ash: ensure variables are fully initialised when unset

When a variable is unset by calling setvar(name, NULL, 0) the code
to initialise the new, empty variable fails to initialise the last
character of the string.

Attempts to read the contents of the unset variable will result
in the uninitialised character at the end of the string being
accessed.

For example, running BusyBox under Valgrind and unsetting PATH:

$ valgrind ./busybox_unstripped sh
==21249== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==21249== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==21249== Using Valgrind-3.14.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==21249== Command: ./busybox_unstripped sh
==21249==
/data2/git/build_fix_8721 $ unset PATH
/data2/git/build_fix_8721 $ 0
==21249== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==21249==    at 0x451371: path_advance (ash.c:2555)
==21249==    by 0x456E22: find_command (ash.c:13407)
==21249==    by 0x458425: evalcommand (ash.c:10139)
==21249==    by 0x454CBC: evaltree (ash.c:9131)
==21249==    by 0x456C80: cmdloop (ash.c:13164)

Closes https://bugs.busybox.net/show_bug.cgi?id=8721

v2: On the dash mailing list Harald van Dijk was kind enough to point
    out a flaw in my reasoning and provide an alternative patch.  Sadly
    his patch adds 2 bytes of bloat.  Using xzalloc to zero the whole
    string gives a bloat of -3 bytes.

function                                             old     new   delta
setvar                                               172     169      -3

Signed-off-by: Ron Yorston <rmy@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>

1 files changed, 2 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/shell/ash.c b/shell/ash.c
index 90eaf6faf..b1f8f15d2 100644
--- a/shell/ash.c
+++ b/shell/ash.c
@@ -2420,13 +2420,12 @@ setvar(const char *name, const char *val, int flags)
 	}
 
 	INT_OFF;
-	nameeq = ckmalloc(namelen + vallen + 2);
+	nameeq = ckzalloc(namelen + vallen + 2);
 	p = mempcpy(nameeq, name, namelen);
 	if (val) {
 		*p++ = '=';
-		p = mempcpy(p, val, vallen);
+		memcpy(p, val, vallen);
 	}
-	*p = '\0';
 	vp = setvareq(nameeq, flags | VNOSAVE);
 	INT_ON;