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==========
Installing
==========
.. _paramiko-itself:
Paramiko itself
===============
The recommended way to get Paramiko is to **install the latest stable release**
via `pip <http://pip-installer.org>`_::
$ pip install paramiko
.. note::
Users who want the bleeding edge can install the development version via
``pip install paramiko==dev``.
We currently support **Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3+, and PyPy** (Python **3.2** should
also work but has a less-strong compatibility guarantee from us.) Users on
Python 2.5 or older are urged to upgrade.
Paramiko has two hard dependencies: the pure-Python ECDSA module ``ecdsa``, and
the Cryptography library. ``ecdsa`` is easily installable from wherever you
obtained Paramiko's package; Cryptography may require more work. Read on for
details.
If you need GSS-API / SSPI support, see :ref:`the below subsection on it
<gssapi>` for details on additional dependencies.
.. _release-lines:
Release lines
-------------
Users desiring stability may wish to pin themselves to a specific release line
once they first start using Paramiko; to assist in this, we guarantee bugfixes
for the last 2-3 releases including the latest stable one.
If you're unsure which version to install, we have suggestions:
* **Completely new users** should always default to the **latest stable
release** (as above, whatever is newest / whatever shows up with ``pip
install paramiko``.)
* **Users upgrading from a much older version** (e.g. the 1.7.x line) should
probably get the **oldest actively supported line** (see the paragraph above
this list for what that currently is.)
* **Everybody else** is hopefully already "on" a given version and can
carefully upgrade to whichever version they care to, when their release line
stops being supported.
Cryptography
============
`Cryptography <https://cryptography.io>`_ provides the low-level (C-based)
encryption algorithms we need to implement the SSH protocol. There are a few
things to be aware of when installing Cryptography, because it includes a
C-extension.
C extension
-----------
Users on **Unix-based platforms** such as Ubuntu or Mac OS X will need the
traditional C build toolchain installed (e.g. Developer Tools / XCode Tools on
the Mac, or the ``build-essential`` package on Ubuntu or Debian Linux
-- basically, anything with ``gcc``, ``make`` and so forth) as well as the
Python development libraries, often named ``python-dev`` or similar, and libffi
development libraries, often named ``libffi-dev``.
For **Windows** users we recommend using the most recent version of ``pip``,
Cryptography has binary wheels on PyPI, which remove the need for having a C
compiler.
Optional dependencies for GSS-API / SSPI / Kerberos
===================================================
In order to use Kerberos & related functionality, a couple of additional
dependencies are required (these are not listed in our ``setup.py`` due to
their infrequent utility & non-platform-agnostic requirements):
* **All platforms** need `pyasn1 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyasn1>`_
``0.1.7`` or better.
* **Unix** needs `python-gssapi <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-gssapi/>`_
``0.6.1`` or better.
* **Windows** needs `pywin32 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywin32>`_ ``2.1.8``
or better.
.. note::
If you use Microsoft SSPI for kerberos authentication and credential
delegation, make sure that the target host is trusted for delegation in the
active directory configuration. For details see:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc738491%28v=ws.10%29.aspx
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