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@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ via `pip <http://pip-installer.org>`_::
Users who want the bleeding edge can install the development version via
``pip install paramiko==dev``.
-We currently support **Python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.3+** (Python **3.2** should also
-work but has a less-strong compatibility guarantee from us.) Users on Python
-2.5 or older are urged to upgrade.
+We currently support **Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3+, and PyPy** (Python **3.2** should
+also work but has a less-strong compatibility guarantee from us.) Users on
+Python 2.5 or older are urged to upgrade.
-Paramiko has two hard dependencies: the pure-Python ECDSA module ``ecdsa``, and the
-PyCrypto C extension. ``ecdsa`` is easily installable from wherever you
-obtained Paramiko's package; PyCrypto may require more work. Read on for
-details.
+Paramiko has three hard dependencies: the pure-Python ECDSA module ``ecdsa``
+and ASN1 module ``pyasn1``, and the Cryptography library. ``ecdsa`` is easily
+installable from wherever you obtained Paramiko's package; Cryptography may
+require more work. Read on for details.
If you need GSS-API / SSPI support, see :ref:`the below subsection on it
<gssapi>` for details on additional dependencies.
@@ -50,61 +50,31 @@ If you're unsure which version to install, we have suggestions:
stops being supported.
-PyCrypto
-========
+Cryptography
+============
-`PyCrypto <https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/>`_ provides the low-level
-(C-based) encryption algorithms we need to implement the SSH protocol. There
-are a couple gotchas associated with installing PyCrypto: its compatibility
-with Python's package tools, and the fact that it is a C-based extension.
+`Cryptography <https://cryptography.io>`_ provides the low-level (C-based)
+encryption algorithms we need to implement the SSH protocol. There are a few
+things to be aware of when installing Cryptography, because it includes a
+C-extension.
C extension
-----------
Unless you are installing from a precompiled source such as a Debian apt
-repository or RedHat RPM, or using :ref:`pypm <pypm>`, you will also need the
-ability to build Python C-based modules from source in order to install
-PyCrypto. Users on **Unix-based platforms** such as Ubuntu or Mac OS X will
-need the traditional C build toolchain installed (e.g. Developer Tools / XCode
-Tools on the Mac, or the ``build-essential`` package on Ubuntu or Debian Linux
--- basically, anything with ``gcc``, ``make`` and so forth) as well as the
-Python development libraries, often named ``python-dev`` or similar.
-
-For **Windows** users we recommend using :ref:`pypm`, installing a C
-development environment such as `Cygwin <http://cygwin.com>`_ or obtaining a
-precompiled Win32 PyCrypto package from `voidspace's Python modules page
-<http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/modules.shtml#pycrypto>`_.
-
-.. note::
- Some Windows users whose Python is 64-bit have found that the PyCrypto
- dependency ``winrandom`` may not install properly, leading to ImportErrors.
- In this scenario, you'll probably need to compile ``winrandom`` yourself
- via e.g. MS Visual Studio. See `Fabric #194
- <https://github.com/fabric/fabric/issues/194>`_ for info.
-
-
-.. _pypm:
-
-ActivePython and PyPM
-=====================
-
-Windows users who already have ActiveState's `ActivePython
-<http://www.activestate.com/activepython/downloads>`_ distribution installed
-may find Paramiko is best installed with `its package manager, PyPM
-<http://code.activestate.com/pypm/>`_. Below is example output from an
-installation of Paramiko via ``pypm``::
-
- C:\> pypm install paramiko
- The following packages will be installed into "%APPDATA%\Python" (2.7):
- paramiko-1.7.8 pycrypto-2.4
- Get: [pypm-free.activestate.com] paramiko 1.7.8
- Get: [pypm-free.activestate.com] pycrypto 2.4
- Installing paramiko-1.7.8
- Installing pycrypto-2.4
- C:\>
+repository or RedHat RPM,, you will also need the ability to build Python
+C-based modules from source in order to install Cryptography. Users on **Unix-
+based platforms** such as Ubuntu or Mac OS X will need the traditional C build
+toolchain installed (e.g. Developer Tools / XCode Tools on the Mac, or the
+``build-essential`` package on Ubuntu or Debian Linux -- basically, anything
+with ``gcc``, ``make`` and so forth) as well as the Python development
+libraries, often named ``python-dev`` or similar, OpenSSL headers, often named
+``libssl-dev``, and libffi development libraries, often named ``libffi-dev``.
+For **Windows** users we recommend using the most recent version of ``pip``,
+Cryptography has binary wheels on PyPI, which remove the need for having a C
+compiler.
-.. _gssapi:
Optional dependencies for GSS-API / SSPI / Kerberos
===================================================
@@ -115,8 +85,6 @@ due to their infrequent utility & non-platform-agnostic requirements):
* It hopefully goes without saying but **all platforms** need **a working
installation of GSS-API itself**, e.g. Heimdal.
-* **All platforms** need `pyasn1 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyasn1>`_
- ``0.1.7`` or better.
* **Unix** needs `python-gssapi <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-gssapi/>`_
``0.6.1`` or better.