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<h1>Object Instance <code>nixio.UnifiedIO</code></h1>
<p>
Unified high-level I/O utility API for Files, Sockets and TLS-Sockets.
These functions are added to the object function tables by doing <strong>
require "nixio.util"</strong>, can be used on all nixio IO Descriptors and
are based on the shared low-level read() and write() functions.</p>
<h2>Functions</h2>
<table class="function_list">
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.blocksource">UnifiedIO:blocksource</a> (blocksize, limit)</td>
<td class="summary">
Create a block-based iterator.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.close">UnifiedIO:close</a> ()</td>
<td class="summary">
Close the descriptor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.copy">UnifiedIO:copy</a> (fdout, size)</td>
<td class="summary">
Copy data from the current descriptor to another one.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.copyz">UnifiedIO:copyz</a> (fdout, size)</td>
<td class="summary">
Copy data from the current descriptor to another one using kernel-space
copying if possible.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.is_file">UnifiedIO:is_file</a> ()</td>
<td class="summary">
Test whether the I/O-Descriptor is a file.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.is_socket">UnifiedIO:is_socket</a> ()</td>
<td class="summary">
Test whether the I/O-Descriptor is a socket.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.is_tls_socket">UnifiedIO:is_tls_socket</a> ()</td>
<td class="summary">
Test whether the I/O-Descriptor is a TLS socket.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.linesource">UnifiedIO:linesource</a> (limit)</td>
<td class="summary">
Create a line-based iterator.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.readall">UnifiedIO:readall</a> (length)</td>
<td class="summary">
Read a block of data and wait until all data is available.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.sink">UnifiedIO:sink</a> (close_when_done)</td>
<td class="summary">
Create a sink.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#UnifiedIO.writeall">UnifiedIO:writeall</a> (block)</td>
<td class="summary">
Write a block of data and wait until all data is written.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/>
<br/>
<h2><a name="functions"></a>Functions</h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.blocksource"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:blocksource</strong> (blocksize, limit)</dt>
<dd>
Create a block-based iterator.
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>
blocksize: Advisory blocksize (optional)
</li>
<li>
limit: Amount of data to consume (optional)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>This function uses the low-level read function of the descriptor.
<li>The blocksize given is only advisory and to be seen as an upper limit,
if an underlying read returns less bytes the chunk is nevertheless returned.
<li>If the limit parameter is omitted, the iterator returns data
until an end-of-file, end-of-stream, connection shutdown or similar happens.
<li>The iterator will not buffer so it is safe to mix with calls to read.
<li>If the descriptor is non-blocking the iterator may fail with EAGAIN.
<li>The iterator can be used as an LTN12 source.
</ul>
<h3>Return value:</h3>
Block-based Iterator
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.close"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:close</strong> ()</dt>
<dd>
Close the descriptor.
<h3>Usage:</h3>
If the descriptor is a TLS-socket the underlying descriptor is
closed without touching the TLS connection.
<h3>Return value:</h3>
true
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.copy"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:copy</strong> (fdout, size)</dt>
<dd>
Copy data from the current descriptor to another one.
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>
fdout: Target Descriptor
</li>
<li>
size: Bytes to copy (optional)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>This function uses the blocksource function of the source descriptor
and the sink function of the target descriptor.
<li>If the limit parameter is omitted, data is copied
until an end-of-file, end-of-stream, connection shutdown or similar happens.
<li>If the descriptor is non-blocking the function may fail with EAGAIN.
</ul>
<h3>Return values:</h3>
<ol>
<li>bytes that were successfully written if no error occurred
<li>- reserved for error code -
<li>- reserved for error message -
<li>bytes that were successfully written even if an error occurred
</ol>
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.copyz"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:copyz</strong> (fdout, size)</dt>
<dd>
Copy data from the current descriptor to another one using kernel-space
copying if possible.
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>
fdout: Target Descriptor
</li>
<li>
size: Bytes to copy (optional)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>This function uses the sendfile() syscall to copy the data or the
blocksource function of the source descriptor and the sink function
of the target descriptor as a fallback mechanism.
<li>If the limit parameter is omitted, data is copied
until an end-of-file, end-of-stream, connection shutdown or similar happens.
<li>If the descriptor is non-blocking the function may fail with EAGAIN.
</ul>
<h3>Return values:</h3>
<ol>
<li>bytes that were successfully written if no error occurred
<li>- reserved for error code -
<li>- reserved for error message -
<li>bytes that were successfully written even if an error occurred
</ol>
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.is_file"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:is_file</strong> ()</dt>
<dd>
Test whether the I/O-Descriptor is a file.
<h3>Return value:</h3>
boolean
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.is_socket"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:is_socket</strong> ()</dt>
<dd>
Test whether the I/O-Descriptor is a socket.
<h3>Return value:</h3>
boolean
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.is_tls_socket"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:is_tls_socket</strong> ()</dt>
<dd>
Test whether the I/O-Descriptor is a TLS socket.
<h3>Return value:</h3>
boolean
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.linesource"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:linesource</strong> (limit)</dt>
<dd>
Create a line-based iterator.
Lines may end with either \n or \r\n, these control chars are not included
in the return value.
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>
limit: Line limit
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>This function uses the low-level read function of the descriptor.
<li><strong>Note:</strong> This function uses an internal buffer to read
ahead. Do NOT mix calls to read(all) and the returned iterator. If you want
to stop reading line-based and want to use the read(all) functions instead
you can pass "true" to the iterator which will flush the buffer
and return the bufferd data.
<li>If the limit parameter is omitted, this function uses the nixio
buffersize (8192B by default).
<li>If the descriptor is non-blocking the iterator may fail with EAGAIN.
<li>The iterator can be used as an LTN12 source.
</ul>
<h3>Return value:</h3>
Line-based Iterator
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.readall"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:readall</strong> (length)</dt>
<dd>
Read a block of data and wait until all data is available.
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>
length: Bytes to read (optional)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>This function uses the low-level read function of the descriptor.
<li>If the length parameter is omitted, this function returns all data
that can be read before an end-of-file, end-of-stream, connection shutdown
or similar happens.
<li>If the descriptor is non-blocking this function may fail with EAGAIN.
</ul>
<h3>Return values:</h3>
<ol>
<li>data that was successfully read if no error occurred
<li>- reserved for error code -
<li>- reserved for error message -
<li>data that was successfully read even if an error occurred
</ol>
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.sink"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:sink</strong> (close_when_done)</dt>
<dd>
Create a sink.
This sink will simply write all data that it receives and optionally
close the descriptor afterwards.
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>
close_when_done: (optional, boolean)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>This function uses the writeall function of the descriptor.
<li>If the descriptor is non-blocking the sink may fail with EAGAIN.
<li>The iterator can be used as an LTN12 sink.
</ul>
<h3>Return value:</h3>
Sink
</dd>
<dt><a name="UnifiedIO.writeall"></a><strong>UnifiedIO:writeall</strong> (block)</dt>
<dd>
Write a block of data and wait until all data is written.
<h3>Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>
block: Bytes to write
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>This function uses the low-level write function of the descriptor.
<li>If the descriptor is non-blocking this function may fail with EAGAIN.
</ul>
<h3>Return values:</h3>
<ol>
<li>bytes that were successfully written if no error occurred
<li>- reserved for error code -
<li>- reserved for error message -
<li>bytes that were successfully written even if an error occurred
</ol>
</dd>
</dl>
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