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diff --git a/sites/www/installing.rst b/sites/www/installing.rst index f16369ff..6537b850 100644 --- a/sites/www/installing.rst +++ b/sites/www/installing.rst @@ -2,6 +2,13 @@ Installing ========== + +.. note:: + These instructions cover Paramiko 2.0 and above. If you're looking to + install Paramiko 1.x, see :doc:`installing-1.x`. However, **the 1.x line + relies on insecure dependencies** so upgrading is strongly encouraged. + + .. _paramiko-itself: Paramiko itself @@ -12,17 +19,15 @@ via `pip <http://pip-installer.org>`_:: $ pip install paramiko -We currently support **Python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.3+** (Python **3.2** should also -work but has a less-strong compatibility guarantee from us.) Users on Python -2.5 or older are urged to upgrade. +We currently support **Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3+, and PyPy**. Users on Python 2.5 +or older (or 3.2 or older) are urged to upgrade. -Paramiko has two hard dependencies: the pure-Python ECDSA module ``ecdsa``, and the -PyCrypto C extension. ``ecdsa`` is easily installable from wherever you -obtained Paramiko's package; PyCrypto may require more work. Read on for -details. +Paramiko has only one direct hard dependency: the Cryptography library. See +:ref:`cryptography`. If you need GSS-API / SSPI support, see :ref:`the below subsection on it -<gssapi>` for details on additional dependencies. +<gssapi>` for details on its optional dependencies. + .. _release-lines: @@ -33,97 +38,52 @@ Users desiring stability may wish to pin themselves to a specific release line once they first start using Paramiko; to assist in this, we guarantee bugfixes for the last 2-3 releases including the latest stable one. -If you're unsure which version to install, we have suggestions: +This typically spans major & minor versions, so even if e.g. 3.1 is the latest +stable release, it's likely that bugfixes will occasionally come out for the +latest 2.x and perhaps even 1.x releases, as well as for 3.0. New feature +releases for previous major-version lines are less likely but not unheard of. + +If you're unsure which version to install: * **Completely new users** should always default to the **latest stable release** (as above, whatever is newest / whatever shows up with ``pip install paramiko``.) -* **Users upgrading from a much older version** (e.g. the 1.7.x line) should - probably get the **oldest actively supported line** (see the paragraph above - this list for what that currently is.) +* **Users upgrading from a much older version** (e.g. 1.7.x through 1.10.x) + should probably get the **oldest actively supported line** (check the + :doc:`changelog` for recent releases). * **Everybody else** is hopefully already "on" a given version and can carefully upgrade to whichever version they care to, when their release line stops being supported. -PyCrypto -======== +.. _cryptography: -`PyCrypto <https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/>`_ provides the low-level -(C-based) encryption algorithms we need to implement the SSH protocol. There -are a couple gotchas associated with installing PyCrypto: its compatibility -with Python's package tools, and the fact that it is a C-based extension. +Cryptography +============ -C extension ------------ +`Cryptography <https://cryptography.io>`__ provides the low-level (C-based) +encryption algorithms we need to implement the SSH protocol. It has detailed +`installation instructions`_ (and an `FAQ +<https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq/>`_) which you should read carefully. -Unless you are installing from a precompiled source such as a Debian apt -repository or RedHat RPM, or using :ref:`pypm <pypm>`, you will also need the -ability to build Python C-based modules from source in order to install -PyCrypto. Users on **Unix-based platforms** such as Ubuntu or Mac OS X will -need the traditional C build toolchain installed (e.g. Developer Tools / XCode -Tools on the Mac, or the ``build-essential`` package on Ubuntu or Debian Linux --- basically, anything with ``gcc``, ``make`` and so forth) as well as the -Python development libraries, often named ``python-dev`` or similar. +In general, you'll need one of the following setups: -Slow vs fast crypto math -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* On Windows or Mac OS X, provided your ``pip`` is modern (8.x+): nothing else + is required. ``pip`` will install statically compiled binary archives of + Cryptography & its dependencies. +* On Linux, or on other platforms with older versions of ``pip``: you'll need a + C build toolchain, plus development headers for Python, OpenSSL and + ``libffi``. Again, see `Cryptography's install docs`_; these requirements may + occasionally change. -PyCrypto attempts to use the ``gmp`` C math library if it is present on your -system, which enables what it internally calls "fastmath" (``_fastmath.so``). -When those headers are not available, it falls back to "slowmath" -(``_slowmath.py``) which is a pure-Python implementation. + .. warning:: + If you go this route, note that **OpenSSL 1.0.1 or newer is effectively + required**. Cryptography 1.3 and older technically allow OpenSSL 0.9.8, but + 1.4 and newer - which Paramiko will gladly install or upgrade, if you e.g. + ``pip install -U`` - drop that support. -Real-world tests have shown significant benefits to using the C version of this -code; thus we strongly recommend you install the ``gmp`` development headers -**before** installing Paramiko/PyCrypto. E.g.:: - - $ apt-get install libgmp-dev # or just apt - $ yum install gmp-devel # or dnf - $ brew install gmp - -If you're unsure which version of math you've ended up with, a quick way to -check is to examine whether ``_fastmath.so`` or ``_slowmath.py`` appears in the -output of:: - - from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA - print(RSA._impl._math) - -Windows -~~~~~~~ - -For **Windows** users we recommend using :ref:`pypm`, installing a C -development environment such as `Cygwin <http://cygwin.com>`_ or obtaining a -precompiled Win32 PyCrypto package from `voidspace's Python modules page -<http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/modules.shtml#pycrypto>`_. - -.. note:: - Some Windows users whose Python is 64-bit have found that the PyCrypto - dependency ``winrandom`` may not install properly, leading to ImportErrors. - In this scenario, you'll probably need to compile ``winrandom`` yourself - via e.g. MS Visual Studio. See `Fabric #194 - <https://github.com/fabric/fabric/issues/194>`_ for info. - - -.. _pypm: - -ActivePython and PyPM -===================== - -Windows users who already have ActiveState's `ActivePython -<http://www.activestate.com/activepython/downloads>`_ distribution installed -may find Paramiko is best installed with `its package manager, PyPM -<http://code.activestate.com/pypm/>`_. Below is example output from an -installation of Paramiko via ``pypm``:: - - C:\> pypm install paramiko - The following packages will be installed into "%APPDATA%\Python" (2.7): - paramiko-1.7.8 pycrypto-2.4 - Get: [pypm-free.activestate.com] paramiko 1.7.8 - Get: [pypm-free.activestate.com] pycrypto 2.4 - Installing paramiko-1.7.8 - Installing pycrypto-2.4 - C:\> +.. _installation instructions: +.. _Cryptography's install docs: https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation/ .. _gssapi: @@ -137,8 +97,6 @@ due to their infrequent utility & non-platform-agnostic requirements): * It hopefully goes without saying but **all platforms** need **a working installation of GSS-API itself**, e.g. Heimdal. -* **All platforms** need `pyasn1 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyasn1>`_ - ``0.1.7`` or better. * **Unix** needs `python-gssapi <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-gssapi/>`_ ``0.6.1`` or better. @@ -152,3 +110,9 @@ due to their infrequent utility & non-platform-agnostic requirements): delegation, make sure that the target host is trusted for delegation in the active directory configuration. For details see: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc738491%28v=ws.10%29.aspx + + +.. toctree:: + :hidden: + + installing-1.x |