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+The `replace()` function replaces the given regular expression or plain
+string pattern on the given subject value with the specified replacement.
+
+In case a regular expression with the global (`g`) modifier set or a
+string is passed as pattern, all found occurrences are replaced. In case
+a regular expression without global modifier is given, only the first
+match will be replaced.
+
+The replacement value may be either a string, which is inserted in place
+of the matched result after certain interpolation steps or a function
+which is invoked for each match and whose return value is used as
+replacement.
+
+The subject is implicitly converted to a string if it is not a string.
+
+The pattern is implicitly converted to a string if it is neither a string
+nor a regular expression value.
+
+The replacement value is implicitly converted to a string if it is neither
+a string nor a function value.
+
+Returns a copy of the input string with the match(es) replaced by their
+corresponding replacement values.
+
+Returns `null` either the subject, the pattern or the replacement value
+is `null`.
+
+-- Testcase --
+{%
+ print(join("\n###\n", [
+ // Capitalize and reformat all key=value pairs using a callback
+ replace("kind=fruit name=strawberry color=red",
+ /([[:alpha:]])([[:alpha:]]*)=(.)([^= ]*) */g,
+ function(m, letter1, rest1, letter2, rest2) {
+ return sprintf('%s%s: %s%s\n',
+ uc(letter1), rest1,
+ uc(letter2), rest2
+ );
+ }),
+
+ // strike any three letter word
+ replace("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
+ /(^| )([[:alpha:]]{3})( |$)/g,
+ "$1<s>$2</s>$3"),
+
+ // highlight any vowel
+ replace("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
+ /[aeiou]/g,
+ "[$&]"),
+
+ // replace with fixed pattern
+ replace("foo bar foo baz foo qrx", "foo", "xxx"),
+
+ // testing all possible replacement interpolations
+ replace("before abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz! after",
+ / ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z!]{3}) /,
+ '|\n---\n' +
+ 'Entire match ($$&): [$&]\n' +
+ 'Before match ($$`): [$`]\n' +
+ "After match ($$'): [$']\n" +
+ 'Group 1 match ($$1): [$1]\n' +
+ 'Group 2 match ($$2): [$2]\n' +
+ 'Group 3 match ($$3): [$3]\n' +
+ 'Group 4 match ($$4): [$4]\n' +
+ 'Group 5 match ($$5): [$5]\n' +
+ 'Group 6 match ($$6): [$6]\n' +
+ 'Group 7 match ($$7): [$7]\n' +
+ 'Group 8 match ($$8): [$8]\n' +
+ 'Group 9 match ($$9): [$9]\n' +
+ 'Literal $$: [$$]\n' +
+ '---\n|'),
+
+ // testing that all captures are passed to the callback
+ replace("before abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz! after",
+ / ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z]{3}) ([a-z!]{3}) /,
+ function(m0, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8, m9) {
+ return sprintf(
+ '|\n---\n' +
+ 'Entire match (arg 0): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 1 match (arg 1): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 2 match (arg 2): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 3 match (arg 3): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 4 match (arg 4): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 5 match (arg 5): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 6 match (arg 6): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 7 match (arg 7): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 8 match (arg 8): [%s]\n' +
+ 'Group 9 match (arg 9): [%s]\n' +
+ '---\n|',
+ m0, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8, m9
+ );
+ }),
+
+ // the subject is implictly stringified
+ replace({ foo: true }, "foo", "xxx"),
+
+ // the pattern is implictly stringified
+ replace({ foo: true }, true, "false"),
+
+ // the replacement is implictly stringified
+ replace({ foo: true }, "foo", 0x7b),
+
+ // special case: replace all empty matches
+ replace("foo", "", "."),
+ replace("foo", /()/g, ".")
+ ]), "\n");
+%}
+-- End --
+
+-- Expect stdout --
+Kind: Fruit
+Name: Strawberry
+Color: Red
+
+###
+<s>The</s> quick brown <s>fox</s> jumps over <s>the</s> lazy <s>dog</s>
+###
+Th[e] q[u][i]ck br[o]wn f[o]x j[u]mps [o]v[e]r th[e] l[a]zy d[o]g
+###
+xxx bar xxx baz xxx qrx
+###
+before |
+---
+Entire match ($&): [ abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz! ]
+Before match ($`): [before ]
+After match ($'): [ after]
+Group 1 match ($1): [abc]
+Group 2 match ($2): [def]
+Group 3 match ($3): [ghi]
+Group 4 match ($4): [jkl]
+Group 5 match ($5): [mno]
+Group 6 match ($6): [pqr]
+Group 7 match ($7): [stu]
+Group 8 match ($8): [vwx]
+Group 9 match ($9): [yz!]
+Literal $: [$]
+---
+| after
+###
+before |
+---
+Entire match (arg 0): [ abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz! ]
+Group 1 match (arg 1): [abc]
+Group 2 match (arg 2): [def]
+Group 3 match (arg 3): [ghi]
+Group 4 match (arg 4): [jkl]
+Group 5 match (arg 5): [mno]
+Group 6 match (arg 6): [pqr]
+Group 7 match (arg 7): [stu]
+Group 8 match (arg 8): [vwx]
+Group 9 match (arg 9): [yz!]
+---
+| after
+###
+{ "xxx": true }
+###
+{ "foo": false }
+###
+{ "123": true }
+###
+.f.o.o.
+###
+.f.o.o.
+-- End --
+
+
+Omitting subject, pattern or replacement yields `null`.
+
+-- Testcase --
+{%
+ printf("%.J\n", [
+ replace(null, "u", "x"),
+ replace("nullnull", null, "x"),
+ replace("foo", "o", null)
+ ]);
+%}
+-- End --
+
+-- Expect stdout --
+[
+ null,
+ null,
+ null
+]
+-- End --
+
+
+Exceptions in the callback terminate the replacement process and are
+propagated to the calling context.
+
+-- Testcase --
+{%
+ replace("foo", "o", function(m) { die() });
+%}
+-- End --
+
+-- Expect stderr --
+Died
+In [anonymous function](), line 2, byte 40:
+ called from function replace ([C])
+ called from anonymous function ([stdin]:2:43)
+
+ ` replace("foo", "o", function(m) { die() });`
+ Near here --------------------------------^
+
+
+-- End --