allowedips: remove nodes in O(1)

Previously, deleting peers would require traversing the entire trie in
order to rebalance nodes and safely free them. This meant that removing
1000 peers from a trie with a half million nodes would take an extremely
long time, during which we're holding the rtnl lock. Large-scale users
were reporting 200ms latencies added to the networking stack as a whole
every time their userspace software would queue up significant removals.
That's a serious situation.

This commit fixes that by maintaining a double pointer to the parent's
bit pointer for each node, and then using the already existing node list
belonging to each peer to go directly to the node, fix up its pointers,
and free it with RCU. This means removal is O(1) instead of O(n), and we
don't use gobs of stack.

The removal algorithm has the same downside as the code that it fixes:
it won't collapse needlessly long runs of fillers.  We can enhance that
in the future if it ever becomes a problem. This commit documents that
limitation with a TODO comment in code, a small but meaningful
improvement over the prior situation.

Currently the biggest flaw, which the next commit addresses, is that
because this increases the node size on 64-bit machines from 60 bytes to
68 bytes. 60 rounds up to 64, but 68 rounds up to 128. So we wind up
using twice as much memory per node, because of power-of-two
allocations, which is a big bummer. We'll need to figure something out
there.

Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>

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