allowedips: free empty intermediate nodes when removing single node

When removing single nodes, it's possible that that node's parent is an
empty intermediate node, in which case, it too should be removed.
Otherwise the trie fills up and never is fully emptied, leading to
gradual memory leaks over time for tries that are modified often. There
was originally code to do this, but was removed during refactoring in
2016 and never reworked. Now that we have proper parent pointers from
the previous commits, we can implement this properly.

In order to reduce branching and expensive comparisons, we want to keep
the double pointer for parent assignment (which lets us easily chain up
to the root), but we still need to actually get the parent's base
address. So encode the bit number into the last two bits of the pointer,
and pack and unpack it as needed. This is a little bit clumsy but is the
fastest and less memory wasteful of the compromises. Note that we align
the root struct here to a minimum of 4, because it's embedded into a
larger struct, and we're relying on having the bottom two bits for our
flag, which would only be 16-bit aligned on m68k.

The existing macro-based helpers were a bit unwieldy for adding the bit
packing to, so this commit replaces them with safer and clearer ordinary
functions.

We add a test to the randomized/fuzzer part of the selftests, to free
the randomized tries by-peer, refuzz it, and repeat, until it's supposed
to be empty, and then then see if that actually resulted in the whole
thing being emptied. That combined with kmemcheck should hopefully make
sure this commit is doing what it should. Along the way this resulted in
various other cleanups of the tests and fixes for recent graphviz.

Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>

3 files changed, 137 insertions, 131 deletions

diff --git a/src/allowedips.c b/src/allowedips.c
index c540dce..b7197e8 100644
--- a/src/allowedips.c
+++ b/src/allowedips.c
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ static void copy_and_assign_cidr(struct allowedips_node *node, const u8 *src,
 	node->bitlen = bits;
 	memcpy(node->bits, src, bits / 8U);
 }
-#define CHOOSE_NODE(parent, key) \
-	parent->bit[(key[parent->bit_at_a] >> parent->bit_at_b) & 1]
+
+static inline u8 choose(struct allowedips_node *node, const u8 *key)
+{
+	return (key[node->bit_at_a] >> node->bit_at_b) & 1;
+}
 
 static void push_rcu(struct allowedips_node **stack,
 		     struct allowedips_node __rcu *p, unsigned int *len)
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ static struct allowedips_node *find_node(struct allowedips_node *trie, u8 bits,
 			found = node;
 		if (node->cidr == bits)
 			break;
-		node = rcu_dereference_bh(CHOOSE_NODE(node, key));
+		node = rcu_dereference_bh(node->bit[choose(node, key)]);
 	}
 	return found;
 }
@@ -144,8 +147,7 @@ static bool node_placement(struct allowedips_node __rcu *trie, const u8 *key,
 			   u8 cidr, u8 bits, struct allowedips_node **rnode,
 			   struct mutex *lock)
 {
-	struct allowedips_node *node = rcu_dereference_protected(trie,
-						lockdep_is_held(lock));
+	struct allowedips_node *node = rcu_dereference_protected(trie, lockdep_is_held(lock));
 	struct allowedips_node *parent = NULL;
 	bool exact = false;
 
@@ -155,13 +157,24 @@ static bool node_placement(struct allowedips_node __rcu *trie, const u8 *key,
 			exact = true;
 			break;
 		}
-		node = rcu_dereference_protected(CHOOSE_NODE(parent, key),
-						 lockdep_is_held(lock));
+		node = rcu_dereference_protected(parent->bit[choose(parent, key)], lockdep_is_held(lock));
 	}
 	*rnode = parent;
 	return exact;
 }
 
+static inline void connect_node(struct allowedips_node **parent, u8 bit, struct allowedips_node *node)
+{
+	node->parent_bit_packed = (unsigned long)parent | bit;
+	rcu_assign_pointer(*parent, node);
+}
+
+static inline void choose_and_connect_node(struct allowedips_node *parent, struct allowedips_node *node)
+{
+	u8 bit = choose(parent, node->bits);
+	connect_node(&parent->bit[bit], bit, node);
+}
+
 static int add(struct allowedips_node __rcu **trie, u8 bits, const u8 *key,
 	       u8 cidr, struct wg_peer *peer, struct mutex *lock)
 {
@@ -177,8 +190,7 @@ static int add(struct allowedips_node __rcu **trie, u8 bits, const u8 *key,
 		RCU_INIT_POINTER(node->peer, peer);
 		list_add_tail(&node->peer_list, &peer->allowedips_list);
 		copy_and_assign_cidr(node, key, cidr, bits);
-		rcu_assign_pointer(node->parent_bit, trie);
-		rcu_assign_pointer(*trie, node);
+		connect_node(trie, 2, node);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (node_placement(*trie, key, cidr, bits, &node, lock)) {
@@ -197,10 +209,10 @@ static int add(struct allowedips_node __rcu **trie, u8 bits, const u8 *key,
 	if (!node) {
 		down = rcu_dereference_protected(*trie, lockdep_is_held(lock));
 	} else {
-		down = rcu_dereference_protected(CHOOSE_NODE(node, key), lockdep_is_held(lock));
+		const u8 bit = choose(node, key);
+		down = rcu_dereference_protected(node->bit[bit], lockdep_is_held(lock));
 		if (!down) {
-			rcu_assign_pointer(newnode->parent_bit, &CHOOSE_NODE(node, key));
-			rcu_assign_pointer(CHOOSE_NODE(node, key), newnode);
+			connect_node(&node->bit[bit], bit, newnode);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -208,15 +220,11 @@ static int add(struct allowedips_node __rcu **trie, u8 bits, const u8 *key,
 	parent = node;
 
 	if (newnode->cidr == cidr) {
-		rcu_assign_pointer(down->parent_bit, &CHOOSE_NODE(newnode, down->bits));
-		rcu_assign_pointer(CHOOSE_NODE(newnode, down->bits), down);
-		if (!parent) {
-			rcu_assign_pointer(newnode->parent_bit, trie);
-			rcu_assign_pointer(*trie, newnode);
-		} else {
-			rcu_assign_pointer(newnode->parent_bit, &CHOOSE_NODE(parent, newnode->bits));
-			rcu_assign_pointer(CHOOSE_NODE(parent, newnode->bits), newnode);
-		}
+		choose_and_connect_node(newnode, down);
+		if (!parent)
+			connect_node(trie, 2, newnode);
+		else
+			choose_and_connect_node(parent, newnode);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -229,17 +237,12 @@ static int add(struct allowedips_node __rcu **trie, u8 bits, const u8 *key,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->peer_list);
 	copy_and_assign_cidr(node, newnode->bits, cidr, bits);
 
-	rcu_assign_pointer(down->parent_bit, &CHOOSE_NODE(node, down->bits));
-	rcu_assign_pointer(CHOOSE_NODE(node, down->bits), down);
-	rcu_assign_pointer(newnode->parent_bit, &CHOOSE_NODE(node, newnode->bits));
-	rcu_assign_pointer(CHOOSE_NODE(node, newnode->bits), newnode);
-	if (!parent) {
-		rcu_assign_pointer(node->parent_bit, trie);
-		rcu_assign_pointer(*trie, node);
-	} else {
-		rcu_assign_pointer(node->parent_bit, &CHOOSE_NODE(parent, node->bits));
-		rcu_assign_pointer(CHOOSE_NODE(parent, node->bits), node);
-	}
+	choose_and_connect_node(node, down);
+	choose_and_connect_node(node, newnode);
+	if (!parent)
+		connect_node(trie, 2, node);
+	else
+		choose_and_connect_node(parent, node);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -297,7 +300,8 @@ int wg_allowedips_insert_v6(struct allowedips *table, const struct in6_addr *ip,
 void wg_allowedips_remove_by_peer(struct allowedips *table,
 				  struct wg_peer *peer, struct mutex *lock)
 {
-	struct allowedips_node *node, *child, *tmp;
+	struct allowedips_node *node, *child, **parent_bit, *parent, *tmp;
+	bool free_parent;
 
 	if (list_empty(&peer->allowedips_list))
 		return;
@@ -307,19 +311,29 @@ void wg_allowedips_remove_by_peer(struct allowedips *table,
 		RCU_INIT_POINTER(node->peer, NULL);
 		if (node->bit[0] && node->bit[1])
 			continue;
-		child = rcu_dereference_protected(
-				node->bit[!rcu_access_pointer(node->bit[0])],
-				lockdep_is_held(lock));
+		child = rcu_dereference_protected(node->bit[!rcu_access_pointer(node->bit[0])],
+						  lockdep_is_held(lock));
 		if (child)
-			child->parent_bit = node->parent_bit;
-		*rcu_dereference_protected(node->parent_bit, lockdep_is_held(lock)) = child;
+			child->parent_bit_packed = node->parent_bit_packed;
+		parent_bit = (struct allowedips_node **)(node->parent_bit_packed & ~3UL);
+		*parent_bit = child;
+		parent = (void *)parent_bit -
+			 offsetof(struct allowedips_node, bit[node->parent_bit_packed & 1]);
+		free_parent = !rcu_access_pointer(node->bit[0]) &&
+			      !rcu_access_pointer(node->bit[1]) &&
+			      (node->parent_bit_packed & 3) <= 1 &&
+			      !rcu_access_pointer(parent->peer);
+		if (free_parent)
+			child = rcu_dereference_protected(
+					parent->bit[!(node->parent_bit_packed & 1)],
+					lockdep_is_held(lock));
 		call_rcu(&node->rcu, node_free_rcu);
-
-		/* TODO: Note that we currently don't walk up and down in order to
-		 * free any potential filler nodes. This means that this function
-		 * doesn't free up as much as it could, which could be revisited
-		 * at some point.
-		 */
+		if (!free_parent)
+			continue;
+		if (child)
+			child->parent_bit_packed = parent->parent_bit_packed;
+		*(struct allowedips_node **)(parent->parent_bit_packed & ~3UL) = child;
+		call_rcu(&parent->rcu, node_free_rcu);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/src/allowedips.h b/src/allowedips.h
index 32d611a..2346c79 100644
--- a/src/allowedips.h
+++ b/src/allowedips.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct allowedips_node {
 	u8 bits[16] __aligned(__alignof(u64));
 
 	/* Keep rarely used members at bottom to be beyond cache line. */
-	struct allowedips_node *__rcu *parent_bit;
+	unsigned long parent_bit_packed;
 	union {
 		struct list_head peer_list;
 		struct rcu_head rcu;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct allowedips {
 	struct allowedips_node __rcu *root4;
 	struct allowedips_node __rcu *root6;
 	u64 seq;
-};
+} __aligned(4); /* We pack the lower 2 bits of &root, but m68k only gives 16-bit alignment. */
 
 void wg_allowedips_init(struct allowedips *table);
 void wg_allowedips_free(struct allowedips *table, struct mutex *mutex);
diff --git a/src/selftest/allowedips.c b/src/selftest/allowedips.c
index 0d2a43a..e173204 100644
--- a/src/selftest/allowedips.c
+++ b/src/selftest/allowedips.c
@@ -19,32 +19,22 @@
 
 #include <linux/siphash.h>
 
-static __init void swap_endian_and_apply_cidr(u8 *dst, const u8 *src, u8 bits,
-					      u8 cidr)
-{
-	swap_endian(dst, src, bits);
-	memset(dst + (cidr + 7) / 8, 0, bits / 8 - (cidr + 7) / 8);
-	if (cidr)
-		dst[(cidr + 7) / 8 - 1] &= ~0U << ((8 - (cidr % 8)) % 8);
-}
-
 static __init void print_node(struct allowedips_node *node, u8 bits)
 {
 	char *fmt_connection = KERN_DEBUG "\t\"%p/%d\" -> \"%p/%d\";\n";
-	char *fmt_declaration = KERN_DEBUG
-		"\t\"%p/%d\"[style=%s, color=\"#%06x\"];\n";
+	char *fmt_declaration = KERN_DEBUG "\t\"%p/%d\"[style=%s, color=\"#%06x\"];\n";
+	u8 ip1[16], ip2[16], cidr1, cidr2;
 	char *style = "dotted";
-	u8 ip1[16], ip2[16];
 	u32 color = 0;
 
+	if (node == NULL)
+		return;
 	if (bits == 32) {
 		fmt_connection = KERN_DEBUG "\t\"%pI4/%d\" -> \"%pI4/%d\";\n";
-		fmt_declaration = KERN_DEBUG
-			"\t\"%pI4/%d\"[style=%s, color=\"#%06x\"];\n";
+		fmt_declaration = KERN_DEBUG "\t\"%pI4/%d\"[style=%s, color=\"#%06x\"];\n";
 	} else if (bits == 128) {
 		fmt_connection = KERN_DEBUG "\t\"%pI6/%d\" -> \"%pI6/%d\";\n";
-		fmt_declaration = KERN_DEBUG
-			"\t\"%pI6/%d\"[style=%s, color=\"#%06x\"];\n";
+		fmt_declaration = KERN_DEBUG "\t\"%pI6/%d\"[style=%s, color=\"#%06x\"];\n";
 	}
 	if (node->peer) {
 		hsiphash_key_t key = { { 0 } };
@@ -55,24 +45,20 @@ static __init void print_node(struct allowedips_node *node, u8 bits)
 			hsiphash_1u32(0xabad1dea, &key) % 200;
 		style = "bold";
 	}
-	swap_endian_and_apply_cidr(ip1, node->bits, bits, node->cidr);
-	printk(fmt_declaration, ip1, node->cidr, style, color);
+	wg_allowedips_read_node(node, ip1, &cidr1);
+	printk(fmt_declaration, ip1, cidr1, style, color);
 	if (node->bit[0]) {
-		swap_endian_and_apply_cidr(ip2,
-				rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[0])->bits, bits,
-				node->cidr);
-		printk(fmt_connection, ip1, node->cidr, ip2,
-		       rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[0])->cidr);
-		print_node(rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[0]), bits);
+		wg_allowedips_read_node(rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[0]), ip2, &cidr2);
+		printk(fmt_connection, ip1, cidr1, ip2, cidr2);
 	}
 	if (node->bit[1]) {
-		swap_endian_and_apply_cidr(ip2,
-				rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[1])->bits,
-				bits, node->cidr);
-		printk(fmt_connection, ip1, node->cidr, ip2,
-		       rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[1])->cidr);
-		print_node(rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[1]), bits);
+		wg_allowedips_read_node(rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[1]), ip2, &cidr2);
+		printk(fmt_connection, ip1, cidr1, ip2, cidr2);
 	}
+	if (node->bit[0])
+		print_node(rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[0]), bits);
+	if (node->bit[1])
+		print_node(rcu_dereference_raw(node->bit[1]), bits);
 }
 
 static __init void print_tree(struct allowedips_node __rcu *top, u8 bits)
@@ -121,8 +107,8 @@ static __init inline union nf_inet_addr horrible_cidr_to_mask(u8 cidr)
 {
 	union nf_inet_addr mask;
 
-	memset(&mask, 0x00, 128 / 8);
-	memset(&mask, 0xff, cidr / 8);
+	memset(&mask, 0, sizeof(mask));
+	memset(&mask.all, 0xff, cidr / 8);
 	if (cidr % 32)
 		mask.all[cidr / 32] = (__force u32)htonl(
 			(0xFFFFFFFFUL << (32 - (cidr % 32))) & 0xFFFFFFFFUL);
@@ -149,42 +135,36 @@ horrible_mask_self(struct horrible_allowedips_node *node)
 }
 
 static __init inline bool
-horrible_match_v4(const struct horrible_allowedips_node *node,
-		  struct in_addr *ip)
+horrible_match_v4(const struct horrible_allowedips_node *node, struct in_addr *ip)
 {
 	return (ip->s_addr & node->mask.ip) == node->ip.ip;
 }
 
 static __init inline bool
-horrible_match_v6(const struct horrible_allowedips_node *node,
-		  struct in6_addr *ip)
+horrible_match_v6(const struct horrible_allowedips_node *node, struct in6_addr *ip)
 {
-	return (ip->in6_u.u6_addr32[0] & node->mask.ip6[0]) ==
-		       node->ip.ip6[0] &&
-	       (ip->in6_u.u6_addr32[1] & node->mask.ip6[1]) ==
-		       node->ip.ip6[1] &&
-	       (ip->in6_u.u6_addr32[2] & node->mask.ip6[2]) ==
-		       node->ip.ip6[2] &&
+	return (ip->in6_u.u6_addr32[0] & node->mask.ip6[0]) == node->ip.ip6[0] &&
+	       (ip->in6_u.u6_addr32[1] & node->mask.ip6[1]) == node->ip.ip6[1] &&
+	       (ip->in6_u.u6_addr32[2] & node->mask.ip6[2]) == node->ip.ip6[2] &&
 	       (ip->in6_u.u6_addr32[3] & node->mask.ip6[3]) == node->ip.ip6[3];
 }
 
 static __init void
-horrible_insert_ordered(struct horrible_allowedips *table,
-			struct horrible_allowedips_node *node)
+horrible_insert_ordered(struct horrible_allowedips *table, struct horrible_allowedips_node *node)
 {
 	struct horrible_allowedips_node *other = NULL, *where = NULL;
 	u8 my_cidr = horrible_mask_to_cidr(node->mask);
 
 	hlist_for_each_entry(other, &table->head, table) {
-		if (!memcmp(&other->mask, &node->mask,
-			    sizeof(union nf_inet_addr)) &&
-		    !memcmp(&other->ip, &node->ip,
-			    sizeof(union nf_inet_addr)) &&
-		    other->ip_version == node->ip_version) {
+		if (other->ip_version == node->ip_version &&
+		    !memcmp(&other->mask, &node->mask, sizeof(union nf_inet_addr)) &&
+		    !memcmp(&other->ip, &node->ip, sizeof(union nf_inet_addr))) {
 			other->value = node->value;
 			kfree(node);
 			return;
 		}
+	}
+	hlist_for_each_entry(other, &table->head, table) {
 		where = other;
 		if (horrible_mask_to_cidr(other->mask) <= my_cidr)
 			break;
@@ -201,8 +181,7 @@ static __init int
 horrible_allowedips_insert_v4(struct horrible_allowedips *table,
 			      struct in_addr *ip, u8 cidr, void *value)
 {
-	struct horrible_allowedips_node *node = kzalloc(sizeof(*node),
-							GFP_KERNEL);
+	struct horrible_allowedips_node *node = kzalloc(sizeof(*node), GFP_KERNEL);
 
 	if (unlikely(!node))
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -219,8 +198,7 @@ static __init int
 horrible_allowedips_insert_v6(struct horrible_allowedips *table,
 			      struct in6_addr *ip, u8 cidr, void *value)
 {
-	struct horrible_allowedips_node *node = kzalloc(sizeof(*node),
-							GFP_KERNEL);
+	struct horrible_allowedips_node *node = kzalloc(sizeof(*node), GFP_KERNEL);
 
 	if (unlikely(!node))
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -234,39 +212,43 @@ horrible_allowedips_insert_v6(struct horrible_allowedips *table,
 }
 
 static __init void *
-horrible_allowedips_lookup_v4(struct horrible_allowedips *table,
-			      struct in_addr *ip)
+horrible_allowedips_lookup_v4(struct horrible_allowedips *table, struct in_addr *ip)
 {
 	struct horrible_allowedips_node *node;
-	void *ret = NULL;
 
 	hlist_for_each_entry(node, &table->head, table) {
-		if (node->ip_version != 4)
-			continue;
-		if (horrible_match_v4(node, ip)) {
-			ret = node->value;
-			break;
-		}
+		if (node->ip_version == 4 && horrible_match_v4(node, ip))
+			return node->value;
 	}
-	return ret;
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 static __init void *
-horrible_allowedips_lookup_v6(struct horrible_allowedips *table,
-			      struct in6_addr *ip)
+horrible_allowedips_lookup_v6(struct horrible_allowedips *table, struct in6_addr *ip)
 {
 	struct horrible_allowedips_node *node;
-	void *ret = NULL;
 
 	hlist_for_each_entry(node, &table->head, table) {
-		if (node->ip_version != 6)
+		if (node->ip_version == 6 && horrible_match_v6(node, ip))
+			return node->value;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static __init void
+horrible_allowedips_remove_by_value(struct horrible_allowedips *table, void *value)
+{
+	struct horrible_allowedips_node *node;
+	struct hlist_node *h;
+
+	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(node, h, &table->head, table) {
+		if (node->value != value)
 			continue;
-		if (horrible_match_v6(node, ip)) {
-			ret = node->value;
-			break;
-		}
+		hlist_del(&node->table);
+		kfree(node);
 	}
-	return ret;
+
 }
 
 static __init bool randomized_test(void)
@@ -397,23 +379,33 @@ static __init bool randomized_test(void)
 		print_tree(t.root6, 128);
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < NUM_QUERIES; ++i) {
-		prandom_bytes(ip, 4);
-		if (lookup(t.root4, 32, ip) !=
-		    horrible_allowedips_lookup_v4(&h, (struct in_addr *)ip)) {
-			pr_err("allowedips random self-test: FAIL\n");
-			goto free;
+	for (j = 0;; ++j) {
+		for (i = 0; i < NUM_QUERIES; ++i) {
+			prandom_bytes(ip, 4);
+			if (lookup(t.root4, 32, ip) != horrible_allowedips_lookup_v4(&h, (struct in_addr *)ip)) {
+				horrible_allowedips_lookup_v4(&h, (struct in_addr *)ip);
+				pr_err("allowedips random v4 self-test: FAIL\n");
+				goto free;
+			}
+			prandom_bytes(ip, 16);
+			if (lookup(t.root6, 128, ip) != horrible_allowedips_lookup_v6(&h, (struct in6_addr *)ip)) {
+				pr_err("allowedips random v6 self-test: FAIL\n");
+				goto free;
+			}
 		}
+		if (j >= NUM_PEERS)
+			break;
+		mutex_lock(&mutex);
+		wg_allowedips_remove_by_peer(&t, peers[j], &mutex);
+		mutex_unlock(&mutex);
+		horrible_allowedips_remove_by_value(&h, peers[j]);
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < NUM_QUERIES; ++i) {
-		prandom_bytes(ip, 16);
-		if (lookup(t.root6, 128, ip) !=
-		    horrible_allowedips_lookup_v6(&h, (struct in6_addr *)ip)) {
-			pr_err("allowedips random self-test: FAIL\n");
-			goto free;
-		}
+	if (t.root4 || t.root6) {
+		pr_err("allowedips random self-test removal: FAIL\n");
+		goto free;
 	}
+
 	ret = true;
 
 free: