# Copyright (C) 2003-2009 Robey Pointer # # This file is part of paramiko. # # Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the # terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free # Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) # any later version. # # Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY # WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more # details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License # along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., # 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA. """ Some unit tests for the ssh2 protocol in Transport. """ from __future__ import with_statement from binascii import hexlify import select import socket import time import threading import random from hashlib import sha1 import unittest from paramiko import ( Transport, SecurityOptions, ServerInterface, RSAKey, DSSKey, SSHException, ChannelException, Packetizer, ) from paramiko import AUTH_FAILED, AUTH_SUCCESSFUL from paramiko import OPEN_SUCCEEDED, OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED from paramiko.common import ( MSG_KEXINIT, cMSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST, MIN_PACKET_SIZE, MIN_WINDOW_SIZE, MAX_WINDOW_SIZE, DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE, DEFAULT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE, ) from paramiko.py3compat import bytes from paramiko.message import Message from tests.loop import LoopSocket from tests.util import test_path LONG_BANNER = """\ Welcome to the super-fun-land BBS, where our MOTD is the primary thing we provide. All rights reserved. Offer void in Tennessee. Stunt drivers were used. Do not attempt at home. Some restrictions apply. Happy birthday to Commie the cat! Note: An SSH banner may eventually appear. Maybe. """ class NullServer (ServerInterface): paranoid_did_password = False paranoid_did_public_key = False paranoid_key = DSSKey.from_private_key_file(test_path('test_dss.key')) def get_allowed_auths(self, username): if username == 'slowdive': return 'publickey,password' return 'publickey' def check_auth_password(self, username, password): if (username == 'slowdive') and (password == 'pygmalion'): return AUTH_SUCCESSFUL return AUTH_FAILED def check_channel_request(self, kind, chanid): if kind == 'bogus': return OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED return OPEN_SUCCEEDED def check_channel_exec_request(self, channel, command): if command != b'yes': return False return True def check_channel_shell_request(self, channel): return True def check_global_request(self, kind, msg): self._global_request = kind return False def check_channel_x11_request(self, channel, single_connection, auth_protocol, auth_cookie, screen_number): self._x11_single_connection = single_connection self._x11_auth_protocol = auth_protocol self._x11_auth_cookie = auth_cookie self._x11_screen_number = screen_number return True def check_port_forward_request(self, addr, port): self._listen = socket.socket() self._listen.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0)) self._listen.listen(1) return self._listen.getsockname()[1] def cancel_port_forward_request(self, addr, port): self._listen.close() self._listen = None def check_channel_direct_tcpip_request(self, chanid, origin, destination): self._tcpip_dest = destination return OPEN_SUCCEEDED class TransportTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.socks = LoopSocket() self.sockc = LoopSocket() self.sockc.link(self.socks) self.tc = Transport(self.sockc) self.ts = Transport(self.socks) def tearDown(self): self.tc.close() self.ts.close() self.socks.close() self.sockc.close() def setup_test_server(self, client_options=None, server_options=None): host_key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(test_path('test_rsa.key')) public_host_key = RSAKey(data=host_key.asbytes()) self.ts.add_server_key(host_key) if client_options is not None: client_options(self.tc.get_security_options()) if server_options is not None: server_options(self.ts.get_security_options()) event = threading.Event() self.server = NullServer() self.assertTrue(not event.is_set()) self.ts.start_server(event, self.server) self.tc.connect(hostkey=public_host_key, username='slowdive', password='pygmalion') event.wait(1.0) self.assertTrue(event.is_set()) self.assertTrue(self.ts.is_active()) def test_1_security_options(self): o = self.tc.get_security_options() self.assertEqual(type(o), SecurityOptions) self.assertTrue(('aes256-cbc', 'blowfish-cbc') != o.ciphers) o.ciphers = ('aes256-cbc', 'blowfish-cbc') self.assertEqual(('aes256-cbc', 'blowfish-cbc'), o.ciphers) try: o.ciphers = ('aes256-cbc', 'made-up-cipher') self.assertTrue(False) except ValueError: pass try: o.ciphers = 23 self.assertTrue(False) except TypeError: pass def test_2_compute_key(self): self.tc.K = 123281095979686581523377256114209720774539068973101330872763622971399429481072519713536292772709507296759612401802191955568143056534122385270077606457721553469730659233569339356140085284052436697480759510519672848743794433460113118986816826624865291116513647975790797391795651716378444844877749505443714557929 self.tc.H = b'\x0C\x83\x07\xCD\xE6\x85\x6F\xF3\x0B\xA9\x36\x84\xEB\x0F\x04\xC2\x52\x0E\x9E\xD3' self.tc.session_id = self.tc.H key = self.tc._compute_key('C', 32) self.assertEqual(b'207E66594CA87C44ECCBA3B3CD39FDDB378E6FDB0F97C54B2AA0CFBF900CD995', hexlify(key).upper()) def test_3_simple(self): """ verify that we can establish an ssh link with ourselves across the loopback sockets. this is hardly "simple" but it's simpler than the later tests. :) """ host_key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(test_path('test_rsa.key')) public_host_key = RSAKey(data=host_key.asbytes()) self.ts.add_server_key(host_key) event = threading.Event() server = NullServer() self.assertTrue(not event.is_set()) self.assertEqual(None, self.tc.get_username()) self.assertEqual(None, self.ts.get_username()) self.assertEqual(False, self.tc.is_authenticated()) self.assertEqual(False, self.ts.is_authenticated()) self.ts.start_server(event, server) self.tc.connect(hostkey=public_host_key, username='slowdive', password='pygmalion') event.wait(1.0) self.assertTrue(event.is_set()) self.assertTrue(self.ts.is_active()) self.assertEqual('slowdive', self.tc.get_username()) self.assertEqual('slowdive', self.ts.get_username()) self.assertEqual(True, self.tc.is_authenticated()) self.assertEqual(True, self.ts.is_authenticated()) def test_3a_long_banner(self): """ verify that a long banner doesn't mess up the handshake. """ host_key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(test_path('test_rsa.key')) public_host_key = RSAKey(data=host_key.asbytes()) self.ts.add_server_key(host_key) event = threading.Event() server = NullServer() self.assertTrue(not event.is_set()) self.socks.send(LONG_BANNER) self.ts.start_server(event, server) self.tc.connect(hostkey=public_host_key, username='slowdive', password='pygmalion') event.wait(1.0) self.assertTrue(event.is_set()) self.assertTrue(self.ts.is_active()) def test_4_special(self): """ verify that the client can demand odd handshake settings, and can renegotiate keys in mid-stream. """ def force_algorithms(options): options.ciphers = ('aes256-cbc',) options.digests = ('hmac-md5-96',) self.setup_test_server(client_options=force_algorithms) self.assertEqual('aes256-cbc', self.tc.local_cipher) self.assertEqual('aes256-cbc', self.tc.remote_cipher) self.assertEqual(12, self.tc.packetizer.get_mac_size_out()) self.assertEqual(12, self.tc.packetizer.get_mac_size_in()) self.tc.send_ignore(1024) self.tc.renegotiate_keys() self.ts.send_ignore(1024) def test_5_keepalive(self): """ verify that the keepalive will be sent. """ self.setup_test_server() self.assertEqual(None, getattr(self.server, '_global_request', None)) self.tc.set_keepalive(1) time.sleep(2) self.assertEqual('keepalive@lag.net', self.server._global_request) def test_6_exec_command(self): """ verify that exec_command() does something reasonable. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) try: chan.exec_command(b'command contains \xfc and is not a valid UTF-8 string') self.assertTrue(False) except SSHException: pass chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) schan.send('Hello there.\n') schan.send_stderr('This is on stderr.\n') schan.close() f = chan.makefile() self.assertEqual('Hello there.\n', f.readline()) self.assertEqual('', f.readline()) f = chan.makefile_stderr() self.assertEqual('This is on stderr.\n', f.readline()) self.assertEqual('', f.readline()) # now try it with combined stdout/stderr chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) schan.send('Hello there.\n') schan.send_stderr('This is on stderr.\n') schan.close() chan.set_combine_stderr(True) f = chan.makefile() self.assertEqual('Hello there.\n', f.readline()) self.assertEqual('This is on stderr.\n', f.readline()) self.assertEqual('', f.readline()) def test_6a_channel_can_be_used_as_context_manager(self): """ verify that exec_command() does something reasonable. """ self.setup_test_server() with self.tc.open_session() as chan: with self.ts.accept(1.0) as schan: chan.exec_command('yes') schan.send('Hello there.\n') schan.close() f = chan.makefile() self.assertEqual('Hello there.\n', f.readline()) self.assertEqual('', f.readline()) def test_7_invoke_shell(self): """ verify that invoke_shell() does something reasonable. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.invoke_shell() schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) chan.send('communist j. cat\n') f = schan.makefile() self.assertEqual('communist j. cat\n', f.readline()) chan.close() self.assertEqual('', f.readline()) def test_8_channel_exception(self): """ verify that ChannelException is thrown for a bad open-channel request. """ self.setup_test_server() try: chan = self.tc.open_channel('bogus') self.fail('expected exception') except ChannelException as e: self.assertTrue(e.code == OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED) def test_9_exit_status(self): """ verify that get_exit_status() works. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) chan.exec_command('yes') schan.send('Hello there.\n') self.assertTrue(not chan.exit_status_ready()) # trigger an EOF schan.shutdown_read() schan.shutdown_write() schan.send_exit_status(23) schan.close() f = chan.makefile() self.assertEqual('Hello there.\n', f.readline()) self.assertEqual('', f.readline()) count = 0 while not chan.exit_status_ready(): time.sleep(0.1) count += 1 if count > 50: raise Exception("timeout") self.assertEqual(23, chan.recv_exit_status()) chan.close() def test_A_select(self): """ verify that select() on a channel works. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.invoke_shell() schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) # nothing should be ready r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) self.assertEqual([], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e) schan.send('hello\n') # something should be ready now (give it 1 second to appear) for i in range(10): r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) if chan in r: break time.sleep(0.1) self.assertEqual([chan], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e) self.assertEqual(b'hello\n', chan.recv(6)) # and, should be dead again now r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) self.assertEqual([], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e) schan.close() # detect eof? for i in range(10): r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) if chan in r: break time.sleep(0.1) self.assertEqual([chan], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e) self.assertEqual(bytes(), chan.recv(16)) # make sure the pipe is still open for now... p = chan._pipe self.assertEqual(False, p._closed) chan.close() # ...and now is closed. self.assertEqual(True, p._closed) def test_B_renegotiate(self): """ verify that a transport can correctly renegotiate mid-stream. """ self.setup_test_server() self.tc.packetizer.REKEY_BYTES = 16384 chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) self.assertEqual(self.tc.H, self.tc.session_id) for i in range(20): chan.send('x' * 1024) chan.close() # allow a few seconds for the rekeying to complete for i in range(50): if self.tc.H != self.tc.session_id: break time.sleep(0.1) self.assertNotEqual(self.tc.H, self.tc.session_id) schan.close() def test_C_compression(self): """ verify that zlib compression is basically working. """ def force_compression(o): o.compression = ('zlib',) self.setup_test_server(force_compression, force_compression) chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) bytes = self.tc.packetizer._Packetizer__sent_bytes chan.send('x' * 1024) bytes2 = self.tc.packetizer._Packetizer__sent_bytes block_size = self.tc._cipher_info[self.tc.local_cipher]['block-size'] mac_size = self.tc._mac_info[self.tc.local_mac]['size'] # tests show this is actually compressed to *52 bytes*! including packet overhead! nice!! :) self.assertTrue(bytes2 - bytes < 1024) self.assertEqual(16 + block_size + mac_size, bytes2 - bytes) chan.close() schan.close() def test_D_x11(self): """ verify that an x11 port can be requested and opened. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) requested = [] def handler(c, addr_port): addr, port = addr_port requested.append((addr, port)) self.tc._queue_incoming_channel(c) self.assertEqual(None, getattr(self.server, '_x11_screen_number', None)) cookie = chan.request_x11(0, single_connection=True, handler=handler) self.assertEqual(0, self.server._x11_screen_number) self.assertEqual('MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1', self.server._x11_auth_protocol) self.assertEqual(cookie, self.server._x11_auth_cookie) self.assertEqual(True, self.server._x11_single_connection) x11_server = self.ts.open_x11_channel(('localhost', 6093)) x11_client = self.tc.accept() self.assertEqual('localhost', requested[0][0]) self.assertEqual(6093, requested[0][1]) x11_server.send('hello') self.assertEqual(b'hello', x11_client.recv(5)) x11_server.close() x11_client.close() chan.close() schan.close() def test_E_reverse_port_forwarding(self): """ verify that a client can ask the server to open a reverse port for forwarding. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) requested = [] def handler(c, origin_addr_port, server_addr_port): requested.append(origin_addr_port) requested.append(server_addr_port) self.tc._queue_incoming_channel(c) port = self.tc.request_port_forward('127.0.0.1', 0, handler) self.assertEqual(port, self.server._listen.getsockname()[1]) cs = socket.socket() cs.connect(('127.0.0.1', port)) ss, _ = self.server._listen.accept() sch = self.ts.open_forwarded_tcpip_channel(ss.getsockname(), ss.getpeername()) cch = self.tc.accept() sch.send('hello') self.assertEqual(b'hello', cch.recv(5)) sch.close() cch.close() ss.close() cs.close() # now cancel it. self.tc.cancel_port_forward('127.0.0.1', port) self.assertTrue(self.server._listen is None) def test_F_port_forwarding(self): """ verify that a client can forward new connections from a locally- forwarded port. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) # open a port on the "server" that the client will ask to forward to. greeting_server = socket.socket() greeting_server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0)) greeting_server.listen(1) greeting_port = greeting_server.getsockname()[1] cs = self.tc.open_channel('direct-tcpip', ('127.0.0.1', greeting_port), ('', 9000)) sch = self.ts.accept(1.0) cch = socket.socket() cch.connect(self.server._tcpip_dest) ss, _ = greeting_server.accept() ss.send(b'Hello!\n') ss.close() sch.send(cch.recv(8192)) sch.close() self.assertEqual(b'Hello!\n', cs.recv(7)) cs.close() def test_G_stderr_select(self): """ verify that select() on a channel works even if only stderr is receiving data. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.invoke_shell() schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) # nothing should be ready r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) self.assertEqual([], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e) schan.send_stderr('hello\n') # something should be ready now (give it 1 second to appear) for i in range(10): r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) if chan in r: break time.sleep(0.1) self.assertEqual([chan], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e) self.assertEqual(b'hello\n', chan.recv_stderr(6)) # and, should be dead again now r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) self.assertEqual([], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e) schan.close() chan.close() def test_H_send_ready(self): """ verify that send_ready() indicates when a send would not block. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.invoke_shell() schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) self.assertEqual(chan.send_ready(), True) total = 0 K = '*' * 1024 limit = 1+(64 * 2 ** 15) while total < limit: chan.send(K) total += len(K) if not chan.send_ready(): break self.assertTrue(total < limit) schan.close() chan.close() self.assertEqual(chan.send_ready(), True) def test_I_rekey_deadlock(self): """ Regression test for deadlock when in-transit messages are received after MSG_KEXINIT is sent Note: When this test fails, it may leak threads. """ # Test for an obscure deadlocking bug that can occur if we receive # certain messages while initiating a key exchange. # # The deadlock occurs as follows: # # In the main thread: # 1. The user's program calls Channel.send(), which sends # MSG_CHANNEL_DATA to the remote host. # 2. Packetizer discovers that REKEY_BYTES has been exceeded, and # sets the __need_rekey flag. # # In the Transport thread: # 3. Packetizer notices that the __need_rekey flag is set, and raises # NeedRekeyException. # 4. In response to NeedRekeyException, the transport thread sends # MSG_KEXINIT to the remote host. # # On the remote host (using any SSH implementation): # 5. The MSG_CHANNEL_DATA is received, and MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST is sent. # 6. The MSG_KEXINIT is received, and a corresponding MSG_KEXINIT is sent. # # In the main thread: # 7. The user's program calls Channel.send(). # 8. Channel.send acquires Channel.lock, then calls Transport._send_user_message(). # 9. Transport._send_user_message waits for Transport.clear_to_send # to be set (i.e., it waits for re-keying to complete). # Channel.lock is still held. # # In the Transport thread: # 10. MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST is received; Channel._window_adjust # is called to handle it. # 11. Channel._window_adjust tries to acquire Channel.lock, but it # blocks because the lock is already held by the main thread. # # The result is that the Transport thread never processes the remote # host's MSG_KEXINIT packet, because it becomes deadlocked while # handling the preceding MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST message. # We set up two separate threads for sending and receiving packets, # while the main thread acts as a watchdog timer. If the timer # expires, a deadlock is assumed. class SendThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, chan, iterations, done_event): threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, None, self.__class__.__name__) self.setDaemon(True) self.chan = chan self.iterations = iterations self.done_event = done_event self.watchdog_event = threading.Event() self.last = None def run(self): try: for i in range(1, 1+self.iterations): if self.done_event.is_set(): break self.watchdog_event.set() #print i, "SEND" self.chan.send("x" * 2048) finally: self.done_event.set() self.watchdog_event.set() class ReceiveThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, chan, done_event): threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, None, self.__class__.__name__) self.setDaemon(True) self.chan = chan self.done_event = done_event self.watchdog_event = threading.Event() def run(self): try: while not self.done_event.is_set(): if self.chan.recv_ready(): chan.recv(65536) self.watchdog_event.set() else: if random.randint(0, 1): time.sleep(random.randint(0, 500) / 1000.0) finally: self.done_event.set() self.watchdog_event.set() self.setup_test_server() self.ts.packetizer.REKEY_BYTES = 2048 chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.exec_command('yes') schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) # Monkey patch the client's Transport._handler_table so that the client # sends MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST whenever it receives an initial # MSG_KEXINIT. This is used to simulate the effect of network latency # on a real MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST message. self.tc._handler_table = self.tc._handler_table.copy() # copy per-class dictionary _negotiate_keys = self.tc._handler_table[MSG_KEXINIT] def _negotiate_keys_wrapper(self, m): if self.local_kex_init is None: # Remote side sent KEXINIT # Simulate in-transit MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST by sending it # before responding to the incoming MSG_KEXINIT. m2 = Message() m2.add_byte(cMSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST) m2.add_int(chan.remote_chanid) m2.add_int(1) # bytes to add self._send_message(m2) return _negotiate_keys(self, m) self.tc._handler_table[MSG_KEXINIT] = _negotiate_keys_wrapper # Parameters for the test iterations = 500 # The deadlock does not happen every time, but it # should after many iterations. timeout = 5 # This event is set when the test is completed done_event = threading.Event() # Start the sending thread st = SendThread(schan, iterations, done_event) st.start() # Start the receiving thread rt = ReceiveThread(chan, done_event) rt.start() # Act as a watchdog timer, checking deadlocked = False while not deadlocked and not done_event.is_set(): for event in (st.watchdog_event, rt.watchdog_event): event.wait(timeout) if done_event.is_set(): break if not event.is_set(): deadlocked = True break event.clear() # Tell the threads to stop (if they haven't already stopped). Note # that if one or more threads are deadlocked, they might hang around # forever (until the process exits). done_event.set() # Assertion: We must not have detected a timeout. self.assertFalse(deadlocked) # Close the channels schan.close() chan.close() def test_J_sanitze_packet_size(self): """ verify that we conform to the rfc of packet and window sizes. """ for val, correct in [(4095, MIN_PACKET_SIZE), (None, DEFAULT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE), (2**32, MAX_WINDOW_SIZE)]: self.assertEqual(self.tc._sanitize_packet_size(val), correct) def test_K_sanitze_window_size(self): """ verify that we conform to the rfc of packet and window sizes. """ for val, correct in [(32767, MIN_WINDOW_SIZE), (None, DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE), (2**32, MAX_WINDOW_SIZE)]: self.assertEqual(self.tc._sanitize_window_size(val), correct) def test_L_handshake_timeout(self): """ verify that we can get a hanshake timeout. """ # Tweak client Transport instance's Packetizer instance so # its read_message() sleeps a bit. This helps prevent race conditions # where the client Transport's timeout timer thread doesn't even have # time to get scheduled before the main client thread finishes # handshaking with the server. # (Doing this on the server's transport *sounds* more 'correct' but # actually doesn't work nearly as well for whatever reason.) class SlowPacketizer(Packetizer): def read_message(self): time.sleep(1) return super(SlowPacketizer, self).read_message() # NOTE: prettttty sure since the replaced .packetizer Packetizer is now # no longer doing anything with its copy of the socket...everything'll # be fine. Even tho it's a bit squicky. self.tc.packetizer = SlowPacketizer(self.tc.sock) # Continue with regular test red tape. host_key = RSAKey.from_private_key_file(test_path('test_rsa.key')) public_host_key = RSAKey(data=host_key.asbytes()) self.ts.add_server_key(host_key) event = threading.Event() server = NullServer() self.assertTrue(not event.is_set()) self.tc.handshake_timeout = 0.000000000001 self.ts.start_server(event, server) self.assertRaises(EOFError, self.tc.connect, hostkey=public_host_key, username='slowdive', password='pygmalion') def test_M_select_after_close(self): """ verify that select works when a channel is already closed. """ self.setup_test_server() chan = self.tc.open_session() chan.invoke_shell() schan = self.ts.accept(1.0) schan.close() # give client a moment to receive close notification time.sleep(0.1) r, w, e = select.select([chan], [], [], 0.1) self.assertEqual([chan], r) self.assertEqual([], w) self.assertEqual([], e)