// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. package vfs import ( "bytes" "fmt" "sync/atomic" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/uniqueid" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem" "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter" ) // inotifyEventBaseSize is the base size of linux's struct inotify_event. This // must be a power 2 for rounding below. const inotifyEventBaseSize = 16 // EventType defines different kinds of inotfiy events. // // The way events are labelled appears somewhat arbitrary, but they must match // Linux so that IN_EXCL_UNLINK behaves as it does in Linux. type EventType uint8 // PathEvent and InodeEvent correspond to FSNOTIFY_EVENT_PATH and // FSNOTIFY_EVENT_INODE in Linux. const ( PathEvent EventType = iota InodeEvent EventType = iota ) // Inotify represents an inotify instance created by inotify_init(2) or // inotify_init1(2). Inotify implements FileDescriptionImpl. // // +stateify savable type Inotify struct { vfsfd FileDescription FileDescriptionDefaultImpl DentryMetadataFileDescriptionImpl NoLockFD // Unique identifier for this inotify instance. We don't just reuse the // inotify fd because fds can be duped. These should not be exposed to the // user, since we may aggressively reuse an id on S/R. id uint64 // queue is used to notify interested parties when the inotify instance // becomes readable or writable. queue waiter.Queue `state:"nosave"` // evMu *only* protects the events list. We need a separate lock while // queuing events: using mu may violate lock ordering, since at that point // the calling goroutine may already hold Watches.mu. evMu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"` // A list of pending events for this inotify instance. Protected by evMu. events eventList // A scratch buffer, used to serialize inotify events. Allocate this // ahead of time for the sake of performance. Protected by evMu. scratch []byte // mu protects the fields below. mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"` // nextWatchMinusOne is used to allocate watch descriptors on this Inotify // instance. Note that Linux starts numbering watch descriptors from 1. nextWatchMinusOne int32 // Map from watch descriptors to watch objects. watches map[int32]*Watch } var _ FileDescriptionImpl = (*Inotify)(nil) // NewInotifyFD constructs a new Inotify instance. func NewInotifyFD(ctx context.Context, vfsObj *VirtualFilesystem, flags uint32) (*FileDescription, error) { // O_CLOEXEC affects file descriptors, so it must be handled outside of vfs. flags &^= linux.O_CLOEXEC if flags&^linux.O_NONBLOCK != 0 { return nil, syserror.EINVAL } id := uniqueid.GlobalFromContext(ctx) vd := vfsObj.NewAnonVirtualDentry(fmt.Sprintf("[inotifyfd:%d]", id)) defer vd.DecRef(ctx) fd := &Inotify{ id: id, scratch: make([]byte, inotifyEventBaseSize), watches: make(map[int32]*Watch), } if err := fd.vfsfd.Init(fd, flags, vd.Mount(), vd.Dentry(), &FileDescriptionOptions{ UseDentryMetadata: true, DenyPRead: true, DenyPWrite: true, }); err != nil { return nil, err } return &fd.vfsfd, nil } // Release implements FileDescriptionImpl.Release. Release removes all // watches and frees all resources for an inotify instance. func (i *Inotify) Release(ctx context.Context) { var ds []*Dentry // We need to hold i.mu to avoid a race with concurrent calls to // Inotify.handleDeletion from Watches. There's no risk of Watches // accessing this Inotify after the destructor ends, because we remove all // references to it below. i.mu.Lock() for _, w := range i.watches { // Remove references to the watch from the watches set on the target. We // don't need to worry about the references from i.watches, since this // file description is about to be destroyed. d := w.target ws := d.Watches() // Watchable dentries should never return a nil watch set. if ws == nil { panic("Cannot remove watch from an unwatchable dentry") } ws.Remove(i.id) if ws.Size() == 0 { ds = append(ds, d) } } i.mu.Unlock() for _, d := range ds { d.OnZeroWatches(ctx) } } // Allocate implements FileDescription.Allocate. func (i *Inotify) Allocate(ctx context.Context, mode, offset, length uint64) error { panic("Allocate should not be called on read-only inotify fds") } // EventRegister implements waiter.Waitable. func (i *Inotify) EventRegister(e *waiter.Entry, mask waiter.EventMask) { i.queue.EventRegister(e, mask) } // EventUnregister implements waiter.Waitable. func (i *Inotify) EventUnregister(e *waiter.Entry) { i.queue.EventUnregister(e) } // Readiness implements waiter.Waitable.Readiness. // // Readiness indicates whether there are pending events for an inotify instance. func (i *Inotify) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask { ready := waiter.EventMask(0) i.evMu.Lock() defer i.evMu.Unlock() if !i.events.Empty() { ready |= waiter.EventIn } return mask & ready } // PRead implements FileDescriptionImpl.PRead. func (*Inotify) PRead(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence, offset int64, opts ReadOptions) (int64, error) { return 0, syserror.ESPIPE } // PWrite implements FileDescriptionImpl.PWrite. func (*Inotify) PWrite(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence, offset int64, opts WriteOptions) (int64, error) { return 0, syserror.ESPIPE } // Write implements FileDescriptionImpl.Write. func (*Inotify) Write(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence, opts WriteOptions) (int64, error) { return 0, syserror.EBADF } // Read implements FileDescriptionImpl.Read. func (i *Inotify) Read(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence, opts ReadOptions) (int64, error) { if dst.NumBytes() < inotifyEventBaseSize { return 0, syserror.EINVAL } i.evMu.Lock() defer i.evMu.Unlock() if i.events.Empty() { // Nothing to read yet, tell caller to block. return 0, syserror.ErrWouldBlock } var writeLen int64 for it := i.events.Front(); it != nil; { // Advance `it` before the element is removed from the list, or else // it.Next() will always be nil. event := it it = it.Next() // Does the buffer have enough remaining space to hold the event we're // about to write out? if dst.NumBytes() < int64(event.sizeOf()) { if writeLen > 0 { // Buffer wasn't big enough for all pending events, but we did // write some events out. return writeLen, nil } return 0, syserror.EINVAL } // Linux always dequeues an available event as long as there's enough // buffer space to copy it out, even if the copy below fails. Emulate // this behaviour. i.events.Remove(event) // Buffer has enough space, copy event to the read buffer. n, err := event.CopyTo(ctx, i.scratch, dst) if err != nil { return 0, err } writeLen += n dst = dst.DropFirst64(n) } return writeLen, nil } // Ioctl implements FileDescriptionImpl.Ioctl. func (i *Inotify) Ioctl(ctx context.Context, uio usermem.IO, args arch.SyscallArguments) (uintptr, error) { switch args[1].Int() { case linux.FIONREAD: i.evMu.Lock() defer i.evMu.Unlock() var n uint32 for e := i.events.Front(); e != nil; e = e.Next() { n += uint32(e.sizeOf()) } var buf [4]byte usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf[:], n) _, err := uio.CopyOut(ctx, args[2].Pointer(), buf[:], usermem.IOOpts{}) return 0, err default: return 0, syserror.ENOTTY } } func (i *Inotify) queueEvent(ev *Event) { i.evMu.Lock() // Check if we should coalesce the event we're about to queue with the last // one currently in the queue. Events are coalesced if they are identical. if last := i.events.Back(); last != nil { if ev.equals(last) { // "Coalesce" the two events by simply not queuing the new one. We // don't need to raise a waiter.EventIn notification because no new // data is available for reading. i.evMu.Unlock() return } } i.events.PushBack(ev) // Release mutex before notifying waiters because we don't control what they // can do. i.evMu.Unlock() i.queue.Notify(waiter.EventIn) } // newWatchLocked creates and adds a new watch to target. // // Precondition: i.mu must be locked. ws must be the watch set for target d. func (i *Inotify) newWatchLocked(d *Dentry, ws *Watches, mask uint32) *Watch { w := &Watch{ owner: i, wd: i.nextWatchIDLocked(), target: d, mask: mask, } // Hold the watch in this inotify instance as well as the watch set on the // target. i.watches[w.wd] = w ws.Add(w) return w } // newWatchIDLocked allocates and returns a new watch descriptor. // // Precondition: i.mu must be locked. func (i *Inotify) nextWatchIDLocked() int32 { i.nextWatchMinusOne++ return i.nextWatchMinusOne } // AddWatch constructs a new inotify watch and adds it to the target. It // returns the watch descriptor returned by inotify_add_watch(2). // // The caller must hold a reference on target. func (i *Inotify) AddWatch(target *Dentry, mask uint32) (int32, error) { // Note: Locking this inotify instance protects the result returned by // Lookup() below. With the lock held, we know for sure the lookup result // won't become stale because it's impossible for *this* instance to // add/remove watches on target. i.mu.Lock() defer i.mu.Unlock() ws := target.Watches() if ws == nil { // While Linux supports inotify watches on all filesystem types, watches on // filesystems like kernfs are not generally useful, so we do not. return 0, syserror.EPERM } // Does the target already have a watch from this inotify instance? if existing := ws.Lookup(i.id); existing != nil { newmask := mask if mask&linux.IN_MASK_ADD != 0 { // "Add (OR) events to watch mask for this pathname if it already // exists (instead of replacing mask)." -- inotify(7) newmask |= atomic.LoadUint32(&existing.mask) } atomic.StoreUint32(&existing.mask, newmask) return existing.wd, nil } // No existing watch, create a new watch. w := i.newWatchLocked(target, ws, mask) return w.wd, nil } // RmWatch looks up an inotify watch for the given 'wd' and configures the // target to stop sending events to this inotify instance. func (i *Inotify) RmWatch(ctx context.Context, wd int32) error { i.mu.Lock() // Find the watch we were asked to removed. w, ok := i.watches[wd] if !ok { i.mu.Unlock() return syserror.EINVAL } // Remove the watch from this instance. delete(i.watches, wd) // Remove the watch from the watch target. ws := w.target.Watches() // AddWatch ensures that w.target has a non-nil watch set. if ws == nil { panic("Watched dentry cannot have nil watch set") } ws.Remove(w.OwnerID()) remaining := ws.Size() i.mu.Unlock() if remaining == 0 { w.target.OnZeroWatches(ctx) } // Generate the event for the removal. i.queueEvent(newEvent(wd, "", linux.IN_IGNORED, 0)) return nil } // Watches is the collection of all inotify watches on a single file. // // +stateify savable type Watches struct { // mu protects the fields below. mu sync.RWMutex `state:"nosave"` // ws is the map of active watches in this collection, keyed by the inotify // instance id of the owner. ws map[uint64]*Watch } // Size returns the number of watches held by w. func (w *Watches) Size() int { w.mu.Lock() defer w.mu.Unlock() return len(w.ws) } // Lookup returns the watch owned by an inotify instance with the given id. // Returns nil if no such watch exists. // // Precondition: the inotify instance with the given id must be locked to // prevent the returned watch from being concurrently modified or replaced in // Inotify.watches. func (w *Watches) Lookup(id uint64) *Watch { w.mu.Lock() defer w.mu.Unlock() return w.ws[id] } // Add adds watch into this set of watches. // // Precondition: the inotify instance with the given id must be locked. func (w *Watches) Add(watch *Watch) { w.mu.Lock() defer w.mu.Unlock() owner := watch.OwnerID() // Sanity check, we should never have two watches for one owner on the // same target. if _, exists := w.ws[owner]; exists { panic(fmt.Sprintf("Watch collision with ID %+v", owner)) } if w.ws == nil { w.ws = make(map[uint64]*Watch) } w.ws[owner] = watch } // Remove removes a watch with the given id from this set of watches and // releases it. The caller is responsible for generating any watch removal // event, as appropriate. The provided id must match an existing watch in this // collection. // // Precondition: the inotify instance with the given id must be locked. func (w *Watches) Remove(id uint64) { w.mu.Lock() defer w.mu.Unlock() if w.ws == nil { // This watch set is being destroyed. The thread executing the // destructor is already in the process of deleting all our watches. We // got here with no references on the target because we raced with the // destructor notifying all the watch owners of destruction. See the // comment in Watches.HandleDeletion for why this race exists. return } // It is possible for w.Remove() to be called for the same watch multiple // times. See the treatment of one-shot watches in Watches.Notify(). if _, ok := w.ws[id]; ok { delete(w.ws, id) } } // Notify queues a new event with watches in this set. Watches with // IN_EXCL_UNLINK are skipped if the event is coming from a child that has been // unlinked. func (w *Watches) Notify(ctx context.Context, name string, events, cookie uint32, et EventType, unlinked bool) { var hasExpired bool w.mu.RLock() for _, watch := range w.ws { if unlinked && watch.ExcludeUnlinked() && et == PathEvent { continue } if watch.Notify(name, events, cookie) { hasExpired = true } } w.mu.RUnlock() if hasExpired { w.cleanupExpiredWatches(ctx) } } // This function is relatively expensive and should only be called where there // are expired watches. func (w *Watches) cleanupExpiredWatches(ctx context.Context) { // Because of lock ordering, we cannot acquire Inotify.mu for each watch // owner while holding w.mu. As a result, store expired watches locally // before removing. var toRemove []*Watch w.mu.RLock() for _, watch := range w.ws { if atomic.LoadInt32(&watch.expired) == 1 { toRemove = append(toRemove, watch) } } w.mu.RUnlock() for _, watch := range toRemove { watch.owner.RmWatch(ctx, watch.wd) } } // HandleDeletion is called when the watch target is destroyed. Clear the // watch set, detach watches from the inotify instances they belong to, and // generate the appropriate events. func (w *Watches) HandleDeletion(ctx context.Context) { w.Notify(ctx, "", linux.IN_DELETE_SELF, 0, InodeEvent, true /* unlinked */) // As in Watches.Notify, we can't hold w.mu while acquiring Inotify.mu for // the owner of each watch being deleted. Instead, atomically store the // watches map in a local variable and set it to nil so we can iterate over // it with the assurance that there will be no concurrent accesses. var ws map[uint64]*Watch w.mu.Lock() ws = w.ws w.ws = nil w.mu.Unlock() // Remove each watch from its owner's watch set, and generate a corresponding // watch removal event. for _, watch := range ws { i := watch.owner i.mu.Lock() _, found := i.watches[watch.wd] delete(i.watches, watch.wd) // Release mutex before notifying waiters because we don't control what // they can do. i.mu.Unlock() // If watch was not found, it was removed from the inotify instance before // we could get to it, in which case we should not generate an event. if found { i.queueEvent(newEvent(watch.wd, "", linux.IN_IGNORED, 0)) } } } // Watch represent a particular inotify watch created by inotify_add_watch. // // +stateify savable type Watch struct { // Inotify instance which owns this watch. // // This field is immutable after creation. owner *Inotify // Descriptor for this watch. This is unique across an inotify instance. // // This field is immutable after creation. wd int32 // target is a dentry representing the watch target. Its watch set contains this watch. // // This field is immutable after creation. target *Dentry // Events being monitored via this watch. Must be accessed with atomic // memory operations. mask uint32 // expired is set to 1 to indicate that this watch is a one-shot that has // already sent a notification and therefore can be removed. Must be accessed // with atomic memory operations. expired int32 } // OwnerID returns the id of the inotify instance that owns this watch. func (w *Watch) OwnerID() uint64 { return w.owner.id } // ExcludeUnlinked indicates whether the watched object should continue to be // notified of events originating from a path that has been unlinked. // // For example, if "foo/bar" is opened and then unlinked, operations on the // open fd may be ignored by watches on "foo" and "foo/bar" with IN_EXCL_UNLINK. func (w *Watch) ExcludeUnlinked() bool { return atomic.LoadUint32(&w.mask)&linux.IN_EXCL_UNLINK != 0 } // Notify queues a new event on this watch. Returns true if this is a one-shot // watch that should be deleted, after this event was successfully queued. func (w *Watch) Notify(name string, events uint32, cookie uint32) bool { if atomic.LoadInt32(&w.expired) == 1 { // This is a one-shot watch that is already in the process of being // removed. This may happen if a second event reaches the watch target // before this watch has been removed. return false } mask := atomic.LoadUint32(&w.mask) if mask&events == 0 { // We weren't watching for this event. return false } // Event mask should include bits matched from the watch plus all control // event bits. unmaskableBits := ^uint32(0) &^ linux.IN_ALL_EVENTS effectiveMask := unmaskableBits | mask matchedEvents := effectiveMask & events w.owner.queueEvent(newEvent(w.wd, name, matchedEvents, cookie)) if mask&linux.IN_ONESHOT != 0 { atomic.StoreInt32(&w.expired, 1) return true } return false } // Event represents a struct inotify_event from linux. // // +stateify savable type Event struct { eventEntry wd int32 mask uint32 cookie uint32 // len is computed based on the name field is set automatically by // Event.setName. It should be 0 when no name is set; otherwise it is the // length of the name slice. len uint32 // The name field has special padding requirements and should only be set by // calling Event.setName. name []byte } func newEvent(wd int32, name string, events, cookie uint32) *Event { e := &Event{ wd: wd, mask: events, cookie: cookie, } if name != "" { e.setName(name) } return e } // paddedBytes converts a go string to a null-terminated c-string, padded with // null bytes to a total size of 'l'. 'l' must be large enough for all the bytes // in the 's' plus at least one null byte. func paddedBytes(s string, l uint32) []byte { if l < uint32(len(s)+1) { panic("Converting string to byte array results in truncation, this can lead to buffer-overflow due to the missing null-byte!") } b := make([]byte, l) copy(b, s) // b was zero-value initialized during make(), so the rest of the slice is // already filled with null bytes. return b } // setName sets the optional name for this event. func (e *Event) setName(name string) { // We need to pad the name such that the entire event length ends up a // multiple of inotifyEventBaseSize. unpaddedLen := len(name) + 1 // Round up to nearest multiple of inotifyEventBaseSize. e.len = uint32((unpaddedLen + inotifyEventBaseSize - 1) & ^(inotifyEventBaseSize - 1)) // Make sure we haven't overflowed and wrapped around when rounding. if unpaddedLen > int(e.len) { panic("Overflow when rounding inotify event size, the 'name' field was too big.") } e.name = paddedBytes(name, e.len) } func (e *Event) sizeOf() int { s := inotifyEventBaseSize + int(e.len) if s < inotifyEventBaseSize { panic("Overflowed event size") } return s } // CopyTo serializes this event to dst. buf is used as a scratch buffer to // construct the output. We use a buffer allocated ahead of time for // performance. buf must be at least inotifyEventBaseSize bytes. func (e *Event) CopyTo(ctx context.Context, buf []byte, dst usermem.IOSequence) (int64, error) { usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf[0:], uint32(e.wd)) usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf[4:], e.mask) usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf[8:], e.cookie) usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf[12:], e.len) writeLen := 0 n, err := dst.CopyOut(ctx, buf) if err != nil { return 0, err } writeLen += n dst = dst.DropFirst(n) if e.len > 0 { n, err = dst.CopyOut(ctx, e.name) if err != nil { return 0, err } writeLen += n } // Santiy check. if writeLen != e.sizeOf() { panic(fmt.Sprintf("Serialized unexpected amount of data for an event, expected %d, wrote %d.", e.sizeOf(), writeLen)) } return int64(writeLen), nil } func (e *Event) equals(other *Event) bool { return e.wd == other.wd && e.mask == other.mask && e.cookie == other.cookie && e.len == other.len && bytes.Equal(e.name, other.name) } // InotifyEventFromStatMask generates the appropriate events for an operation // that set the stats specified in mask. func InotifyEventFromStatMask(mask uint32) uint32 { var ev uint32 if mask&(linux.STATX_UID|linux.STATX_GID|linux.STATX_MODE) != 0 { ev |= linux.IN_ATTRIB } if mask&linux.STATX_SIZE != 0 { ev |= linux.IN_MODIFY } if (mask & (linux.STATX_ATIME | linux.STATX_MTIME)) == (linux.STATX_ATIME | linux.STATX_MTIME) { // Both times indicates a utime(s) call. ev |= linux.IN_ATTRIB } else if mask&linux.STATX_ATIME != 0 { ev |= linux.IN_ACCESS } else if mask&linux.STATX_MTIME != 0 { mask |= linux.IN_MODIFY } return ev } // InotifyRemoveChild sends the appriopriate notifications to the watch sets of // the child being removed and its parent. Note that unlike most pairs of // parent/child notifications, the child is notified first in this case. func InotifyRemoveChild(ctx context.Context, self, parent *Watches, name string) { if self != nil { self.Notify(ctx, "", linux.IN_ATTRIB, 0, InodeEvent, true /* unlinked */) } if parent != nil { parent.Notify(ctx, name, linux.IN_DELETE, 0, InodeEvent, true /* unlinked */) } } // InotifyRename sends the appriopriate notifications to the watch sets of the // file being renamed and its old/new parents. func InotifyRename(ctx context.Context, renamed, oldParent, newParent *Watches, oldName, newName string, isDir bool) { var dirEv uint32 if isDir { dirEv = linux.IN_ISDIR } cookie := uniqueid.InotifyCookie(ctx) if oldParent != nil { oldParent.Notify(ctx, oldName, dirEv|linux.IN_MOVED_FROM, cookie, InodeEvent, false /* unlinked */) } if newParent != nil { newParent.Notify(ctx, newName, dirEv|linux.IN_MOVED_TO, cookie, InodeEvent, false /* unlinked */) } // Somewhat surprisingly, self move events do not have a cookie. if renamed != nil { renamed.Notify(ctx, "", linux.IN_MOVE_SELF, 0, InodeEvent, false /* unlinked */) } }