Give Samuel heart attack by removing Dagger

Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>

19 files changed, 115 insertions, 230 deletions

diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/Application.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/Application.java
index eaf2d75c..d0dc22d9 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/Application.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/Application.java
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 /*
- * Copyright © 2018 Samuel Holland <samuel@sholland.org>
  * Copyright © 2018 Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>. All Rights Reserved.
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
  */
 
 package com.wireguard.android;
 
-import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.os.AsyncTask;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -25,123 +23,72 @@ import com.wireguard.android.util.RootShell;
 import com.wireguard.android.util.ToolsInstaller;
 
 import java.io.File;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
-import javax.inject.Qualifier;
-import javax.inject.Scope;
-
-import dagger.Component;
-import dagger.Module;
-import dagger.Provides;
-
-/**
- * Base context for the WireGuard Android application. This class (instantiated once during the
- * application lifecycle) maintains and mediates access to the global state of the application.
- */
-
 public class Application extends android.app.Application {
-    private static ApplicationComponent component;
-
-    public static ApplicationComponent getComponent() {
-        if (component == null)
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Application instance not yet created");
-        return component;
+    private static WeakReference<Application> weakSelf;
+    private AsyncWorker asyncWorker;
+    private Backend backend;
+    private RootShell rootShell;
+    private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;
+    private ToolsInstaller toolsInstaller;
+    private TunnelManager tunnelManager;
+    public Application() {
+        weakSelf = new WeakReference<>(this);
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void onCreate() {
-        super.onCreate();
-        component = DaggerApplication_ApplicationComponent.builder()
-                .applicationModule(new ApplicationModule(this))
-                .build();
-        component.getTunnelManager().onCreate();
+    public static Application get() {
+        return weakSelf.get();
     }
 
-    @ApplicationScope
-    @Component(modules = ApplicationModule.class)
-    public interface ApplicationComponent {
-        AsyncWorker getAsyncWorker();
-
-        Class getBackendType();
-
-        ToolsInstaller getToolsInstaller();
+    public static AsyncWorker getAsyncWorker() {
+        return get().asyncWorker;
+    }
 
-        TunnelManager getTunnelManager();
+    public static Class getBackendType() {
+        return get().backend.getClass();
+    }
 
-        RootShell getRootShell();
+    public static RootShell getRootShell() {
+        return get().rootShell;
     }
 
-    @Qualifier
-    public @interface ApplicationContext {
+    public static SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences() {
+        return get().sharedPreferences;
     }
 
-    @Qualifier
-    public @interface ApplicationHandler {
+    public static ToolsInstaller getToolsInstaller() {
+        return get().toolsInstaller;
     }
 
-    @Scope
-    public @interface ApplicationScope {
+    public static TunnelManager getTunnelManager() {
+        return get().tunnelManager;
     }
 
-    @Module
-    public static final class ApplicationModule {
-        private final Context context;
-
-        private ApplicationModule(final Application application) {
-            context = application.getApplicationContext();
-
-            AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(
-                    getPreferences(context).getBoolean("dark_theme", false) ?
-                          AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES : AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_NO);
-        }
-
-        @ApplicationScope
-        @Provides
-        public static Backend getBackend(@ApplicationContext final Context context,
-                                         final RootShell rootShell,
-                                         final ToolsInstaller toolsInstaller) {
-            if (new File("/sys/module/wireguard").exists())
-                return new WgQuickBackend(context, rootShell, toolsInstaller);
-            else
-                return new GoBackend(context);
-        }
-
-        @ApplicationScope
-        @Provides
-        public static Class getBackendType(final Backend backend) {
-            return backend.getClass();
-        }
-
-        @ApplicationScope
-        @Provides
-        public static ConfigStore getConfigStore(@ApplicationContext final Context context) {
-            return new FileConfigStore(context);
-        }
-
-        @ApplicationScope
-        @Provides
-        public static Executor getExecutor() {
-            return AsyncTask.SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
-        }
-
-        @ApplicationHandler
-        @ApplicationScope
-        @Provides
-        public static Handler getHandler() {
-            return new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
-        }
-
-        @ApplicationScope
-        @Provides
-        public static SharedPreferences getPreferences(@ApplicationContext final Context context) {
-            return PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
-        }
-
-        @ApplicationContext
-        @ApplicationScope
-        @Provides
-        public Context getContext() {
-            return context;
-        }
+    @Override
+    public void onCreate() {
+        super.onCreate();
+
+        final Executor executor = AsyncTask.SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+        final ConfigStore configStore = new FileConfigStore(getApplicationContext());
+
+        asyncWorker = new AsyncWorker(executor, handler);
+        rootShell = new RootShell(getApplicationContext());
+        toolsInstaller = new ToolsInstaller(getApplicationContext());
+
+        sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getApplicationContext());
+        AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(
+                sharedPreferences.getBoolean("dark_theme", false) ?
+                        AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES : AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_NO);
+
+        if (new File("/sys/module/wireguard").exists())
+            backend = new WgQuickBackend(getApplicationContext());
+        else
+            backend = new GoBackend(getApplicationContext());
+
+        tunnelManager = new TunnelManager(backend, configStore);
+        tunnelManager.onCreate();
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/BootShutdownReceiver.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/BootShutdownReceiver.java
index 675bbb42..3c2bb85c 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/BootShutdownReceiver.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/BootShutdownReceiver.java
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ public class BootShutdownReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
 
     @Override
     public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
-        if (Application.getComponent().getBackendType() != WgQuickBackend.class) {
+        if (Application.getBackendType() != WgQuickBackend.class) {
             return;
         }
         final String action = intent.getAction();
         if (action == null)
             return;
-        final TunnelManager tunnelManager = Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager();
+        final TunnelManager tunnelManager = Application.getTunnelManager();
         if (Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED.equals(action)) {
             Log.i(TAG, "Broadcast receiver restoring state (boot)");
             tunnelManager.restoreState(false).whenComplete(ExceptionLoggers.D);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/QuickTileService.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/QuickTileService.java
index 8480b65e..99f72de2 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/QuickTileService.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/QuickTileService.java
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ public class QuickTileService extends TileService {
     private final OnStateChangedCallback onStateChangedCallback = new OnStateChangedCallback();
     private final OnTunnelChangedCallback onTunnelChangedCallback = new OnTunnelChangedCallback();
     private Tunnel tunnel;
-    private TunnelManager tunnelManager;
 
     @Override
     public void onClick() {
@@ -54,12 +53,11 @@ public class QuickTileService extends TileService {
     @Override
     public void onCreate() {
         super.onCreate();
-        tunnelManager = Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager();
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onStartListening() {
-        tunnelManager.addOnPropertyChangedCallback(onTunnelChangedCallback);
+        Application.getTunnelManager().addOnPropertyChangedCallback(onTunnelChangedCallback);
         if (tunnel != null)
             tunnel.addOnPropertyChangedCallback(onStateChangedCallback);
         updateTile();
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@ public class QuickTileService extends TileService {
     public void onStopListening() {
         if (tunnel != null)
             tunnel.removeOnPropertyChangedCallback(onStateChangedCallback);
-        tunnelManager.removeOnPropertyChangedCallback(onTunnelChangedCallback);
+        Application.getTunnelManager().removeOnPropertyChangedCallback(onTunnelChangedCallback);
     }
 
     private void onToggleFinished(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final State state,
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ public class QuickTileService extends TileService {
 
     private void updateTile() {
         // Update the tunnel.
-        final Tunnel newTunnel = tunnelManager.getLastUsedTunnel();
+        final Tunnel newTunnel = Application.getTunnelManager().getLastUsedTunnel();
         if (newTunnel != tunnel) {
             if (tunnel != null)
                 tunnel.removeOnPropertyChangedCallback(onStateChangedCallback);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/BaseActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/BaseActivity.java
index a44035f9..e7071da4 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/BaseActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/BaseActivity.java
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ public abstract class BaseActivity extends ThemeChangeAwareActivity {
         else if (getIntent() != null)
             savedTunnelName = getIntent().getStringExtra(KEY_SELECTED_TUNNEL);
         if (savedTunnelName != null) {
-            final TunnelManager tunnelManager = Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager();
+            final TunnelManager tunnelManager = Application.getTunnelManager();
             selectedTunnel = tunnelManager.getTunnels().get(savedTunnelName);
         }
 
         // The selected tunnel must be set before the superclass method recreates fragments.
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 
-        if (Application.getComponent().getBackendType() == GoBackend.class) {
+        if (Application.getBackendType() == GoBackend.class) {
             final Intent intent = GoBackend.VpnService.prepare(this);
             if (intent != null) {
                 startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/SettingsActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/SettingsActivity.java
index cfc9f3ef..03ae11a0 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/SettingsActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/SettingsActivity.java
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public class SettingsActivity extends ThemeChangeAwareActivity {
         @Override
         public void onCreatePreferences(final Bundle savedInstanceState, final String key) {
             addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);
-            if (Application.getComponent().getBackendType() != WgQuickBackend.class) {
+            if (Application.getBackendType() != WgQuickBackend.class) {
                 Preference pref = getPreferenceManager().findPreference("tools_installer");
                 getPreferenceScreen().removePreference(pref);
                 pref = getPreferenceManager().findPreference("restore_on_boot");
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/ThemeChangeAwareActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/ThemeChangeAwareActivity.java
index 250cf0a7..589ac7d0 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/ThemeChangeAwareActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/activity/ThemeChangeAwareActivity.java
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ package com.wireguard.android.activity;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
 import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
 import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegate;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.wireguard.android.Application;
+
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 
 public abstract class ThemeChangeAwareActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {
@@ -52,12 +53,12 @@ public abstract class ThemeChangeAwareActivity extends AppCompatActivity impleme
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this).registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
+        Application.getSharedPreferences().registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
     }
 
     @Override
     protected void onDestroy() {
-        PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this).unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
+        Application.getSharedPreferences().unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
         super.onDestroy();
     }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/GoBackend.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/GoBackend.java
index 21df018e..8c8d593a 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/GoBackend.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/GoBackend.java
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ public final class GoBackend implements Backend {
 
         @Override
         public void onDestroy() {
-            for (final Tunnel tunnel : Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager().getTunnels()) {
+            for (final Tunnel tunnel : Application.getTunnelManager().getTunnels()) {
                 if (tunnel != null && tunnel.getState() != State.DOWN)
                     tunnel.setState(State.DOWN);
             }
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ public final class GoBackend implements Backend {
             vpnService.complete(this);
             if (intent == null || intent.getComponent() == null || !intent.getComponent().getPackageName().equals(getPackageName())) {
                 Log.d(TAG, "Service started by Always-on VPN feature");
-                Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager().restoreState(true).whenComplete(ExceptionLoggers.D);
+                Application.getTunnelManager().restoreState(true).whenComplete(ExceptionLoggers.D);
             }
             return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
         }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/WgQuickBackend.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/WgQuickBackend.java
index e5a5574f..56d62a1f 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/WgQuickBackend.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/backend/WgQuickBackend.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ package com.wireguard.android.backend;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.wireguard.android.Application;
 import com.wireguard.android.model.Tunnel;
 import com.wireguard.android.model.Tunnel.State;
 import com.wireguard.android.model.Tunnel.Statistics;
@@ -35,14 +36,9 @@ public final class WgQuickBackend implements Backend {
     private static final String TAG = "WireGuard/" + WgQuickBackend.class.getSimpleName();
 
     private final File localTemporaryDir;
-    private final RootShell rootShell;
-    private final ToolsInstaller toolsInstaller;
 
-    public WgQuickBackend(final Context context, final RootShell rootShell,
-                          final ToolsInstaller toolsInstaller) {
+    public WgQuickBackend(final Context context) {
         localTemporaryDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), "tmp");
-        this.rootShell = rootShell;
-        this.toolsInstaller = toolsInstaller;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -66,8 +62,8 @@ public final class WgQuickBackend implements Backend {
         final List<String> output = new ArrayList<>();
         // Don't throw an exception here or nothing will show up in the UI.
         try {
-            toolsInstaller.ensureToolsAvailable();
-            if (rootShell.run(output, "wg show interfaces") != 0 || output.isEmpty())
+            Application.getToolsInstaller().ensureToolsAvailable();
+            if (Application.getRootShell().run(output, "wg show interfaces") != 0 || output.isEmpty())
                 return Collections.emptySet();
         } catch (final Exception e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "Unable to enumerate running tunnels", e);
@@ -95,7 +91,7 @@ public final class WgQuickBackend implements Backend {
         if (state == originalState)
             return originalState;
         Log.d(TAG, "Changing tunnel " + tunnel.getName() + " to state " + state);
-        toolsInstaller.ensureToolsAvailable();
+        Application.getToolsInstaller().ensureToolsAvailable();
         setStateInternal(tunnel, tunnel.getConfig(), state);
         return getState(tunnel);
     }
@@ -110,7 +106,7 @@ public final class WgQuickBackend implements Backend {
                 state.toString().toLowerCase(), tempFile.getAbsolutePath());
         if (state == State.UP)
             command = "cat /sys/module/wireguard/version && " + command;
-        final int result = rootShell.run(null, command);
+        final int result = Application.getRootShell().run(null, command);
         // noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
         tempFile.delete();
         if (result != 0)
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/configStore/FileConfigStore.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/configStore/FileConfigStore.java
index 1655470b..231b6b1b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/configStore/FileConfigStore.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/configStore/FileConfigStore.java
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ package com.wireguard.android.configStore;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationContext;
 import com.wireguard.config.Config;
 
 import java.io.File;
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ public final class FileConfigStore implements ConfigStore {
 
     private final Context context;
 
-    public FileConfigStore(@ApplicationContext final Context context) {
+    public FileConfigStore(final Context context) {
         this.context = context;
     }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelEditorFragment.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelEditorFragment.java
index 5eeb720e..ea03077c 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelEditorFragment.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelEditorFragment.java
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public class TunnelEditorFragment extends BaseFragment {
                 }
                 if (tunnel == null) {
                     Log.d(TAG, "Attempting to create new tunnel " + binding.getConfig().getName());
-                    final TunnelManager manager = Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager();
+                    final TunnelManager manager = Application.getTunnelManager();
                     manager.create(binding.getConfig().getName(), newConfig)
                             .whenComplete(this::onTunnelCreated);
                 } else if (!tunnel.getName().equals(binding.getConfig().getName())) {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelListFragment.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelListFragment.java
index f6e99759..1b1b01fe 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelListFragment.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/fragment/TunnelListFragment.java
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
 import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener;
 
 import com.wireguard.android.Application;
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationComponent;
 import com.wireguard.android.R;
 import com.wireguard.android.activity.TunnelCreatorActivity;
 import com.wireguard.android.databinding.TunnelListFragmentBinding;
@@ -70,9 +69,7 @@ public class TunnelListFragment extends BaseFragment {
     private final MultiChoiceModeListener actionModeListener = new ActionModeListener();
     private final ListViewCallbacks listViewCallbacks = new ListViewCallbacks();
     private ActionMode actionMode;
-    private AsyncWorker asyncWorker;
     private TunnelListFragmentBinding binding;
-    private TunnelManager tunnelManager;
 
     public boolean collapseActionMenu() {
         if (binding.createMenu.isExpanded()) {
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ public class TunnelListFragment extends BaseFragment {
 
         final Collection<CompletableFuture<Tunnel>> futureTunnels = new ArrayList<>();
         final List<Throwable> throwables = new ArrayList<>();
-        asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> {
+        Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
             final String[] columns = {OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};
             String name = null;
             try (Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, columns,
@@ -137,11 +134,11 @@ public class TunnelListFragment extends BaseFragment {
                             throwables.add(e);
                         }
                         if (config != null)
-                            futureTunnels.add(tunnelManager.create(name, config).toCompletableFuture());
+                            futureTunnels.add(Application.getTunnelManager().create(name, config).toCompletableFuture());
                     }
                 }
             } else {
-                futureTunnels.add(tunnelManager.create(name,
+                futureTunnels.add(Application.getTunnelManager().create(name,
                         Config.from(contentResolver.openInputStream(uri))).toCompletableFuture());
             }
 
@@ -190,9 +187,6 @@ public class TunnelListFragment extends BaseFragment {
     @Override
     public void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        final ApplicationComponent applicationComponent = Application.getComponent();
-        asyncWorker = applicationComponent.getAsyncWorker();
-        tunnelManager = applicationComponent.getTunnelManager();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -284,7 +278,7 @@ public class TunnelListFragment extends BaseFragment {
     public void onViewStateRestored(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onViewStateRestored(savedInstanceState);
         binding.setFragment(this);
-        binding.setTunnels(tunnelManager.getTunnels());
+        binding.setTunnels(Application.getTunnelManager().getTunnels());
     }
 
     private final class ActionModeListener implements MultiChoiceModeListener {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/model/TunnelManager.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/model/TunnelManager.java
index 91d98842..6747d449 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/model/TunnelManager.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/model/TunnelManager.java
@@ -9,19 +9,16 @@ package com.wireguard.android.model;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.databinding.BaseObservable;
 import android.databinding.Bindable;
 import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
 
 import com.wireguard.android.Application;
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationScope;
 import com.wireguard.android.BR;
 import com.wireguard.android.backend.Backend;
 import com.wireguard.android.configStore.ConfigStore;
 import com.wireguard.android.model.Tunnel.State;
 import com.wireguard.android.model.Tunnel.Statistics;
-import com.wireguard.android.util.AsyncWorker;
 import com.wireguard.android.util.ExceptionLoggers;
 import com.wireguard.android.util.ObservableKeyedList;
 import com.wireguard.android.util.ObservableSortedKeyedArrayList;
@@ -33,8 +30,6 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.Set;
 
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-
 import java9.util.Comparators;
 import java9.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java9.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
@@ -45,7 +40,6 @@ import java9.util.stream.StreamSupport;
  * Maintains and mediates changes to the set of available WireGuard tunnels,
  */
 
-@ApplicationScope
 public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     private static final Comparator<String> COMPARATOR = Comparators.<String>thenComparing(
             String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER, Comparators.naturalOrder());
@@ -53,23 +47,17 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     private static final String KEY_RESTORE_ON_BOOT = "restore_on_boot";
     private static final String KEY_RUNNING_TUNNELS = "enabled_configs";
 
-    private final AsyncWorker asyncWorker;
     private final Backend backend;
     private final ConfigStore configStore;
-    private final SharedPreferences preferences;
     private final ObservableSortedKeyedList<String, Tunnel> tunnels =
             new ObservableSortedKeyedArrayList<>(COMPARATOR);
     private Tunnel lastUsedTunnel;
     private boolean haveLoaded;
     private final ArrayList<CompletableFuture<Void>> delayedLoadRestoreTunnels = new ArrayList<>();
 
-    @Inject
-    public TunnelManager(final AsyncWorker asyncWorker, final Backend backend,
-                         final ConfigStore configStore, final SharedPreferences preferences) {
-        this.asyncWorker = asyncWorker;
+    public TunnelManager(final Backend backend, final ConfigStore configStore) {
         this.backend = backend;
         this.configStore = configStore;
-        this.preferences = preferences;
     }
 
     private Tunnel addToList(final String name, final Config config, final State state) {
@@ -85,7 +73,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
             final String message = "Tunnel " + name + " already exists";
             return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(new IllegalArgumentException(message));
         }
-        return asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> configStore.create(name, config))
+        return Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> configStore.create(name, config))
                 .thenApply(savedConfig -> addToList(name, savedConfig, State.DOWN));
     }
 
@@ -96,7 +84,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
         if (wasLastUsed)
             setLastUsedTunnel(null);
         tunnels.remove(tunnel);
-        return asyncWorker.runAsync(() -> {
+        return Application.getAsyncWorker().runAsync(() -> {
             if (originalState == State.UP)
                 backend.setState(tunnel, State.DOWN);
             try {
@@ -123,17 +111,17 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     }
 
     CompletionStage<Config> getTunnelConfig(final Tunnel tunnel) {
-        return asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> configStore.load(tunnel.getName()))
+        return Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> configStore.load(tunnel.getName()))
                 .thenApply(tunnel::onConfigChanged);
     }
 
     CompletionStage<State> getTunnelState(final Tunnel tunnel) {
-        return asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> backend.getState(tunnel))
+        return Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> backend.getState(tunnel))
                 .thenApply(tunnel::onStateChanged);
     }
 
     CompletionStage<Statistics> getTunnelStatistics(final Tunnel tunnel) {
-        return asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> backend.getStatistics(tunnel))
+        return Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> backend.getStatistics(tunnel))
                 .thenApply(tunnel::onStatisticsChanged);
     }
 
@@ -142,8 +130,8 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     }
 
     public void onCreate() {
-        asyncWorker.supplyAsync(configStore::enumerate)
-                .thenAcceptBoth(asyncWorker.supplyAsync(backend::enumerate), this::onTunnelsLoaded)
+        Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(configStore::enumerate)
+                .thenAcceptBoth(Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(backend::enumerate), this::onTunnelsLoaded)
                 .whenComplete(ExceptionLoggers.E);
     }
 
@@ -151,7 +139,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     private void onTunnelsLoaded(final Iterable<String> present, final Collection<String> running) {
         for (final String name : present)
             addToList(name, null, running.contains(name) ? State.UP : State.DOWN);
-        final String lastUsedName = preferences.getString(KEY_LAST_USED_TUNNEL, null);
+        final String lastUsedName = Application.getSharedPreferences().getString(KEY_LAST_USED_TUNNEL, null);
         if (lastUsedName != null)
             setLastUsedTunnel(tunnels.get(lastUsedName));
         final CompletableFuture<Void>[] toComplete;
@@ -171,7 +159,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     }
 
     public void refreshTunnelStates() {
-        asyncWorker.supplyAsync(backend::enumerate)
+        Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(backend::enumerate)
                 .thenAccept(running -> {
                     for (final Tunnel tunnel : tunnels)
                         tunnel.onStateChanged(running.contains(tunnel.getName()) ? State.UP : State.DOWN);
@@ -180,7 +168,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     }
 
     public CompletionStage<Void> restoreState(final boolean force) {
-        if (!force && !preferences.getBoolean(KEY_RESTORE_ON_BOOT, false))
+        if (!force && !Application.getSharedPreferences().getBoolean(KEY_RESTORE_ON_BOOT, false))
             return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
         synchronized (delayedLoadRestoreTunnels) {
             if (!haveLoaded) {
@@ -189,7 +177,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
                 return f;
             }
         }
-        final Set<String> previouslyRunning = preferences.getStringSet(KEY_RUNNING_TUNNELS, null);
+        final Set<String> previouslyRunning = Application.getSharedPreferences().getStringSet(KEY_RUNNING_TUNNELS, null);
         if (previouslyRunning == null)
             return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
         return CompletableFuture.allOf(StreamSupport.stream(tunnels)
@@ -203,7 +191,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
                 .filter(tunnel -> tunnel.getState() == State.UP)
                 .map(Tunnel::getName)
                 .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableSet());
-        preferences.edit().putStringSet(KEY_RUNNING_TUNNELS, runningTunnels).apply();
+        Application.getSharedPreferences().edit().putStringSet(KEY_RUNNING_TUNNELS, runningTunnels).apply();
     }
 
     private void setLastUsedTunnel(final Tunnel tunnel) {
@@ -212,13 +200,13 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
         lastUsedTunnel = tunnel;
         notifyPropertyChanged(BR.lastUsedTunnel);
         if (tunnel != null)
-            preferences.edit().putString(KEY_LAST_USED_TUNNEL, tunnel.getName()).apply();
+            Application.getSharedPreferences().edit().putString(KEY_LAST_USED_TUNNEL, tunnel.getName()).apply();
         else
-            preferences.edit().remove(KEY_LAST_USED_TUNNEL).apply();
+            Application.getSharedPreferences().edit().remove(KEY_LAST_USED_TUNNEL).apply();
     }
 
     CompletionStage<Config> setTunnelConfig(final Tunnel tunnel, final Config config) {
-        return asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> {
+        return Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
             final Config appliedConfig = backend.applyConfig(tunnel, config);
             return configStore.save(tunnel.getName(), appliedConfig);
         }).thenApply(tunnel::onConfigChanged);
@@ -237,7 +225,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
         if (wasLastUsed)
             setLastUsedTunnel(null);
         tunnels.remove(tunnel);
-        return asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> {
+        return Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
             if (originalState == State.UP)
                 backend.setState(tunnel, State.DOWN);
             configStore.rename(tunnel.getName(), name);
@@ -259,7 +247,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     CompletionStage<State> setTunnelState(final Tunnel tunnel, final State state) {
         // Ensure the configuration is loaded before trying to use it.
         return tunnel.getConfigAsync().thenCompose(x ->
-                asyncWorker.supplyAsync(() -> backend.setState(tunnel, state))
+                Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> backend.setState(tunnel, state))
         ).whenComplete((newState, e) -> {
             // Ensure onStateChanged is always called (failure or not), and with the correct state.
             tunnel.onStateChanged(e == null ? newState : tunnel.getState());
@@ -272,7 +260,7 @@ public final class TunnelManager extends BaseObservable {
     public static final class IntentReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
-            final TunnelManager manager = Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager();
+            final TunnelManager manager = Application.getTunnelManager();
             if (intent == null)
                 return;
             final String action = intent.getAction();
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/LogExporterPreference.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/LogExporterPreference.java
index 4770c4b3..36cc513e 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/LogExporterPreference.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/LogExporterPreference.java
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class LogExporterPreference extends Preference {
     }
 
     private void exportLog() {
-        Application.getComponent().getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
+        Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
             final File path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS);
             final File file = new File(path, "wireguard-log.txt");
             if (!path.isDirectory() && !path.mkdirs())
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ToolsInstallerPreference.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ToolsInstallerPreference.java
index 0d04641c..f8cab060 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ToolsInstallerPreference.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ToolsInstallerPreference.java
@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@ import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.util.AttributeSet;
 
 import com.wireguard.android.Application;
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationComponent;
 import com.wireguard.android.R;
-import com.wireguard.android.util.AsyncWorker;
-import com.wireguard.android.util.ToolsInstaller;
 
 /**
  * Preference implementing a button that asynchronously runs {@code ToolsInstaller} and displays the
@@ -24,16 +21,10 @@ import com.wireguard.android.util.ToolsInstaller;
  */
 
 public class ToolsInstallerPreference extends Preference {
-    private final AsyncWorker asyncWorker;
-    private final ToolsInstaller toolsInstaller;
     private State state = State.INITIAL;
 
-    @SuppressWarnings({"SameParameterValue", "WeakerAccess"})
     public ToolsInstallerPreference(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
         super(context, attrs);
-        final ApplicationComponent applicationComponent = Application.getComponent();
-        asyncWorker = applicationComponent.getAsyncWorker();
-        toolsInstaller = applicationComponent.getToolsInstaller();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -49,7 +40,7 @@ public class ToolsInstallerPreference extends Preference {
     @Override
     public void onAttached() {
         super.onAttached();
-        asyncWorker.supplyAsync(toolsInstaller::areInstalled).whenComplete(this::onCheckResult);
+        Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(Application.getToolsInstaller()::areInstalled).whenComplete(this::onCheckResult);
     }
 
     private void onCheckResult(final Integer result, final Throwable throwable) {
@@ -60,7 +51,7 @@ public class ToolsInstallerPreference extends Preference {
     @Override
     protected void onClick() {
         setState(workingState());
-        asyncWorker.supplyAsync(toolsInstaller::install).whenComplete(this::onInstallResult);
+        Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(Application.getToolsInstaller()::install).whenComplete(this::onInstallResult);
     }
 
     private void onInstallResult(final Integer result, final Throwable throwable) {
@@ -86,13 +77,13 @@ public class ToolsInstallerPreference extends Preference {
     }
 
     private State initialState() {
-        return toolsInstaller.willInstallAsMagiskModule(false) ? State.INITIAL_MAGISK : State.INITIAL_SYSTEM;
+        return Application.getToolsInstaller().willInstallAsMagiskModule(false) ? State.INITIAL_MAGISK : State.INITIAL_SYSTEM;
     }
     private State workingState() {
-        return toolsInstaller.willInstallAsMagiskModule(false) ? State.WORKING_MAGISK : State.WORKING_SYSTEM;
+        return Application.getToolsInstaller().willInstallAsMagiskModule(false) ? State.WORKING_MAGISK : State.WORKING_SYSTEM;
     }
     private State successState() {
-        return toolsInstaller.willInstallAsMagiskModule(false) ? State.SUCCESS_MAGISK : State.SUCCESS_SYSTEM;
+        return Application.getToolsInstaller().willInstallAsMagiskModule(false) ? State.SUCCESS_MAGISK : State.SUCCESS_SYSTEM;
     }
 
     private enum State {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/VersionPreference.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/VersionPreference.java
index 2cce769d..c42fe32a 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/VersionPreference.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/VersionPreference.java
@@ -16,28 +16,23 @@ import com.wireguard.android.BuildConfig;
 import com.wireguard.android.R;
 import com.wireguard.android.backend.GoBackend;
 import com.wireguard.android.backend.WgQuickBackend;
-import com.wireguard.android.util.RootShell;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-
-import java9.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
-
 public class VersionPreference extends Preference {
     private String versionSummary;
 
     public VersionPreference(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
         super(context, attrs);
 
-        if (Application.getComponent().getBackendType() == GoBackend.class) {
+        if (Application.getBackendType() == GoBackend.class) {
             versionSummary = getContext().getString(R.string.version_userspace_summary, GoBackend.getVersion());
-        } else if (Application.getComponent().getBackendType() == WgQuickBackend.class) {
+        } else if (Application.getBackendType() == WgQuickBackend.class) {
             versionSummary = getContext().getString(R.string.version_kernel_summary_checking);
-            Application.getComponent().getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
+            Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
                 final List<String> output = new ArrayList<>();
-                if (Application.getComponent().getRootShell()
+                if (Application.getRootShell()
                         .run(output, "cat /sys/module/wireguard/version") != 0 || output.isEmpty())
                     throw new RuntimeException("Unable to determine kernel module version");
                 return output.get(0);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ZipExporterPreference.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ZipExporterPreference.java
index 7625dec1..98ab6eb3 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ZipExporterPreference.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/preference/ZipExporterPreference.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class ZipExporterPreference extends Preference {
     }
 
     private void exportZip() {
-        final List<Tunnel> tunnels = new ArrayList<>(Application.getComponent().getTunnelManager().getTunnels());
+        final List<Tunnel> tunnels = new ArrayList<>(Application.getTunnelManager().getTunnels());
         final List<CompletableFuture<Config>> futureConfigs = new ArrayList<>(tunnels.size());
         for (final Tunnel tunnel : tunnels)
             futureConfigs.add(tunnel.getConfigAsync().toCompletableFuture());
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public class ZipExporterPreference extends Preference {
             return;
         }
         CompletableFuture.allOf(futureConfigs.toArray(new CompletableFuture[futureConfigs.size()]))
-                .whenComplete((ignored1, exception) -> Application.getComponent().getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
+                .whenComplete((ignored1, exception) -> Application.getAsyncWorker().supplyAsync(() -> {
                     if (exception != null)
                         throw exception;
                     final File path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/AsyncWorker.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/AsyncWorker.java
index 16eda82e..a15613a9 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/AsyncWorker.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/AsyncWorker.java
@@ -8,13 +8,8 @@ package com.wireguard.android.util;
 
 import android.os.Handler;
 
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationHandler;
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationScope;
-
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-
 import java9.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java9.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
 
@@ -22,13 +17,11 @@ import java9.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
  * Helper class for running asynchronous tasks and ensuring they are completed on the main thread.
  */
 
-@ApplicationScope
 public class AsyncWorker {
     private final Executor executor;
     private final Handler handler;
 
-    @Inject
-    AsyncWorker(final Executor executor, @ApplicationHandler final Handler handler) {
+    public AsyncWorker(final Executor executor, final Handler handler) {
         this.executor = executor;
         this.handler = handler;
     }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/RootShell.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/RootShell.java
index 7a73929c..a90ff82e 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/RootShell.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/RootShell.java
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ package com.wireguard.android.util;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationContext;
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationScope;
 import com.wireguard.android.R;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
@@ -23,13 +21,10 @@ import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-
 /**
  * Helper class for running commands as root.
  */
 
-@ApplicationScope
 public class RootShell {
     private static final String SU = "su";
     private static final String TAG = "WireGuard/" + RootShell.class.getSimpleName();
@@ -44,8 +39,7 @@ public class RootShell {
     private OutputStreamWriter stdin;
     private BufferedReader stdout;
 
-    @Inject
-    public RootShell(@ApplicationContext final Context context) {
+    public RootShell(final Context context) {
         deviceNotRootedMessage = context.getString(R.string.error_root);
         final File cacheDir = context.getCacheDir();
         localBinaryDir = new File(cacheDir, "bin");
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/ToolsInstaller.java b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/ToolsInstaller.java
index d4a96f84..dbd3085e 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/ToolsInstaller.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/wireguard/android/util/ToolsInstaller.java
@@ -11,27 +11,19 @@ import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.wireguard.android.Application;
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationContext;
-import com.wireguard.android.Application.ApplicationScope;
 import com.wireguard.android.BuildConfig;
 import com.wireguard.android.util.RootShell.NoRootException;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-
-import java9.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
-
 /**
  * Helper to install WireGuard tools to the system partition.
  */
 
-@ApplicationScope
 public final class ToolsInstaller {
     private static final String[][] EXECUTABLES = {
             {"libwg.so", "wg"},
@@ -47,15 +39,12 @@ public final class ToolsInstaller {
     private final File localBinaryDir;
     private final Object lock = new Object();
     private final File nativeLibraryDir;
-    private final RootShell rootShell;
     private Boolean areToolsAvailable;
     private Boolean installAsMagiskModule;
 
-    @Inject
-    public ToolsInstaller(@ApplicationContext final Context context, final RootShell rootShell) {
+    public ToolsInstaller(final Context context) {
         localBinaryDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), "bin");
         nativeLibraryDir = new File(context.getApplicationInfo().nativeLibraryDir);
-        this.rootShell = rootShell;
     }
 
     private static File getInstallDir() {
@@ -82,7 +71,7 @@ public final class ToolsInstaller {
         }
         script.append("exit ").append(OsConstants.EALREADY).append(';');
         try {
-            return rootShell.run(null, script.toString());
+            return Application.getRootShell().run(null, script.toString());
         } catch (final IOException ignored) {
             return OsConstants.EXIT_FAILURE;
         }
@@ -114,7 +103,7 @@ public final class ToolsInstaller {
                 if (!checkForIt)
                     throw new RuntimeException("Expected to already know whether this is a Magisk system");
                 try {
-                    installAsMagiskModule = rootShell.run(null, "[ -d /sbin/.core/mirror -a -d /sbin/.core/img -a ! -f /cache/.disable_magisk ]") == OsConstants.EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                    installAsMagiskModule = Application.getRootShell().run(null, "[ -d /sbin/.core/mirror -a -d /sbin/.core/img -a ! -f /cache/.disable_magisk ]") == OsConstants.EXIT_SUCCESS;
                 } catch (final Exception ignored) {
                     installAsMagiskModule = false;
                 }
@@ -134,7 +123,7 @@ public final class ToolsInstaller {
                     new File(nativeLibraryDir, names[0]), destination, destination, destination));
         }
         try {
-            return rootShell.run(null, script.toString());
+            return Application.getRootShell().run(null, script.toString());
         } catch (final IOException ignored) {
             return OsConstants.EXIT_FAILURE;
         }
@@ -155,7 +144,7 @@ public final class ToolsInstaller {
         script.append("trap - INT TERM EXIT;");
 
         try {
-            return rootShell.run(null, script.toString());
+            return Application.getRootShell().run(null, script.toString());
         } catch (final IOException ignored) {
             return OsConstants.EXIT_FAILURE;
         }
@@ -182,7 +171,7 @@ public final class ToolsInstaller {
         script.append("exit ").append(OsConstants.EXIT_SUCCESS).append(';');
 
         try {
-            return rootShell.run(null, script.toString());
+            return Application.getRootShell().run(null, script.toString());
         } catch (final IOException ignored) {
             return OsConstants.EXIT_FAILURE;
         }