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# Internationalization (i18n)
See [online wiki](https://github.com/openwrt/luci/wiki/i18n) for latest version.
## Use translation function
### Translations in JavaScript
Wrap translatable strings with `_()` e.g. `_('string to translate')` and the `i18n-scan.pl` and friends will correctly identify these strings for translation.
If you have multi line strings you can split them with concatenation:
```js
var mystr = _('this string will translate ' +
'correctly even though it is ' +
'a multi line string!');
```
You may also use line continuations `\` syntax:
```js
var mystr = _('this string will translate \
correctly even though it is \
a multi line string');
```
Usually if you have multiple sentences you may need to use a line break. Use the `<br />` HTML tag like so:
```js
var mystr = _('Port number.') + '<br />' +
_('E.g. 80 for HTTP');
```
Use `<br />` and **not** `<br>` or `<br/>`.
If you have a link inside a translation, move its attributes out of a translation key:
```js
var mystr = _('For further information <a %s>check the wiki</a>')
.format('href="https://openwrt.org/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"')
```
This will generate a full link with HTML `For further information <a href="https://openwrt.org/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">check the wiki</a>`. The `noreferrer` is important so that it is opened in a new tab (`target="_blank"`).
### Translations in LuCI lua+html templates
Use the `<%: text to translate %>` as documented on [Templates](./Templates.md)
### Translations in Lua controller code and Lua CBIs
As hinted at in the Templates doc, the `%:` invokes a `translate()` function.
In most controller contexts, this is already available for you, but if necessary, is available for include in `luci.i18n.translate`
## Translation files
Translations are saved in the folder `po/` within each individual LuCI component directory, e.g. `applications/luci-app-acl/po/`.
The template is in `po/templates/<package>.pot`.
The individual language translation files can be found at `po/[lang]/[package].po`.
In order to use the commands below you need to have the `gettext` utilities (`msgcat`, `msgfmt`, `msgmerge`) installed on your system.
On Debian/Ubuntu, install them with `sudo apt install gettext`.
### Initialize po files
When you add or update an app, run from your `applications/luci-app-acl/` app folder:
../../build/i18n-add-language.sh
This creates the skeleton .po files for all available languages open for translation for your app.
Or from the luci repo root:
./build/i18n-add-language.sh
This creates the skeleton .po files for all existing languages open for translation for all sub-folders.
### Rebuild po files (for existing languages)
After you make changes to a package, run:
./build/i18n-sync.sh applications/[application]
Example:
./build/i18n-sync.sh applications/luci-app-acl
This only updates those language .po files that already exist in `applications/luci-app-acl/po/`. See the previous step to add a new language.
Note: the directory argument can be omitted to update all po template and po files.
Some packages share translation files, in this case you need to scan through all their folders:
./build/i18n-scan.pl applications/[package-1] applications/[package-2] applications/[package-n] > [location of shared template]/[application].pot
This is what the `mkbasepot.sh` script does for the `luci-base` module:
./build/i18n-scan.pl \
modules/luci-base modules/luci-compat modules/luci-lua-runtime \
modules/luci-mod-network modules/luci-mod-status modules/luci-mod-system \
protocols themes \
> modules/luci-base/po/templates/base.pot
*Note:* The translation catalog for the base system covers multiple components. Use the following commands to update it:
./build/mkbasepot.sh
./build/i18n-update.pl
### LMO files
The `*.po` files are big so Luci needs them in a compact compiled [LMO format](./LMO.md).
Luci reads `*.lmo` translations from the `/usr/lib/lua/luci/i18n/` folder.
E.g. `luci-app-acl` has an Arabic translation in `luci-i18n-acl-ar` package that installs `/usr/lib/lua/luci/i18n/acl.ar.lmo` file.
In order to quickly convert a single `.po` file to `.lmo` file for testing on the target system use the `po2lmo` utility.
You will need to compile it from the `luci-base` module:
$ cd modules/luci-base/src/
$ make po2lmo
$ ./po2lmo
Usage: ./po2lmo input.po output.lmo
Now you can compile and upload the translation:
./po2lmo ../../../applications/luci-app-acl/po/ar/acl.po ./acl.ar.lmo
scp ./acl.ar.lmo root@192.168.1.1:/usr/lib/lua/luci/i18n/
You can change languages in [System /Language and Style](http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/luci/admin/system/system) and check the translation.
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