From 635aa0b75f54eddbcb29fda282d05db4b66f803c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jason A. Donenfeld" Date: Thu, 18 Feb 2021 15:19:46 +0100 Subject: queueing: get rid of per-peer ring buffers Having two ring buffers per-peer means that every peer results in two massive ring allocations. On an 8-core x86_64 machine, this commit reduces the per-peer allocation from 18,688 bytes to 1,856 bytes, which is an 90% reduction. Ninety percent! With some single-machine deployments approaching 500,000 peers, we're talking about a reduction from 7 gigs of memory down to 700 megs of memory. In order to get rid of these per-peer allocations, this commit switches to using a list-based queueing approach. Currently GSO fragments are chained together using the skb->next pointer (the skb_list_* singly linked list approach), so we form the per-peer queue around the unused skb->prev pointer (which sort of makes sense because the links are pointing backwards). Use of skb_queue_* is not possible here, because that is based on doubly linked lists and spinlocks. Multiple cores can write into the queue at any given time, because its writes occur in the start_xmit path or in the udp_recv path. But reads happen in a single workqueue item per-peer, amounting to a multi-producer, single-consumer paradigm. The MPSC queue is implemented locklessly and never blocks. However, it is not linearizable (though it is serializable), with a very tight and unlikely race on writes, which, when hit (some tiny fraction of the 0.15% of partial adds on a fully loaded 16-core x86_64 system), causes the queue reader to terminate early. However, because every packet sent queues up the same workqueue item after it is fully added, the worker resumes again, and stopping early isn't actually a problem, since at that point the packet wouldn't have yet been added to the encryption queue. These properties allow us to avoid disabling interrupts or spinning. The design is based on Dmitry Vyukov's algorithm [1]. Performance-wise, ordinarily list-based queues aren't preferable to ringbuffers, because of cache misses when following pointers around. However, we *already* have to follow the adjacent pointers when working through fragments, so there shouldn't actually be any change there. A potential downside is that dequeueing is a bit more complicated, but the ptr_ring structure used prior had a spinlock when dequeueing, so all and all the difference appears to be a wash. Actually, from profiling, the biggest performance hit, by far, of this commit winds up being atomic_add_unless(count, 1, max) and atomic_ dec(count), which account for the majority of CPU time, according to perf. In that sense, the previous ring buffer was superior in that it could check if it was full by head==tail, which the list-based approach cannot do. But all and all, this enables us to get massive memory savings, allowing WireGuard to scale for real world deployments, without taking much of a performance hit. [1] http://www.1024cores.net/home/lock-free-algorithms/queues/intrusive-mpsc-node-based-queue Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld --- src/compat/compat.h | 16 ++++++++++ src/device.c | 12 ++++---- src/device.h | 15 +++++----- src/peer.c | 28 ++++++----------- src/peer.h | 4 +-- src/queueing.c | 86 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------- src/queueing.h | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++-------- src/receive.c | 16 ++++------ src/send.c | 31 +++++++------------ 9 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/compat/compat.h b/src/compat/compat.h index edc0502..c1b77d9 100644 --- a/src/compat/compat.h +++ b/src/compat/compat.h @@ -1068,6 +1068,22 @@ static const struct header_ops ip_tunnel_header_ops = { .parse_protocol = ip_tun #define kfree_sensitive(a) kzfree(a) #endif +#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(4, 3, 0) && !defined(ISRHEL7) +#define xchg_release xchg +#endif + +#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(3, 14, 0) && !defined(ISRHEL7) +#include +#ifndef smp_load_acquire +#define smp_load_acquire(p) \ +({ \ + typeof(*p) ___p1 = ACCESS_ONCE(*p); \ + smp_mb(); \ + ___p1; \ +}) +#endif +#endif + #if defined(ISUBUNTU1604) || defined(ISRHEL7) #include #ifndef _WG_LINUX_SIPHASH_H diff --git a/src/device.c b/src/device.c index 90074b3..b8c2390 100644 --- a/src/device.c +++ b/src/device.c @@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ static void wg_destruct(struct net_device *dev) destroy_workqueue(wg->handshake_receive_wq); destroy_workqueue(wg->handshake_send_wq); destroy_workqueue(wg->packet_crypt_wq); - wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->decrypt_queue, true); - wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->encrypt_queue, true); + wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->decrypt_queue); + wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->encrypt_queue); rcu_barrier(); /* Wait for all the peers to be actually freed. */ wg_ratelimiter_uninit(); memzero_explicit(&wg->static_identity, sizeof(wg->static_identity)); @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ static int wg_newlink(struct net *src_net, struct net_device *dev, goto err_destroy_handshake_send; ret = wg_packet_queue_init(&wg->encrypt_queue, wg_packet_encrypt_worker, - true, MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS); + MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS); if (ret < 0) goto err_destroy_packet_crypt; ret = wg_packet_queue_init(&wg->decrypt_queue, wg_packet_decrypt_worker, - true, MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS); + MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS); if (ret < 0) goto err_free_encrypt_queue; @@ -382,9 +382,9 @@ static int wg_newlink(struct net *src_net, struct net_device *dev, err_uninit_ratelimiter: wg_ratelimiter_uninit(); err_free_decrypt_queue: - wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->decrypt_queue, true); + wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->decrypt_queue); err_free_encrypt_queue: - wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->encrypt_queue, true); + wg_packet_queue_free(&wg->encrypt_queue); err_destroy_packet_crypt: destroy_workqueue(wg->packet_crypt_wq); err_destroy_handshake_send: diff --git a/src/device.h b/src/device.h index 4d0144e..854bc3d 100644 --- a/src/device.h +++ b/src/device.h @@ -27,13 +27,14 @@ struct multicore_worker { struct crypt_queue { struct ptr_ring ring; - union { - struct { - struct multicore_worker __percpu *worker; - int last_cpu; - }; - struct work_struct work; - }; + struct multicore_worker __percpu *worker; + int last_cpu; +}; + +struct prev_queue { + struct sk_buff *head, *tail, *peeked; + struct { struct sk_buff *next, *prev; } empty; // Match first 2 members of struct sk_buff. + atomic_t count; }; struct wg_device { diff --git a/src/peer.c b/src/peer.c index b3b6370..cd5cb02 100644 --- a/src/peer.c +++ b/src/peer.c @@ -32,27 +32,22 @@ struct wg_peer *wg_peer_create(struct wg_device *wg, peer = kzalloc(sizeof(*peer), GFP_KERNEL); if (unlikely(!peer)) return ERR_PTR(ret); - peer->device = wg; + if (dst_cache_init(&peer->endpoint_cache, GFP_KERNEL)) + goto err; + peer->device = wg; wg_noise_handshake_init(&peer->handshake, &wg->static_identity, public_key, preshared_key, peer); - if (dst_cache_init(&peer->endpoint_cache, GFP_KERNEL)) - goto err_1; - if (wg_packet_queue_init(&peer->tx_queue, wg_packet_tx_worker, false, - MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS)) - goto err_2; - if (wg_packet_queue_init(&peer->rx_queue, NULL, false, - MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS)) - goto err_3; - peer->internal_id = atomic64_inc_return(&peer_counter); peer->serial_work_cpu = nr_cpumask_bits; wg_cookie_init(&peer->latest_cookie); wg_timers_init(peer); wg_cookie_checker_precompute_peer_keys(peer); spin_lock_init(&peer->keypairs.keypair_update_lock); - INIT_WORK(&peer->transmit_handshake_work, - wg_packet_handshake_send_worker); + INIT_WORK(&peer->transmit_handshake_work, wg_packet_handshake_send_worker); + INIT_WORK(&peer->transmit_packet_work, wg_packet_tx_worker); + wg_prev_queue_init(&peer->tx_queue); + wg_prev_queue_init(&peer->rx_queue); rwlock_init(&peer->endpoint_lock); kref_init(&peer->refcount); skb_queue_head_init(&peer->staged_packet_queue); @@ -68,11 +63,7 @@ struct wg_peer *wg_peer_create(struct wg_device *wg, pr_debug("%s: Peer %llu created\n", wg->dev->name, peer->internal_id); return peer; -err_3: - wg_packet_queue_free(&peer->tx_queue, false); -err_2: - dst_cache_destroy(&peer->endpoint_cache); -err_1: +err: kfree(peer); return ERR_PTR(ret); } @@ -197,8 +188,7 @@ static void rcu_release(struct rcu_head *rcu) struct wg_peer *peer = container_of(rcu, struct wg_peer, rcu); dst_cache_destroy(&peer->endpoint_cache); - wg_packet_queue_free(&peer->rx_queue, false); - wg_packet_queue_free(&peer->tx_queue, false); + WARN_ON(wg_prev_queue_peek(&peer->tx_queue) || wg_prev_queue_peek(&peer->rx_queue)); /* The final zeroing takes care of clearing any remaining handshake key * material and other potentially sensitive information. diff --git a/src/peer.h b/src/peer.h index aaff8de..8d53b68 100644 --- a/src/peer.h +++ b/src/peer.h @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct endpoint { struct wg_peer { struct wg_device *device; - struct crypt_queue tx_queue, rx_queue; + struct prev_queue tx_queue, rx_queue; struct sk_buff_head staged_packet_queue; int serial_work_cpu; bool is_dead; @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct wg_peer { rwlock_t endpoint_lock; struct noise_handshake handshake; atomic64_t last_sent_handshake; - struct work_struct transmit_handshake_work, clear_peer_work; + struct work_struct transmit_handshake_work, clear_peer_work, transmit_packet_work; struct cookie latest_cookie; struct hlist_node pubkey_hash; u64 rx_bytes, tx_bytes; diff --git a/src/queueing.c b/src/queueing.c index 71b8e80..48e7b98 100644 --- a/src/queueing.c +++ b/src/queueing.c @@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ struct multicore_worker __percpu * wg_packet_percpu_multicore_worker_alloc(work_func_t function, void *ptr) { int cpu; - struct multicore_worker __percpu *worker = - alloc_percpu(struct multicore_worker); + struct multicore_worker __percpu *worker = alloc_percpu(struct multicore_worker); if (!worker) return NULL; @@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ wg_packet_percpu_multicore_worker_alloc(work_func_t function, void *ptr) } int wg_packet_queue_init(struct crypt_queue *queue, work_func_t function, - bool multicore, unsigned int len) + unsigned int len) { int ret; @@ -31,25 +30,78 @@ int wg_packet_queue_init(struct crypt_queue *queue, work_func_t function, ret = ptr_ring_init(&queue->ring, len, GFP_KERNEL); if (ret) return ret; - if (function) { - if (multicore) { - queue->worker = wg_packet_percpu_multicore_worker_alloc( - function, queue); - if (!queue->worker) { - ptr_ring_cleanup(&queue->ring, NULL); - return -ENOMEM; - } - } else { - INIT_WORK(&queue->work, function); - } + queue->worker = wg_packet_percpu_multicore_worker_alloc(function, queue); + if (!queue->worker) { + ptr_ring_cleanup(&queue->ring, NULL); + return -ENOMEM; } return 0; } -void wg_packet_queue_free(struct crypt_queue *queue, bool multicore) +void wg_packet_queue_free(struct crypt_queue *queue) { - if (multicore) - free_percpu(queue->worker); + free_percpu(queue->worker); WARN_ON(!__ptr_ring_empty(&queue->ring)); ptr_ring_cleanup(&queue->ring, NULL); } + +#define NEXT(skb) ((skb)->prev) +#define STUB(queue) ((struct sk_buff *)&queue->empty) + +void wg_prev_queue_init(struct prev_queue *queue) +{ + NEXT(STUB(queue)) = NULL; + queue->head = queue->tail = STUB(queue); + queue->peeked = NULL; + atomic_set(&queue->count, 0); + BUILD_BUG_ON( + offsetof(struct sk_buff, next) != offsetof(struct prev_queue, empty.next) - + offsetof(struct prev_queue, empty) || + offsetof(struct sk_buff, prev) != offsetof(struct prev_queue, empty.prev) - + offsetof(struct prev_queue, empty)); +} + +static void __wg_prev_queue_enqueue(struct prev_queue *queue, struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + WRITE_ONCE(NEXT(skb), NULL); + WRITE_ONCE(NEXT(xchg_release(&queue->head, skb)), skb); +} + +bool wg_prev_queue_enqueue(struct prev_queue *queue, struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + if (!atomic_add_unless(&queue->count, 1, MAX_QUEUED_PACKETS)) + return false; + __wg_prev_queue_enqueue(queue, skb); + return true; +} + +struct sk_buff *wg_prev_queue_dequeue(struct prev_queue *queue) +{ + struct sk_buff *tail = queue->tail, *next = smp_load_acquire(&NEXT(tail)); + + if (tail == STUB(queue)) { + if (!next) + return NULL; + queue->tail = next; + tail = next; + next = smp_load_acquire(&NEXT(next)); + } + if (next) { + queue->tail = next; + atomic_dec(&queue->count); + return tail; + } + if (tail != READ_ONCE(queue->head)) + return NULL; + __wg_prev_queue_enqueue(queue, STUB(queue)); + next = smp_load_acquire(&NEXT(tail)); + if (next) { + queue->tail = next; + atomic_dec(&queue->count); + return tail; + } + return NULL; +} + +#undef NEXT +#undef STUB diff --git a/src/queueing.h b/src/queueing.h index bab170b..b6ccf65 100644 --- a/src/queueing.h +++ b/src/queueing.h @@ -17,12 +17,13 @@ struct wg_device; struct wg_peer; struct multicore_worker; struct crypt_queue; +struct prev_queue; struct sk_buff; /* queueing.c APIs: */ int wg_packet_queue_init(struct crypt_queue *queue, work_func_t function, - bool multicore, unsigned int len); -void wg_packet_queue_free(struct crypt_queue *queue, bool multicore); + unsigned int len); +void wg_packet_queue_free(struct crypt_queue *queue); struct multicore_worker __percpu * wg_packet_percpu_multicore_worker_alloc(work_func_t function, void *ptr); @@ -138,8 +139,31 @@ static inline int wg_cpumask_next_online(int *next) return cpu; } +void wg_prev_queue_init(struct prev_queue *queue); + +/* Multi producer */ +bool wg_prev_queue_enqueue(struct prev_queue *queue, struct sk_buff *skb); + +/* Single consumer */ +struct sk_buff *wg_prev_queue_dequeue(struct prev_queue *queue); + +/* Single consumer */ +static inline struct sk_buff *wg_prev_queue_peek(struct prev_queue *queue) +{ + if (queue->peeked) + return queue->peeked; + queue->peeked = wg_prev_queue_dequeue(queue); + return queue->peeked; +} + +/* Single consumer */ +static inline void wg_prev_queue_drop_peeked(struct prev_queue *queue) +{ + queue->peeked = NULL; +} + static inline int wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer( - struct crypt_queue *device_queue, struct crypt_queue *peer_queue, + struct crypt_queue *device_queue, struct prev_queue *peer_queue, struct sk_buff *skb, struct workqueue_struct *wq, int *next_cpu) { int cpu; @@ -148,8 +172,9 @@ static inline int wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer( /* We first queue this up for the peer ingestion, but the consumer * will wait for the state to change to CRYPTED or DEAD before. */ - if (unlikely(ptr_ring_produce_bh(&peer_queue->ring, skb))) + if (unlikely(!wg_prev_queue_enqueue(peer_queue, skb))) return -ENOSPC; + /* Then we queue it up in the device queue, which consumes the * packet as soon as it can. */ @@ -160,9 +185,7 @@ static inline int wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer( return 0; } -static inline void wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer(struct crypt_queue *queue, - struct sk_buff *skb, - enum packet_state state) +static inline void wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_tx(struct sk_buff *skb, enum packet_state state) { /* We take a reference, because as soon as we call atomic_set, the * peer can be freed from below us. @@ -170,14 +193,12 @@ static inline void wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer(struct crypt_queue *queue, struct wg_peer *peer = wg_peer_get(PACKET_PEER(skb)); atomic_set_release(&PACKET_CB(skb)->state, state); - queue_work_on(wg_cpumask_choose_online(&peer->serial_work_cpu, - peer->internal_id), - peer->device->packet_crypt_wq, &queue->work); + queue_work_on(wg_cpumask_choose_online(&peer->serial_work_cpu, peer->internal_id), + peer->device->packet_crypt_wq, &peer->transmit_packet_work); wg_peer_put(peer); } -static inline void wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_napi(struct sk_buff *skb, - enum packet_state state) +static inline void wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_rx(struct sk_buff *skb, enum packet_state state) { /* We take a reference, because as soon as we call atomic_set, the * peer can be freed from below us. diff --git a/src/receive.c b/src/receive.c index 172ef82..07147ff 100644 --- a/src/receive.c +++ b/src/receive.c @@ -449,7 +449,6 @@ packet_processed: int wg_packet_rx_poll(struct napi_struct *napi, int budget) { struct wg_peer *peer = container_of(napi, struct wg_peer, napi); - struct crypt_queue *queue = &peer->rx_queue; struct noise_keypair *keypair; struct endpoint endpoint; enum packet_state state; @@ -460,11 +459,10 @@ int wg_packet_rx_poll(struct napi_struct *napi, int budget) if (unlikely(budget <= 0)) return 0; - while ((skb = __ptr_ring_peek(&queue->ring)) != NULL && + while ((skb = wg_prev_queue_peek(&peer->rx_queue)) != NULL && (state = atomic_read_acquire(&PACKET_CB(skb)->state)) != PACKET_STATE_UNCRYPTED) { - __ptr_ring_discard_one(&queue->ring); - peer = PACKET_PEER(skb); + wg_prev_queue_drop_peeked(&peer->rx_queue); keypair = PACKET_CB(skb)->keypair; free = true; @@ -516,7 +514,7 @@ void wg_packet_decrypt_worker(struct work_struct *work) likely(decrypt_packet(skb, PACKET_CB(skb)->keypair, &simd_context)) ? PACKET_STATE_CRYPTED : PACKET_STATE_DEAD; - wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_napi(skb, state); + wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_rx(skb, state); simd_relax(&simd_context); } @@ -540,12 +538,10 @@ static void wg_packet_consume_data(struct wg_device *wg, struct sk_buff *skb) if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(peer->is_dead))) goto err; - ret = wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer(&wg->decrypt_queue, - &peer->rx_queue, skb, - wg->packet_crypt_wq, - &wg->decrypt_queue.last_cpu); + ret = wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer(&wg->decrypt_queue, &peer->rx_queue, skb, + wg->packet_crypt_wq, &wg->decrypt_queue.last_cpu); if (unlikely(ret == -EPIPE)) - wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_napi(skb, PACKET_STATE_DEAD); + wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_rx(skb, PACKET_STATE_DEAD); if (likely(!ret || ret == -EPIPE)) { rcu_read_unlock_bh(); return; diff --git a/src/send.c b/src/send.c index 828b086..55bb0c9 100644 --- a/src/send.c +++ b/src/send.c @@ -242,8 +242,7 @@ void wg_packet_send_keepalive(struct wg_peer *peer) wg_packet_send_staged_packets(peer); } -static void wg_packet_create_data_done(struct sk_buff *first, - struct wg_peer *peer) +static void wg_packet_create_data_done(struct wg_peer *peer, struct sk_buff *first) { struct sk_buff *skb, *next; bool is_keepalive, data_sent = false; @@ -265,22 +264,19 @@ static void wg_packet_create_data_done(struct sk_buff *first, void wg_packet_tx_worker(struct work_struct *work) { - struct crypt_queue *queue = container_of(work, struct crypt_queue, - work); + struct wg_peer *peer = container_of(work, struct wg_peer, transmit_packet_work); struct noise_keypair *keypair; enum packet_state state; struct sk_buff *first; - struct wg_peer *peer; - while ((first = __ptr_ring_peek(&queue->ring)) != NULL && + while ((first = wg_prev_queue_peek(&peer->tx_queue)) != NULL && (state = atomic_read_acquire(&PACKET_CB(first)->state)) != PACKET_STATE_UNCRYPTED) { - __ptr_ring_discard_one(&queue->ring); - peer = PACKET_PEER(first); + wg_prev_queue_drop_peeked(&peer->tx_queue); keypair = PACKET_CB(first)->keypair; if (likely(state == PACKET_STATE_CRYPTED)) - wg_packet_create_data_done(first, peer); + wg_packet_create_data_done(peer, first); else kfree_skb_list(first); @@ -312,17 +308,15 @@ void wg_packet_encrypt_worker(struct work_struct *work) break; } } - wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer(&PACKET_PEER(first)->tx_queue, first, - state); + wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_tx(first, state); simd_relax(&simd_context); } simd_put(&simd_context); } -static void wg_packet_create_data(struct sk_buff *first) +static void wg_packet_create_data(struct wg_peer *peer, struct sk_buff *first) { - struct wg_peer *peer = PACKET_PEER(first); struct wg_device *wg = peer->device; int ret = -EINVAL; @@ -330,13 +324,10 @@ static void wg_packet_create_data(struct sk_buff *first) if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(peer->is_dead))) goto err; - ret = wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer(&wg->encrypt_queue, - &peer->tx_queue, first, - wg->packet_crypt_wq, - &wg->encrypt_queue.last_cpu); + ret = wg_queue_enqueue_per_device_and_peer(&wg->encrypt_queue, &peer->tx_queue, first, + wg->packet_crypt_wq, &wg->encrypt_queue.last_cpu); if (unlikely(ret == -EPIPE)) - wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer(&peer->tx_queue, first, - PACKET_STATE_DEAD); + wg_queue_enqueue_per_peer_tx(first, PACKET_STATE_DEAD); err: rcu_read_unlock_bh(); if (likely(!ret || ret == -EPIPE)) @@ -400,7 +391,7 @@ void wg_packet_send_staged_packets(struct wg_peer *peer) packets.prev->next = NULL; wg_peer_get(keypair->entry.peer); PACKET_CB(packets.next)->keypair = keypair; - wg_packet_create_data(packets.next); + wg_packet_create_data(peer, packets.next); return; out_invalid: -- cgit v1.2.3