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---- General POSIX IO library.
-module "nixio"
-
---- Look up a hostname and service via DNS.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getaddrinfo
--- @param host hostname to lookup (optional)
--- @param family address family [<strong>"any"</strong>, "inet", "inet6"]
--- @param service service name or port (optional)
--- @return Table containing one or more tables containing: <ul>
--- <li>family = ["inet", "inet6"]</li>
--- <li>socktype = ["stream", "dgram", "raw"]</li>
--- <li>address = Resolved IP-Address</li>
--- <li>port = Resolved Port (if service was given)</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Reverse look up an IP-Address via DNS.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getnameinfo
--- @param ipaddr IPv4 or IPv6-Address
--- @return FQDN
-
---- (Linux, BSD) Get a list of available network interfaces and their addresses.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getifaddrs
--- @return Table containing one or more tables containing: <ul>
--- <li>name = Interface Name</li>
--- <li>family = ["inet", "inet6", "packet"]</li>
--- <li>addr = Interface Address (IPv4, IPv6, MAC, ...)</li>
--- <li>broadaddr = Broadcast Address</li>
--- <li>dstaddr = Destination Address (Point-to-Point)</li>
--- <li>netmask = Netmask (if available)</li>
--- <li>prefix = Prefix (if available)</li>
--- <li>flags = Table of interface flags (up, multicast, loopback, ...)</li>
--- <li>data = Statistics (Linux, "packet"-family)</li>
--- <li>hatype = Hardware Type Identifier (Linix, "packet"-family)</li>
--- <li>ifindex = Interface Index (Linux, "packet"-family)</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Get protocol entry by name.
--- @usage This function returns nil if the given protocol is unknown.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getprotobyname
--- @param name protocol name to lookup
--- @return Table containing the following fields: <ul>
--- <li>name = Protocol Name</li>
--- <li>proto = Protocol Number</li>
--- <li>aliases = Table of alias names</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Get protocol entry by number.
--- @usage This function returns nil if the given protocol is unknown.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getprotobynumber
--- @param proto protocol number to lookup
--- @return Table containing the following fields: <ul>
--- <li>name = Protocol Name</li>
--- <li>proto = Protocol Number</li>
--- <li>aliases = Table of alias names</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Get all or a specifc proto entry.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getproto
--- @param proto protocol number or name to lookup (optional)
--- @return Table (or if no parameter is given, a table of tables)
--- containing the following fields: <ul>
--- <li>name = Protocol Name</li>
--- <li>proto = Protocol Number</li>
--- <li>aliases = Table of alias names</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Create a new socket and bind it to a network address.
--- This function is a shortcut for calling nixio.socket and then bind()
--- on the socket object.
--- @usage This functions calls getaddrinfo(), socket(),
--- setsockopt() and bind() but NOT listen().
--- @usage The <em>reuseaddr</em>-option is automatically set before binding.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.bind
--- @param host Hostname or IP-Address (optional, default: all addresses)
--- @param port Port or service description
--- @param family Address family [<strong>"any"</strong>, "inet", "inet6"]
--- @param socktype Socket Type [<strong>"stream"</strong>, "dgram"]
--- @return Socket Object
-
---- Create a new socket and connect to a network address.
--- This function is a shortcut for calling nixio.socket and then connect()
--- on the socket object.
--- @usage This functions calls getaddrinfo(), socket() and connect().
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.connect
--- @param host Hostname or IP-Address (optional, default: localhost)
--- @param port Port or service description
--- @param family Address family [<strong>"any"</strong>, "inet", "inet6"]
--- @param socktype Socket Type [<strong>"stream"</strong>, "dgram"]
--- @return Socket Object
-
---- Open a file.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.open
--- @usage Although this function also supports the traditional fopen()
--- file flags it does not create a file stream but uses the open() syscall.
--- @param path Filesystem path to open
--- @param flags Flag string or number (see open_flags).
--- [<strong>"r"</strong>, "r+", "w", "w+", "a", "a+"]
--- @param mode File mode for newly created files (see chmod, umask).
--- @see nixio.umask
--- @see nixio.open_flags
--- @return File Object
-
---- Generate flags for a call to open().
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.open_flags
--- @usage This function cannot fail and will never return nil.
--- @usage The "nonblock" and "ndelay" flags are aliases.
--- @usage The "nonblock", "ndelay" and "sync" flags are no-ops on Windows.
--- @param flag1 First Flag ["append", "creat", "excl", "nonblock", "ndelay",
--- "sync", "trunc", "rdonly", "wronly", "rdwr"]
--- @param ... More Flags [-"-]
--- @return flag to be used as second paramter to open
-
---- Duplicate a file descriptor.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.dup
--- @usage This funcation calls dup2() if <em>newfd</em> is set, otherwise dup().
--- @param oldfd Old descriptor [File Object, Socket Object (POSIX only)]
--- @param newfd New descriptor to serve as copy (optional)
--- @return File Object of new descriptor
-
---- Create a pipe.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.pipe
--- @return File Object of the read end
--- @return File Object of the write end
-
---- Get the last system error code.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.errno
--- @return Error code
-
---- Get the error message for the corresponding error code.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.strerror
--- @param errno System error code
--- @return Error message
-
---- Sleep for a specified amount of time.
--- @class function
--- @usage Not all systems support nanosecond precision but you can expect
--- to have at least maillisecond precision.
--- @usage This function is not signal-protected and may fail with EINTR.
--- @param seconds Seconds to wait (optional)
--- @param nanoseconds Nanoseconds to wait (optional)
--- @name nixio.nanosleep
--- @return true
-
---- Generate events-bitfield or parse revents-bitfield for poll.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.poll_flags
--- @param mode1 revents-Flag bitfield returned from poll to parse OR
--- ["in", "out", "err", "pri" (POSIX), "hup" (POSIX), "nval" (POSIX)]
--- @param ... More mode strings for generating the flag [-"-]
--- @see nixio.poll
--- @return table with boolean fields reflecting the mode parameter
--- <strong>OR</strong> bitfield to use for the events-Flag field
-
---- Wait for some event on a file descriptor.
--- poll() sets the revents-field of the tables provided by fds to a bitfield
--- indicating the events that occured.
--- @class function
--- @usage This function works in-place on the provided table and only
--- writes the revents field, you can use other fields on your demand.
--- @usage All metamethods on the tables provided as fds are ignored.
--- @usage The revents-fields are not reset when the call times out.
--- You have to check the first return value to be 0 to handle this case.
--- @usage If you want to wait on a TLS-Socket you have to use the underlying
--- socket instead.
--- @usage On Windows poll is emulated through select(), can only be used
--- on socket descriptors and cannot take more than 64 descriptors per call.
--- @usage This function is not signal-protected and may fail with EINTR.
--- @param fds Table containing one or more tables containing <ul>
--- <li> fd = I/O Descriptor [Socket Object, File Object (POSIX)]</li>
--- <li> events = events to wait for (bitfield generated with poll_flags)</li>
--- </ul>
--- @param timeout Timeout in milliseconds
--- @name nixio.poll
--- @see nixio.poll_flags
--- @return number of ready IO descriptors
--- @return the fds-table with revents-fields set
-
---- (POSIX) Clone the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.fork
--- @return the child process id for the parent process, 0 for the child process
-
---- (POSIX) Send a signal to one or more processes.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.kill
--- @param target Target process of process group.
--- @param signal Signal to send
--- @return true
-
---- (POSIX) Get the parent process id of the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getppid
--- @return parent process id
-
---- (POSIX) Get the user id of the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getuid
--- @return process user id
-
---- (POSIX) Get the group id of the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getgid
--- @return process group id
-
---- (POSIX) Set the group id of the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.setgid
--- @param gid New Group ID
--- @return true
-
---- (POSIX) Set the user id of the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.setuid
--- @param gid New User ID
--- @return true
-
---- (POSIX) Change priority of current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.nice
--- @param nice Nice Value
--- @return true
-
---- (POSIX) Create a new session and set the process group ID.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.setsid
--- @return session id
-
---- (POSIX) Wait for a process to change state.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.waitpid
--- @usage If the "nohang" is given this function becomes non-blocking.
--- @param pid Process ID (optional, default: any childprocess)
--- @param flag1 Flag (optional) ["nohang", "untraced", "continued"]
--- @param ... More Flags [-"-]
--- @return process id of child or 0 if no child has changed state
--- @return ["exited", "signaled", "stopped"]
--- @return [exit code, terminate signal, stop signal]
-
---- (POSIX) Get process times.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.times
--- @return Table containing: <ul>
--- <li>utime = user time</li>
--- <li>utime = system time</li>
--- <li>cutime = children user time</li>
--- <li>cstime = children system time</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- (POSIX) Get information about current system and kernel.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.uname
--- @return Table containing: <ul>
--- <li>sysname = operating system</li>
--- <li>nodename = network name (usually hostname)</li>
--- <li>release = OS release</li>
--- <li>version = OS version</li>
--- <li>machine = hardware identifier</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Change the working directory.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.chdir
--- @param path New working directory
--- @return true
-
---- Ignore or use set the default handler for a signal.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.signal
--- @param signal Signal
--- @param handler ["ign", "dfl"]
--- @return true
-
---- Get the ID of the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getpid
--- @return process id
-
---- Get the current working directory.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getcwd
--- @return workign directory
-
---- Get the current environment table or a specific environment variable.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getenv
--- @param variable Variable (optional)
--- @return environment table or single environment variable
-
---- Set or unset a environment variable.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.setenv
--- @usage The environment variable will be unset if value is ommited.
--- @param variable Variable
--- @param value Value (optional)
--- @return true
-
---- Execute a file to replace the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.exec
--- @usage The name of the executable is automatically passed as argv[0]
--- @usage This function does not return on success.
--- @param executable Executable
--- @param ... Parameters
-
---- Invoke the shell and execute a file to replace the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.execp
--- @usage The name of the executable is automatically passed as argv[0]
--- @usage This function does not return on success.
--- @param executable Executable
--- @param ... Parameters
-
---- Execute a file with a custom environment to replace the current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.exece
--- @usage The name of the executable is automatically passed as argv[0]
--- @usage This function does not return on success.
--- @param executable Executable
--- @param arguments Argument Table
--- @param environment Environment Table (optional)
-
---- Sets the file mode creation mask.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.umask
--- @param mask New creation mask (see chmod for format specifications)
--- @return the old umask as decimal mode number
--- @return the old umask as mode string
-
---- (Linux) Get overall system statistics.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.sysinfo
--- @return Table containing: <ul>
--- <li>uptime = system uptime in seconds</li>
--- <li>loads = {loadavg1, loadavg5, loadavg15}</li>
--- <li>totalram = total RAM</li>
--- <li>freeram = free RAM</li>
--- <li>sharedram = shared RAM</li>
--- <li>bufferram = buffered RAM</li>
--- <li>totalswap = total SWAP</li>
--- <li>freeswap = free SWAP</li>
--- <li>procs = number of running processes</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Create a new socket.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.socket
--- @param domain Domain ["inet", "inet6", "unix"]
--- @param type Type ["stream", "dgram", "raw"]
--- @return Socket Object
-
---- (POSIX) Send data from a file to a socket in kernel-space.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.sendfile
--- @param socket Socket Object
--- @param file File Object
--- @param length Amount of data to send (in Bytes).
--- @return bytes sent
-
---- (Linux) Send data from / to a pipe in kernel-space.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.splice
--- @param fdin Input I/O descriptor
--- @param fdout Output I/O descriptor
--- @param length Amount of data to send (in Bytes).
--- @param flags (optional, bitfield generated by splice_flags)
--- @see nixio.splice_flags
--- @return bytes sent
-
---- (Linux) Generate a flag bitfield for a call to splice.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.splice_flags
--- @param flag1 First Flag ["move", "nonblock", "more"]
--- @param ... More flags [-"-]
--- @see nixio.splice
--- @return Flag bitfield
-
---- (POSIX) Open a connection to the system logger.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.openlog
--- @param ident Identifier
--- @param flag1 Flag 1 ["cons", "nowait", "pid", "perror", "ndelay", "odelay"]
--- @param ... More flags [-"-]
-
---- (POSIX) Close the connection to the system logger.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.closelog
-
---- (POSIX) Write a message to the system logger.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.syslog
--- @param priority Priority ["emerg", "alert", "crit", "err", "warning",
--- "notice", "info", "debug"]
--- @param message
-
---- (POSIX) Set the logmask of the system logger for current process.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.setlogmask
--- @param priority Priority ["emerg", "alert", "crit", "err", "warning",
--- "notice", "info", "debug"]
-
---- (POSIX) Encrypt a user password.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.crypt
--- @param key Key
--- @param salt Salt
--- @return password hash
-
---- (POSIX) Get all or a specific user group.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getgr
--- @param group Group ID or groupname (optional)
--- @return Table containing: <ul>
--- <li>name = Group Name</li>
--- <li>gid = Group ID</li>
--- <li>passwd = Password</li>
--- <li>mem = {Member #1, Member #2, ...}</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- (POSIX) Get all or a specific user account.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getpw
--- @param user User ID or username (optional)
--- @return Table containing: <ul>
--- <li>name = Name</li>
--- <li>uid = ID</li>
--- <li>gid = Group ID</li>
--- <li>passwd = Password</li>
--- <li>dir = Home directory</li>
--- <li>gecos = Information</li>
--- <li>shell = Shell</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- (Linux, Solaris) Get all or a specific shadow password entry.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.getsp
--- @param user username (optional)
--- @return Table containing: <ul>
--- <li>namp = Name</li>
--- <li>expire = Expiration Date</li>
--- <li>flag = Flags</li>
--- <li>inact = Inactivity Date</li>
--- <li>lstchg = Last change</li>
--- <li>max = Maximum</li>
--- <li>min = Minimum</li>
--- <li>warn = Warning</li>
--- <li>pwdp = Password Hash</li>
--- </ul>
-
---- Create a new TLS context.
--- @class function
--- @name nixio.tls
--- @param mode TLS-Mode ["client", "server"]
--- @return TLSContext Object