path: root/tests/test_pkey.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (C) 2003-2009  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>
#
# This file is part of paramiko.
#
# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA.

"""
Some unit tests for public/private key objects.
"""

import unittest
import os
import stat
from binascii import hexlify
from hashlib import md5
from io import StringIO

from paramiko import (
    RSAKey,
    DSSKey,
    ECDSAKey,
    Ed25519Key,
    Message,
    util,
    SSHException,
)
from paramiko.py3compat import b, bytes
from paramiko.common import o600, byte_chr

from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import RSAPrivateNumbers
from mock import patch, Mock
import pytest

from .util import _support, is_low_entropy, requires_sha1_signing


# from openssh's ssh-keygen
PUB_RSA = "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEA049W6geFpmsljTwfvI1UmKWWJPNFI74+vNKTk4dmzkQY2yAMs6FhlvhlI8ysU4oj71ZsRYMecHbBbxdN79+JRFVYTKaLqjwGENeTd+yv4q+V2PvZv3fLnzApI3l7EJCqhWwJUHJ1jAkZzqDx0tyOL4uoZpww3nmE0kb3y21tH4c="  # noqa
PUB_DSS = "ssh-dss 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"  # noqa
PUB_ECDSA_256 = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBJSPZm3ZWkvk/Zx8WP+fZRZ5/NBBHnGQwR6uIC6XHGPDIHuWUzIjAwA0bzqkOUffEsbLe+uQgKl5kbc/L8KA/eo="  # noqa
PUB_ECDSA_384 = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAzODQAAAAIbmlzdHAzODQAAABhBBbGibQLW9AAZiGN2hEQxWYYoFaWKwN3PKSaDJSMqmIn1Z9sgRUuw8Y/w502OGvXL/wFk0i2z50l3pWZjD7gfMH7gX5TUiCzwrQkS+Hn1U2S9aF5WJp0NcIzYxXw2r4M2A=="  # noqa
PUB_ECDSA_521 = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHA1MjEAAAAIbmlzdHA1MjEAAACFBACaOaFLZGuxa5AW16qj6VLypFbLrEWrt9AZUloCMefxO8bNLjK/O5g0rAVasar1TnyHE9qj4NwzANZASWjQNbc4MAG8vzqezFwLIn/kNyNTsXNfqEko9OgHZknlj2Z79dwTJcRAL4QLcT5aND0EHZLB2fAUDXiWIb2j4rg1mwPlBMiBXA=="  # noqa
PUB_RSA_2K_OPENSSH = "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDF+Dpr54DX0WdeTDpNAMdkCWEkl3OXtNgf58qlN1gX572OLBqLf0zT4bHstUEpU3piazph/rSWcUMuBoD46tZ6jiH7H9b9Pem2eYQWaELDDkM+v9BMbEy5rMbFRLol5OtEvPFqneyEAanPOgvd8t3yyhSev9QVusakzJ8j8LGgrA8huYZ+Srnw0shEWLG70KUKCh3rG0QIvA8nfhtUOisr2Gp+F0YxMGb5gwBlQYAYE5l6u1SjZ7hNjyNosjK+wRBFgFFBYVpkZKJgWoK9w4ijFyzMZTucnZMqKOKAjIJvHfKBf2/cEfYxSq1EndqTqjYsd9T7/s2vcn1OH5a0wkER"  # noqa
RSA_2K_OPENSSH_P = 161773687847617758886803946572654778625119997081005961935077336594287351354258259920334554906235187683459069634729972458348855793639393524799865799559575414247668746919721196359908321800753913350455861871582087986355637886875933045224711827701526739934602161222599672381604211130651397331775901258858869418853  # noqa
RSA_2K_OPENSSH_Q = 154483416325630619558401349033571772244816915504195060221073502923720741119664820208064202825686848103224453777955988437823797692957091438442833606009978046057345917301441832647551208158342812551003395417862260727795454409459089912659057393394458150862012620127030757893820711157099494238156383382454310199869  # noqa
PUB_DSS_1K_OPENSSH = "ssh-dss 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"  # noqa
PUB_EC_384_OPENSSH = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAzODQAAAAIbmlzdHAzODQAAABhBIch5LXTq/L/TWsTGG6dIktxD8DIMh7EfvoRmWsks6CuNDTvFvbQNtY4QO1mn5OXegHbS0M5DPIS++wpKGFP3suDEH08O35vZQasLNrL0tO2jyyEnzB2ZEx3PPYci811yg=="  # noqa

FINGER_RSA = "1024 60:73:38:44:cb:51:86:65:7f:de:da:a2:2b:5a:57:d5"
FINGER_DSS = "1024 44:78:f0:b9:a2:3c:c5:18:20:09:ff:75:5b:c1:d2:6c"
FINGER_ECDSA_256 = "256 25:19:eb:55:e6:a1:47:ff:4f:38:d2:75:6f:a5:d5:60"
FINGER_ECDSA_384 = "384 c1:8d:a0:59:09:47:41:8e:a8:a6:07:01:29:23:b4:65"
FINGER_ECDSA_521 = "521 44:58:22:52:12:33:16:0e:ce:0e:be:2c:7c:7e:cc:1e"
SIGNED_RSA = "20:d7:8a:31:21:cb:f7:92:12:f2:a4:89:37:f5:78:af:e6:16:b6:25:b9:97:3d:a2:cd:5f:ca:20:21:73:4c:ad:34:73:8f:20:77:28:e2:94:15:08:d8:91:40:7a:85:83:bf:18:37:95:dc:54:1a:9b:88:29:6c:73:ca:38:b4:04:f1:56:b9:f2:42:9d:52:1b:29:29:b4:4f:fd:c9:2d:af:47:d2:40:76:30:f3:63:45:0c:d9:1d:43:86:0f:1c:70:e2:93:12:34:f3:ac:c5:0a:2f:14:50:66:59:f1:88:ee:c1:4a:e9:d1:9c:4e:46:f0:0e:47:6f:38:74:f1:44:a8"  # noqa
SIGNED_RSA_256 = "cc:6:60:e0:0:2c:ac:9e:26:bc:d5:68:64:3f:9f:a7:e5:aa:41:eb:88:4a:25:5:9c:93:84:66:ef:ef:60:f4:34:fb:f4:c8:3d:55:33:6a:77:bd:b2:ee:83:f:71:27:41:7e:f5:7:5:0:a9:4c:7:80:6f:be:76:67:cb:58:35:b9:2b:f3:c2:d3:3c:ee:e1:3f:59:e0:fa:e4:5c:92:ed:ae:74:de:d:d6:27:16:8f:84:a3:86:68:c:94:90:7d:6e:cc:81:12:d8:b6:ad:aa:31:a8:13:3d:63:81:3e:bb:5:b6:38:4d:2:d:1b:5b:70:de:83:cc:3a:cb:31"  # noqa
SIGNED_RSA_512 = "87:46:8b:75:92:33:78:a0:22:35:32:39:23:c6:ab:e1:6:92:ad:bc:7f:6e:ab:19:32:e4:78:b2:2c:8f:1d:c:65:da:fc:a5:7:ca:b6:55:55:31:83:b1:a0:af:d1:95:c5:2e:af:56:ba:f5:41:64:f:39:9d:af:82:43:22:8f:90:52:9d:89:e7:45:97:df:f3:f2:bc:7b:3a:db:89:e:34:fd:18:62:25:1b:ef:77:aa:c6:6c:99:36:3a:84:d6:9c:2a:34:8c:7f:f4:bb:c9:a5:9a:6c:11:f2:cf:da:51:5e:1e:7f:90:27:34:de:b2:f3:15:4f:db:47:32:6b:a7"  # noqa
FINGER_RSA_2K_OPENSSH = "2048 68:d1:72:01:bf:c0:0c:66:97:78:df:ce:75:74:46:d6"
FINGER_DSS_1K_OPENSSH = "1024 cf:1d:eb:d7:61:d3:12:94:c6:c0:c6:54:35:35:b0:82"
FINGER_EC_384_OPENSSH = "384 72:14:df:c1:9a:c3:e6:0e:11:29:d6:32:18:7b:ea:9b"

RSA_PRIVATE_OUT = """\
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""

DSS_PRIVATE_OUT = """\
-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""

ECDSA_PRIVATE_OUT_256 = """\
-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
MHcCAQEEIKB6ty3yVyKEnfF/zprx0qwC76MsMlHY4HXCnqho2eKioAoGCCqGSM49
AwEHoUQDQgAElI9mbdlaS+T9nHxY/59lFnn80EEecZDBHq4gLpccY8Mge5ZTMiMD
ADRvOqQ5R98Sxst765CAqXmRtz8vwoD96g==
-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
"""

ECDSA_PRIVATE_OUT_384 = """\
-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
MIGkAgEBBDBDdO8IXvlLJgM7+sNtPl7tI7FM5kzuEUEEPRjXIPQM7mISciwJPBt+
y43EuG8nL4mgBwYFK4EEACKhZANiAAQWxom0C1vQAGYhjdoREMVmGKBWlisDdzyk
mgyUjKpiJ9WfbIEVLsPGP8OdNjhr1y/8BZNIts+dJd6VmYw+4HzB+4F+U1Igs8K0
JEvh59VNkvWheViadDXCM2MV8Nq+DNg=
-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
"""

ECDSA_PRIVATE_OUT_521 = """\
-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
MIHcAgEBBEIAprQtAS3OF6iVUkT8IowTHWicHzShGgk86EtuEXvfQnhZFKsWm6Jo
iqAr1yEaiuI9LfB3Xs8cjuhgEEfbduYr/f6gBwYFK4EEACOhgYkDgYYABACaOaFL
ZGuxa5AW16qj6VLypFbLrEWrt9AZUloCMefxO8bNLjK/O5g0rAVasar1TnyHE9qj
4NwzANZASWjQNbc4MAG8vzqezFwLIn/kNyNTsXNfqEko9OgHZknlj2Z79dwTJcRA
L4QLcT5aND0EHZLB2fAUDXiWIb2j4rg1mwPlBMiBXA==
-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
"""

x1234 = b"\x01\x02\x03\x04"

TEST_KEY_BYTESTR = "\x00\x00\x00\x07ssh-rsa\x00\x00\x00\x01#\x00\x00\x00\x00ӏV\x07k%<\x1fT$E#>ғfD\x18 \x0cae#̬S#VlE\x1epvo\x17M߉DUXL<\x06\x10דw\u2bd5ٿw˟0)#y{\x10l\tPru\t\x19Π\u070e/f0yFmm\x1f"  # noqa


class KeyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        pass

    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def assert_keyfile_is_encrypted(self, keyfile):
        """
        A quick check that filename looks like an encrypted key.
        """
        with open(keyfile, "r") as fh:
            self.assertEqual(
                fh.readline()[:-1], "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"
            )
            self.assertEqual(fh.readline()[:-1], "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED")
            self.assertEqual(fh.readline()[0:10], "DEK-Info: ")

    def test_generate_key_bytes(self):
        key = util.generate_key_bytes(md5, x1234, "happy birthday", 30)
        exp = b"\x61\xE1\xF2\x72\xF4\xC1\xC4\x56\x15\x86\xBD\x32\x24\x98\xC0\xE9\x24\x67\x27\x80\xF4\x7B\xB3\x7D\xDA\x7D\x54\x01\x9E\x64"  # noqa
        self.assertEqual(exp, key)

    def test_load_rsa(self):
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_rsa.key"))
        self.assertEqual("ssh-rsa", key.get_name())
        exp_rsa = b(FINGER_RSA.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_rsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_rsa, my_rsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_RSA.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(1024, key.get_bits())

        s = StringIO()
        key.write_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(RSA_PRIVATE_OUT, s.getvalue())
        s.seek(0)
        key2 = RSAKey.from_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(key, key2)

    def test_load_rsa_transmutes_crypto_exceptions(self):
        # TODO: nix unittest for pytest
        for exception in (TypeError("onoz"), UnsupportedAlgorithm("oops")):
            with patch(
                "paramiko.rsakey.serialization.load_der_private_key"
            ) as loader:
                loader.side_effect = exception
                with pytest.raises(SSHException, match=str(exception)):
                    RSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_rsa.key"))

    def test_loading_empty_keys_errors_usefully(self):
        # #1599 - raise SSHException instead of IndexError
        with pytest.raises(SSHException, match="no lines"):
            RSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("blank_rsa.key"))

    def test_load_rsa_password(self):
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_rsa_password.key"), "television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ssh-rsa", key.get_name())
        exp_rsa = b(FINGER_RSA.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_rsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_rsa, my_rsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_RSA.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(1024, key.get_bits())

    def test_load_dss(self):
        key = DSSKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_dss.key"))
        self.assertEqual("ssh-dss", key.get_name())
        exp_dss = b(FINGER_DSS.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_dss = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_dss, my_dss)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_DSS.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(1024, key.get_bits())

        s = StringIO()
        key.write_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(DSS_PRIVATE_OUT, s.getvalue())
        s.seek(0)
        key2 = DSSKey.from_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(key, key2)

    def test_load_dss_password(self):
        key = DSSKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_dss_password.key"), "television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ssh-dss", key.get_name())
        exp_dss = b(FINGER_DSS.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_dss = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_dss, my_dss)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_DSS.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(1024, key.get_bits())

    def test_compare_rsa(self):
        # verify that the private & public keys compare equal
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_rsa.key"))
        self.assertEqual(key, key)
        pub = RSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(key.can_sign())
        self.assertTrue(not pub.can_sign())
        self.assertEqual(key, pub)

    def test_compare_dss(self):
        # verify that the private & public keys compare equal
        key = DSSKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_dss.key"))
        self.assertEqual(key, key)
        pub = DSSKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(key.can_sign())
        self.assertTrue(not pub.can_sign())
        self.assertEqual(key, pub)

    def _sign_and_verify_rsa(self, algorithm, saved_sig):
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_rsa.key"))
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"ice weasels", algorithm)
        assert isinstance(msg, Message)
        msg.rewind()
        assert msg.get_text() == algorithm
        expected = bytes().join(
            [byte_chr(int(x, 16)) for x in saved_sig.split(":")]
        )
        assert msg.get_binary() == expected
        msg.rewind()
        pub = RSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(pub.verify_ssh_sig(b"ice weasels", msg))

    @requires_sha1_signing
    def test_sign_and_verify_ssh_rsa(self):
        self._sign_and_verify_rsa("ssh-rsa", SIGNED_RSA)

    def test_sign_and_verify_rsa_sha2_512(self):
        self._sign_and_verify_rsa("rsa-sha2-512", SIGNED_RSA_512)

    def test_sign_and_verify_rsa_sha2_256(self):
        self._sign_and_verify_rsa("rsa-sha2-256", SIGNED_RSA_256)

    def test_sign_dss(self):
        # verify that the dss private key can sign and verify
        key = DSSKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_dss.key"))
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"ice weasels")
        self.assertTrue(type(msg) is Message)
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertEqual("ssh-dss", msg.get_text())
        # can't do the same test as we do for RSA, because DSS signatures
        # are usually different each time.  but we can test verification
        # anyway so it's ok.
        self.assertEqual(40, len(msg.get_binary()))
        msg.rewind()
        pub = DSSKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(pub.verify_ssh_sig(b"ice weasels", msg))

    @requires_sha1_signing
    def test_generate_rsa(self):
        key = RSAKey.generate(1024)
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"jerri blank")
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertTrue(key.verify_ssh_sig(b"jerri blank", msg))

    def test_generate_dss(self):
        key = DSSKey.generate(1024)
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"jerri blank")
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertTrue(key.verify_ssh_sig(b"jerri blank", msg))

    def test_generate_ecdsa(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.generate()
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"jerri blank")
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertTrue(key.verify_ssh_sig(b"jerri blank", msg))
        self.assertEqual(key.get_bits(), 256)
        self.assertEqual(key.get_name(), "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256")

        key = ECDSAKey.generate(bits=256)
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"jerri blank")
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertTrue(key.verify_ssh_sig(b"jerri blank", msg))
        self.assertEqual(key.get_bits(), 256)
        self.assertEqual(key.get_name(), "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256")

        key = ECDSAKey.generate(bits=384)
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"jerri blank")
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertTrue(key.verify_ssh_sig(b"jerri blank", msg))
        self.assertEqual(key.get_bits(), 384)
        self.assertEqual(key.get_name(), "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384")

        key = ECDSAKey.generate(bits=521)
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"jerri blank")
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertTrue(key.verify_ssh_sig(b"jerri blank", msg))
        self.assertEqual(key.get_bits(), 521)
        self.assertEqual(key.get_name(), "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521")

    def test_load_ecdsa_256(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_256.key"))
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", key.get_name())
        exp_ecdsa = b(FINGER_ECDSA_256.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_ecdsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_ecdsa, my_ecdsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_ECDSA_256.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(256, key.get_bits())

        s = StringIO()
        key.write_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(ECDSA_PRIVATE_OUT_256, s.getvalue())
        s.seek(0)
        key2 = ECDSAKey.from_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(key, key2)

    def test_load_ecdsa_password_256(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ecdsa_password_256.key"), b"television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", key.get_name())
        exp_ecdsa = b(FINGER_ECDSA_256.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_ecdsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_ecdsa, my_ecdsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_ECDSA_256.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(256, key.get_bits())

    def test_compare_ecdsa_256(self):
        # verify that the private & public keys compare equal
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_256.key"))
        self.assertEqual(key, key)
        pub = ECDSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(key.can_sign())
        self.assertTrue(not pub.can_sign())
        self.assertEqual(key, pub)

    def test_sign_ecdsa_256(self):
        # verify that the rsa private key can sign and verify
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_256.key"))
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"ice weasels")
        self.assertTrue(type(msg) is Message)
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", msg.get_text())
        # ECDSA signatures, like DSS signatures, tend to be different
        # each time, so we can't compare against a "known correct"
        # signature.
        # Even the length of the signature can change.

        msg.rewind()
        pub = ECDSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(pub.verify_ssh_sig(b"ice weasels", msg))

    def test_load_ecdsa_384(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_384.key"))
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", key.get_name())
        exp_ecdsa = b(FINGER_ECDSA_384.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_ecdsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_ecdsa, my_ecdsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_ECDSA_384.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(384, key.get_bits())

        s = StringIO()
        key.write_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(ECDSA_PRIVATE_OUT_384, s.getvalue())
        s.seek(0)
        key2 = ECDSAKey.from_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(key, key2)

    def test_load_ecdsa_password_384(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ecdsa_password_384.key"), b"television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", key.get_name())
        exp_ecdsa = b(FINGER_ECDSA_384.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_ecdsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_ecdsa, my_ecdsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_ECDSA_384.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(384, key.get_bits())

    def test_load_ecdsa_transmutes_crypto_exceptions(self):
        path = _support("test_ecdsa_256.key")
        # TODO: nix unittest for pytest
        for exception in (TypeError("onoz"), UnsupportedAlgorithm("oops")):
            with patch(
                "paramiko.ecdsakey.serialization.load_der_private_key"
            ) as loader:
                loader.side_effect = exception
                with pytest.raises(SSHException, match=str(exception)):
                    ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)

    def test_compare_ecdsa_384(self):
        # verify that the private & public keys compare equal
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_384.key"))
        self.assertEqual(key, key)
        pub = ECDSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(key.can_sign())
        self.assertTrue(not pub.can_sign())
        self.assertEqual(key, pub)

    def test_sign_ecdsa_384(self):
        # verify that the rsa private key can sign and verify
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_384.key"))
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"ice weasels")
        self.assertTrue(type(msg) is Message)
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", msg.get_text())
        # ECDSA signatures, like DSS signatures, tend to be different
        # each time, so we can't compare against a "known correct"
        # signature.
        # Even the length of the signature can change.

        msg.rewind()
        pub = ECDSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(pub.verify_ssh_sig(b"ice weasels", msg))

    def test_load_ecdsa_521(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_521.key"))
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp521", key.get_name())
        exp_ecdsa = b(FINGER_ECDSA_521.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_ecdsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_ecdsa, my_ecdsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_ECDSA_521.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(521, key.get_bits())

        s = StringIO()
        key.write_private_key(s)
        # Different versions of OpenSSL (SSLeay versions 0x1000100f and
        # 0x1000207f for instance) use different apparently valid (as far as
        # ssh-keygen is concerned) padding. So we can't check the actual value
        # of the pem encoded key.
        s.seek(0)
        key2 = ECDSAKey.from_private_key(s)
        self.assertEqual(key, key2)

    def test_load_ecdsa_password_521(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ecdsa_password_521.key"), b"television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp521", key.get_name())
        exp_ecdsa = b(FINGER_ECDSA_521.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_ecdsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_ecdsa, my_ecdsa)
        self.assertEqual(PUB_ECDSA_521.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(521, key.get_bits())

    def test_compare_ecdsa_521(self):
        # verify that the private & public keys compare equal
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_521.key"))
        self.assertEqual(key, key)
        pub = ECDSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(key.can_sign())
        self.assertTrue(not pub.can_sign())
        self.assertEqual(key, pub)

    def test_sign_ecdsa_521(self):
        # verify that the rsa private key can sign and verify
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ecdsa_521.key"))
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(b"ice weasels")
        self.assertTrue(type(msg) is Message)
        msg.rewind()
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp521", msg.get_text())
        # ECDSA signatures, like DSS signatures, tend to be different
        # each time, so we can't compare against a "known correct"
        # signature.
        # Even the length of the signature can change.

        msg.rewind()
        pub = ECDSAKey(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(pub.verify_ssh_sig(b"ice weasels", msg))

    def test_load_openssh_format_RSA_key(self):
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_rsa_openssh.key"), b"television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ssh-rsa", key.get_name())
        self.assertEqual(PUB_RSA_2K_OPENSSH.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(2048, key.get_bits())
        exp_rsa = b(FINGER_RSA_2K_OPENSSH.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_rsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_rsa, my_rsa)

    def test_loading_openssh_RSA_keys_uses_correct_p_q(self):
        # Re #1723 - not the most elegant test but given how deep it is...
        with patch(
            "paramiko.rsakey.rsa.RSAPrivateNumbers", wraps=RSAPrivateNumbers
        ) as spy:
            # Load key
            RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
                _support("test_rsa_openssh.key"), b"television"
            )
            # Ensure spy saw the correct P and Q values as derived from
            # hardcoded test private key value
            kwargs = spy.call_args[1]
            assert kwargs["p"] == RSA_2K_OPENSSH_P
            assert kwargs["q"] == RSA_2K_OPENSSH_Q

    def test_load_openssh_format_DSS_key(self):
        key = DSSKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_dss_openssh.key"), b"television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ssh-dss", key.get_name())
        self.assertEqual(PUB_DSS_1K_OPENSSH.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(1024, key.get_bits())
        exp_rsa = b(FINGER_DSS_1K_OPENSSH.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_rsa = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_rsa, my_rsa)

    def test_load_openssh_format_EC_key(self):
        key = ECDSAKey.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ecdsa_384_openssh.key"), b"television"
        )
        self.assertEqual("ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", key.get_name())
        self.assertEqual(PUB_EC_384_OPENSSH.split()[1], key.get_base64())
        self.assertEqual(384, key.get_bits())
        exp_fp = b(FINGER_EC_384_OPENSSH.split()[1].replace(":", ""))
        my_fp = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
        self.assertEqual(exp_fp, my_fp)

    def test_salt_size(self):
        # Read an existing encrypted private key
        file_ = _support("test_rsa_password.key")
        password = "television"
        newfile = file_ + ".new"
        newpassword = "radio"
        key = RSAKey(filename=file_, password=password)
        # Write out a newly re-encrypted copy with a new password.
        # When the bug under test exists, this will ValueError.
        try:
            key.write_private_key_file(newfile, password=newpassword)
            self.assert_keyfile_is_encrypted(newfile)
            # Verify the inner key data still matches (when no ValueError)
            key2 = RSAKey(filename=newfile, password=newpassword)
            self.assertEqual(key, key2)
        finally:
            os.remove(newfile)

    def test_load_openssh_format_RSA_nopad(self):
        # check just not exploding with 'Invalid key'
        RSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_rsa_openssh_nopad.key"))

    def test_stringification(self):
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(_support("test_rsa.key"))
        comparable = TEST_KEY_BYTESTR
        self.assertEqual(str(key), comparable)

    def test_ed25519(self):
        key1 = Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ed25519.key"))
        key2 = Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ed25519_password.key"), b"abc123"
        )
        self.assertNotEqual(key1.asbytes(), key2.asbytes())

    def test_ed25519_funky_padding(self):
        # Proves #1306 by just not exploding with 'Invalid key'.
        Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ed25519-funky-padding.key")
        )

    def test_ed25519_funky_padding_with_passphrase(self):
        # Proves #1306 by just not exploding with 'Invalid key'.
        Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ed25519-funky-padding_password.key"), b"asdf"
        )

    def test_ed25519_compare(self):
        # verify that the private & public keys compare equal
        key = Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(_support("test_ed25519.key"))
        self.assertEqual(key, key)
        pub = Ed25519Key(data=key.asbytes())
        self.assertTrue(key.can_sign())
        self.assertTrue(not pub.can_sign())
        self.assertEqual(key, pub)

    # No point testing on systems that never exhibited the bug originally
    @pytest.mark.skipif(
        not is_low_entropy(), reason="Not a low-entropy system"
    )
    def test_ed25519_32bit_collision(self):
        # Re: 2021.10.19 security report email: two different private keys
        # which Paramiko compared as equal on low-entropy platforms.
        original = Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(
            _support("badhash_key1.ed25519.key")
        )
        generated = Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(
            _support("badhash_key2.ed25519.key")
        )
        assert original != generated

    def keys(self):
        for key_class, filename in [
            (RSAKey, "test_rsa.key"),
            (DSSKey, "test_dss.key"),
            (ECDSAKey, "test_ecdsa_256.key"),
            (Ed25519Key, "test_ed25519.key"),
        ]:
            key1 = key_class.from_private_key_file(_support(filename))
            key2 = key_class.from_private_key_file(_support(filename))
            yield key1, key2

    def test_keys_are_comparable(self):
        for key1, key2 in self.keys():
            assert key1 == key2

    def test_keys_are_not_equal_to_other(self):
        for value in [None, True, ""]:
            for key1, _ in self.keys():
                assert key1 != value

    def test_keys_are_hashable(self):
        # NOTE: this isn't a great test due to hashseed randomization under
        # Python 3 preventing use of static values, but it does still prove
        # that __hash__ is implemented/doesn't explode & works across instances
        for key1, key2 in self.keys():
            assert hash(key1) == hash(key2)

    def test_ed25519_nonbytes_password(self):
        # https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/issues/1039
        Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(
            _support("test_ed25519_password.key"),
            # NOTE: not a bytes. Amusingly, the test above for same key DOES
            # explicitly cast to bytes...code smell!
            "abc123",
        )
        # No exception -> it's good. Meh.

    def test_ed25519_load_from_file_obj(self):
        with open(_support("test_ed25519.key")) as pkey_fileobj:
            key = Ed25519Key.from_private_key(pkey_fileobj)
        self.assertEqual(key, key)
        self.assertTrue(key.can_sign())

    def test_keyfile_is_actually_encrypted(self):
        # Read an existing encrypted private key
        file_ = _support("test_rsa_password.key")
        password = "television"
        newfile = file_ + ".new"
        newpassword = "radio"
        key = RSAKey(filename=file_, password=password)
        # Write out a newly re-encrypted copy with a new password.
        # When the bug under test exists, this will ValueError.
        try:
            key.write_private_key_file(newfile, password=newpassword)
            self.assert_keyfile_is_encrypted(newfile)
        finally:
            os.remove(newfile)

    def test_certificates(self):
        # NOTE: we also test 'live' use of cert auth for all key types in
        # test_client.py; this and nearby cert tests are more about the gritty
        # details.
        # PKey.load_certificate
        key_path = _support(os.path.join("cert_support", "test_rsa.key"))
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(key_path)
        self.assertTrue(key.public_blob is None)
        cert_path = _support(
            os.path.join("cert_support", "test_rsa.key-cert.pub")
        )
        key.load_certificate(cert_path)
        self.assertTrue(key.public_blob is not None)
        self.assertEqual(
            key.public_blob.key_type, "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com"
        )
        self.assertEqual(key.public_blob.comment, "test_rsa.key.pub")
        # Delve into blob contents, for test purposes
        msg = Message(key.public_blob.key_blob)
        self.assertEqual(msg.get_text(), "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com")
        msg.get_string()
        e = msg.get_mpint()
        n = msg.get_mpint()
        self.assertEqual(e, key.public_numbers.e)
        self.assertEqual(n, key.public_numbers.n)
        # Serial number
        self.assertEqual(msg.get_int64(), 1234)

        # Prevented from loading certificate that doesn't match
        key_path = _support(os.path.join("cert_support", "test_ed25519.key"))
        key1 = Ed25519Key.from_private_key_file(key_path)
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError,
            key1.load_certificate,
            _support("test_rsa.key-cert.pub"),
        )

    @patch("paramiko.pkey.os")
    def _test_keyfile_race(self, os_, exists):
        # Re: CVE-2022-24302
        password = "television"
        newpassword = "radio"
        source = _support("test_ecdsa_384.key")
        new = source + ".new"
        # Mock setup
        os_.path.exists.return_value = exists
        # Attach os flag values to mock
        for attr, value in vars(os).items():
            if attr.startswith("O_"):
                setattr(os_, attr, value)
        # Load fixture key
        key = ECDSAKey(filename=source, password=password)
        key._write_private_key = Mock()
        # Write out in new location
        key.write_private_key_file(new, password=newpassword)
        # Expected open via os module
        os_.open.assert_called_once_with(
            new, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC, o600
        )
        os_.fdopen.assert_called_once_with(os_.open.return_value, "w")
        # Old chmod still around for backwards compat
        os_.chmod.assert_called_once_with(new, o600)
        assert (
            key._write_private_key.call_args[0][0]
            == os_.fdopen.return_value.__enter__.return_value
        )

    def test_new_keyfiles_avoid_file_descriptor_race_on_chmod(self):
        self._test_keyfile_race(exists=False)

    def test_existing_keyfiles_still_work_ok(self):
        self._test_keyfile_race(exists=True)

    def test_new_keyfiles_avoid_descriptor_race_integration(self):
        # Integration-style version of above
        password = "television"
        newpassword = "radio"
        source = _support("test_ecdsa_384.key")
        new = source + ".new"
        # Load fixture key
        key = ECDSAKey(filename=source, password=password)
        try:
            # Write out in new location
            key.write_private_key_file(new, password=newpassword)
            # Test mode
            assert stat.S_IMODE(os.stat(new).st_mode) == o600
            # Prove can open with new password
            reloaded = ECDSAKey(filename=new, password=newpassword)
            assert reloaded == key
        finally:
            if os.path.exists(new):
                os.unlink(new)

    def test_sign_rsa_with_certificate(self):
        data = b"ice weasels"
        key_path = _support(os.path.join("cert_support", "test_rsa.key"))
        key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(key_path)
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(data, "rsa-sha2-256")
        msg.rewind()
        assert "rsa-sha2-256" == msg.get_text()
        sign = msg.get_binary()
        cert_path = _support(
            os.path.join("cert_support", "test_rsa.key-cert.pub")
        )
        key.load_certificate(cert_path)
        msg = key.sign_ssh_data(data, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com")
        msg.rewind()
        assert "rsa-sha2-256" == msg.get_text()
        assert sign == msg.get_binary()
        msg.rewind()
        assert key.verify_ssh_sig(b"ice weasels", msg)