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-rw-r--r--test/perf/BUILD114
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/BUILD356
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/clock_getres_benchmark.cc39
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/clock_gettime_benchmark.cc60
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/death_benchmark.cc36
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/epoll_benchmark.cc99
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/fork_benchmark.cc350
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/futex_benchmark.cc248
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/getdents_benchmark.cc149
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/getpid_benchmark.cc37
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/gettid_benchmark.cc38
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/mapping_benchmark.cc163
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/open_benchmark.cc56
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/pipe_benchmark.cc66
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/randread_benchmark.cc100
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/read_benchmark.cc53
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/sched_yield_benchmark.cc37
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/send_recv_benchmark.cc372
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/seqwrite_benchmark.cc66
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/signal_benchmark.cc59
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/sleep_benchmark.cc60
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/stat_benchmark.cc62
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/unlink_benchmark.cc66
-rw-r--r--test/perf/linux/write_benchmark.cc52
24 files changed, 2738 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/test/perf/BUILD b/test/perf/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..346a28e16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+load("//test/runner:defs.bzl", "syscall_test")
+
+package(licenses = ["notice"])
+
+syscall_test(
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:clock_getres_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:clock_gettime_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:death_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:epoll_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:fork_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:futex_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "enormous",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:getdents_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:getpid_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "enormous",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:gettid_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:mapping_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ add_overlay = True,
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:open_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:pipe_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ add_overlay = True,
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:randread_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ add_overlay = True,
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:read_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:sched_yield_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:send_recv_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ add_overlay = True,
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:seqwrite_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "enormous",
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:signal_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:sleep_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ add_overlay = True,
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:stat_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "enormous",
+ add_overlay = True,
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:unlink_benchmark",
+)
+
+syscall_test(
+ size = "large",
+ add_overlay = True,
+ test = "//test/perf/linux:write_benchmark",
+)
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/BUILD b/test/perf/linux/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4e907826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "gbenchmark", "gtest")
+
+package(
+ default_visibility = ["//:sandbox"],
+ licenses = ["notice"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "getpid_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "getpid_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "send_recv_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "send_recv_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/syscalls/linux:socket_test_util",
+ "//test/util:file_descriptor",
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:posix_error",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ "//test/util:thread_util",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/synchronization",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "gettid_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "gettid_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "sched_yield_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "sched_yield_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "clock_getres_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "clock_getres_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "clock_gettime_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "clock_gettime_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/time",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "open_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "open_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:fs_util",
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "read_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "read_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:fs_util",
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "randread_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "randread_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:file_descriptor",
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/random",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "write_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "write_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "seqwrite_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "seqwrite_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/random",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "pipe_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "pipe_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ "//test/util:thread_util",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "fork_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "fork_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:cleanup",
+ "//test/util:file_descriptor",
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ "//test/util:thread_util",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/synchronization",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "futex_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "futex_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:thread_util",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/time",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "epoll_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "epoll_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:epoll_util",
+ "//test/util:file_descriptor",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ "//test/util:thread_util",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/time",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "death_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "death_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "mapping_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "mapping_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:memory_util",
+ "//test/util:posix_error",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "signal_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "signal_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "getdents_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "getdents_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:file_descriptor",
+ "//test/util:fs_util",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "sleep_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "sleep_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:logging",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "stat_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "stat_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:fs_util",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ "@com_google_absl//absl/strings",
+ ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+ name = "unlink_benchmark",
+ testonly = 1,
+ srcs = [
+ "unlink_benchmark.cc",
+ ],
+ deps = [
+ gbenchmark,
+ gtest,
+ "//test/util:fs_util",
+ "//test/util:temp_path",
+ "//test/util:test_main",
+ "//test/util:test_util",
+ ],
+)
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/clock_getres_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/clock_getres_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b051293ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/clock_getres_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// clock_getres(1) is very nearly a no-op syscall, but it does require copying
+// out to a userspace struct. It thus provides a nice small copy-out benchmark.
+void BM_ClockGetRes(benchmark::State& state) {
+ struct timespec ts;
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ clock_getres(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_ClockGetRes);
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/clock_gettime_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/clock_gettime_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6691bebd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/clock_gettime_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/time/clock.h"
+#include "absl/time/time.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_ClockGettimeThreadCPUTime(benchmark::State& state) {
+ clockid_t clockid;
+ ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_getcpuclockid(pthread_self(), &clockid));
+ struct timespec tp;
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ clock_gettime(clockid, &tp);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_ClockGettimeThreadCPUTime);
+
+void BM_VDSOClockGettime(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const clockid_t clock = state.range(0);
+ struct timespec tp;
+ absl::Time start = absl::Now();
+
+ // Don't benchmark the calibration phase.
+ while (absl::Now() < start + absl::Milliseconds(2100)) {
+ clock_gettime(clock, &tp);
+ }
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ clock_gettime(clock, &tp);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_VDSOClockGettime)->Arg(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)->Arg(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/death_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/death_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb2b6fd07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/death_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// DeathTest is not so much a microbenchmark as a macrobenchmark. It is testing
+// the ability of gVisor (on whatever platform) to execute all the related
+// stack-dumping routines associated with EXPECT_EXIT / EXPECT_DEATH.
+TEST(DeathTest, ZeroEqualsOne) {
+ EXPECT_EXIT({ TEST_CHECK(0 == 1); }, ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT), "");
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/epoll_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/epoll_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b121338a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/epoll_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/time/time.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/epoll_util.h"
+#include "test/util/file_descriptor.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+#include "test/util/thread_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Returns a new eventfd.
+PosixErrorOr<FileDescriptor> NewEventFD() {
+ int fd = eventfd(0, /* flags = */ 0);
+ MaybeSave();
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ return PosixError(errno, "eventfd");
+ }
+ return FileDescriptor(fd);
+}
+
+// Also stolen from epoll.cc unit tests.
+void BM_EpollTimeout(benchmark::State& state) {
+ constexpr int kFDsPerEpoll = 3;
+ auto epollfd = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(NewEpollFD());
+
+ std::vector<FileDescriptor> eventfds;
+ for (int i = 0; i < kFDsPerEpoll; i++) {
+ eventfds.push_back(ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(NewEventFD()));
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO(
+ RegisterEpollFD(epollfd.get(), eventfds[i].get(), EPOLLIN, 0));
+ }
+
+ struct epoll_event result[kFDsPerEpoll];
+ int timeout_ms = state.range(0);
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ EXPECT_EQ(0, epoll_wait(epollfd.get(), result, kFDsPerEpoll, timeout_ms));
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_EpollTimeout)->Range(0, 8);
+
+// Also stolen from epoll.cc unit tests.
+void BM_EpollAllEvents(benchmark::State& state) {
+ auto epollfd = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(NewEpollFD());
+ const int fds_per_epoll = state.range(0);
+ constexpr uint64_t kEventVal = 5;
+
+ std::vector<FileDescriptor> eventfds;
+ for (int i = 0; i < fds_per_epoll; i++) {
+ eventfds.push_back(ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(NewEventFD()));
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO(
+ RegisterEpollFD(epollfd.get(), eventfds[i].get(), EPOLLIN, 0));
+
+ ASSERT_THAT(WriteFd(eventfds[i].get(), &kEventVal, sizeof(kEventVal)),
+ SyscallSucceedsWithValue(sizeof(kEventVal)));
+ }
+
+ std::vector<struct epoll_event> result(fds_per_epoll);
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ EXPECT_EQ(fds_per_epoll,
+ epoll_wait(epollfd.get(), result.data(), fds_per_epoll, 0));
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_EpollAllEvents)->Range(2, 1024);
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/fork_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/fork_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84fdbc8a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/fork_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/synchronization/barrier.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/cleanup.h"
+#include "test/util/file_descriptor.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+#include "test/util/thread_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kBusyMax = 250;
+
+// Do some CPU-bound busy-work.
+int busy(int max) {
+ // Prevent the compiler from optimizing this work away,
+ volatile int count = 0;
+
+ for (int i = 1; i < max; i++) {
+ for (int j = 2; j < i / 2; j++) {
+ if (i % j == 0) {
+ count++;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return count;
+}
+
+void BM_CPUBoundUniprocess(benchmark::State& state) {
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ busy(kBusyMax);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_CPUBoundUniprocess);
+
+void BM_CPUBoundAsymmetric(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const size_t max = state.max_iterations;
+ pid_t child = fork();
+ if (child == 0) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+ busy(kBusyMax);
+ }
+ _exit(0);
+ }
+ ASSERT_THAT(child, SyscallSucceeds());
+ ASSERT_TRUE(state.KeepRunningBatch(max));
+
+ int status;
+ EXPECT_THAT(RetryEINTR(waitpid)(child, &status, 0), SyscallSucceeds());
+ EXPECT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+ EXPECT_EQ(0, WEXITSTATUS(status));
+ ASSERT_FALSE(state.KeepRunning());
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_CPUBoundAsymmetric)->UseRealTime();
+
+void BM_CPUBoundSymmetric(benchmark::State& state) {
+ std::vector<pid_t> children;
+ auto child_cleanup = Cleanup([&] {
+ for (const pid_t child : children) {
+ int status;
+ EXPECT_THAT(RetryEINTR(waitpid)(child, &status, 0), SyscallSucceeds());
+ EXPECT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+ EXPECT_EQ(0, WEXITSTATUS(status));
+ }
+ ASSERT_FALSE(state.KeepRunning());
+ });
+
+ const int processes = state.range(0);
+ for (int i = 0; i < processes; i++) {
+ size_t cur = (state.max_iterations + (processes - 1)) / processes;
+ if ((state.iterations() + cur) >= state.max_iterations) {
+ cur = state.max_iterations - state.iterations();
+ }
+ pid_t child = fork();
+ if (child == 0) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < cur; i++) {
+ busy(kBusyMax);
+ }
+ _exit(0);
+ }
+ ASSERT_THAT(child, SyscallSucceeds());
+ if (cur > 0) {
+ // We can have a zero cur here, depending.
+ ASSERT_TRUE(state.KeepRunningBatch(cur));
+ }
+ children.push_back(child);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_CPUBoundSymmetric)->Range(2, 16)->UseRealTime();
+
+// Child routine for ProcessSwitch/ThreadSwitch.
+// Reads from readfd and writes the result to writefd.
+void SwitchChild(int readfd, int writefd) {
+ while (1) {
+ char buf;
+ int ret = ReadFd(readfd, &buf, 1);
+ if (ret == 0) {
+ break;
+ }
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(ret == 1, "read failed");
+
+ ret = WriteFd(writefd, &buf, 1);
+ if (ret == -1) {
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(errno == EPIPE, "unexpected write failure");
+ break;
+ }
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(ret == 1, "write failed");
+ }
+}
+
+// Send bytes in a loop through a series of pipes, each passing through a
+// different process.
+//
+// Proc 0 Proc 1
+// * ----------> *
+// ^ Pipe 1 |
+// | |
+// | Pipe 0 | Pipe 2
+// | |
+// | |
+// | Pipe 3 v
+// * <---------- *
+// Proc 3 Proc 2
+//
+// This exercises context switching through multiple processes.
+void BM_ProcessSwitch(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Code below assumes there are at least two processes.
+ const int num_processes = state.range(0);
+ ASSERT_GE(num_processes, 2);
+
+ std::vector<pid_t> children;
+ auto child_cleanup = Cleanup([&] {
+ for (const pid_t child : children) {
+ int status;
+ EXPECT_THAT(RetryEINTR(waitpid)(child, &status, 0), SyscallSucceeds());
+ EXPECT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+ EXPECT_EQ(0, WEXITSTATUS(status));
+ }
+ });
+
+ // Must come after children, as the FDs must be closed before the children
+ // will exit.
+ std::vector<FileDescriptor> read_fds;
+ std::vector<FileDescriptor> write_fds;
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < num_processes; i++) {
+ int fds[2];
+ ASSERT_THAT(pipe(fds), SyscallSucceeds());
+ read_fds.emplace_back(fds[0]);
+ write_fds.emplace_back(fds[1]);
+ }
+
+ // This process is one of the processes in the loop. It will be considered
+ // index 0.
+ for (int i = 1; i < num_processes; i++) {
+ // Read from current pipe index, write to next.
+ const int read_index = i;
+ const int read_fd = read_fds[read_index].get();
+
+ const int write_index = (i + 1) % num_processes;
+ const int write_fd = write_fds[write_index].get();
+
+ // std::vector isn't safe to use from the fork child.
+ FileDescriptor* read_array = read_fds.data();
+ FileDescriptor* write_array = write_fds.data();
+
+ pid_t child = fork();
+ if (!child) {
+ // Close all other FDs.
+ for (int j = 0; j < num_processes; j++) {
+ if (j != read_index) {
+ read_array[j].reset();
+ }
+ if (j != write_index) {
+ write_array[j].reset();
+ }
+ }
+
+ SwitchChild(read_fd, write_fd);
+ _exit(0);
+ }
+ ASSERT_THAT(child, SyscallSucceeds());
+ children.push_back(child);
+ }
+
+ // Read from current pipe index (0), write to next (1).
+ const int read_index = 0;
+ const int read_fd = read_fds[read_index].get();
+
+ const int write_index = 1;
+ const int write_fd = write_fds[write_index].get();
+
+ // Kick start the loop.
+ char buf = 'a';
+ ASSERT_THAT(WriteFd(write_fd, &buf, 1), SyscallSucceedsWithValue(1));
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ ASSERT_THAT(ReadFd(read_fd, &buf, 1), SyscallSucceedsWithValue(1));
+ ASSERT_THAT(WriteFd(write_fd, &buf, 1), SyscallSucceedsWithValue(1));
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_ProcessSwitch)->Range(2, 16)->UseRealTime();
+
+// Equivalent to BM_ThreadSwitch using threads instead of processes.
+void BM_ThreadSwitch(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Code below assumes there are at least two threads.
+ const int num_threads = state.range(0);
+ ASSERT_GE(num_threads, 2);
+
+ // Must come after threads, as the FDs must be closed before the children
+ // will exit.
+ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ScopedThread>> threads;
+ std::vector<FileDescriptor> read_fds;
+ std::vector<FileDescriptor> write_fds;
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
+ int fds[2];
+ ASSERT_THAT(pipe(fds), SyscallSucceeds());
+ read_fds.emplace_back(fds[0]);
+ write_fds.emplace_back(fds[1]);
+ }
+
+ // This thread is one of the threads in the loop. It will be considered
+ // index 0.
+ for (int i = 1; i < num_threads; i++) {
+ // Read from current pipe index, write to next.
+ //
+ // Transfer ownership of the FDs to the thread.
+ const int read_index = i;
+ const int read_fd = read_fds[read_index].release();
+
+ const int write_index = (i + 1) % num_threads;
+ const int write_fd = write_fds[write_index].release();
+
+ threads.emplace_back(std::make_unique<ScopedThread>([read_fd, write_fd] {
+ FileDescriptor read(read_fd);
+ FileDescriptor write(write_fd);
+ SwitchChild(read.get(), write.get());
+ }));
+ }
+
+ // Read from current pipe index (0), write to next (1).
+ const int read_index = 0;
+ const int read_fd = read_fds[read_index].get();
+
+ const int write_index = 1;
+ const int write_fd = write_fds[write_index].get();
+
+ // Kick start the loop.
+ char buf = 'a';
+ ASSERT_THAT(WriteFd(write_fd, &buf, 1), SyscallSucceedsWithValue(1));
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ ASSERT_THAT(ReadFd(read_fd, &buf, 1), SyscallSucceedsWithValue(1));
+ ASSERT_THAT(WriteFd(write_fd, &buf, 1), SyscallSucceedsWithValue(1));
+ }
+
+ // The two FDs still owned by this thread are closed, causing the next thread
+ // to exit its loop and close its FDs, and so on until all threads exit.
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_ThreadSwitch)->Range(2, 16)->UseRealTime();
+
+void BM_ThreadStart(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int num_threads = state.range(0);
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ state.PauseTiming();
+
+ auto barrier = new absl::Barrier(num_threads + 1);
+ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ScopedThread>> threads;
+
+ state.ResumeTiming();
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i) {
+ threads.emplace_back(std::make_unique<ScopedThread>([barrier] {
+ if (barrier->Block()) {
+ delete barrier;
+ }
+ }));
+ }
+
+ if (barrier->Block()) {
+ delete barrier;
+ }
+
+ state.PauseTiming();
+
+ for (const auto& thread : threads) {
+ thread->Join();
+ }
+
+ state.ResumeTiming();
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_ThreadStart)->Range(1, 2048)->UseRealTime();
+
+// Benchmark the complete fork + exit + wait.
+void BM_ProcessLifecycle(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int num_procs = state.range(0);
+
+ std::vector<pid_t> pids(num_procs);
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < num_procs; ++i) {
+ int pid = fork();
+ if (pid == 0) {
+ _exit(0);
+ }
+ ASSERT_THAT(pid, SyscallSucceeds());
+ pids[i] = pid;
+ }
+
+ for (const int pid : pids) {
+ ASSERT_THAT(RetryEINTR(waitpid)(pid, nullptr, 0),
+ SyscallSucceedsWithValue(pid));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_ProcessLifecycle)->Range(1, 512)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/futex_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/futex_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b349d50bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/futex_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <linux/futex.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/time/clock.h"
+#include "absl/time/time.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/thread_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+inline int FutexWait(std::atomic<int32_t>* v, int32_t val) {
+ return syscall(SYS_futex, v, FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY, nullptr);
+}
+
+inline int FutexWaitRelativeTimeout(std::atomic<int32_t>* v, int32_t val,
+ const struct timespec* reltime) {
+ return syscall(SYS_futex, v, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, reltime);
+}
+
+inline int FutexWaitAbsoluteTimeout(std::atomic<int32_t>* v, int32_t val,
+ const struct timespec* abstime) {
+ return syscall(SYS_futex, v, FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY, abstime);
+}
+
+inline int FutexWaitBitsetAbsoluteTimeout(std::atomic<int32_t>* v, int32_t val,
+ int32_t bits,
+ const struct timespec* abstime) {
+ return syscall(SYS_futex, v, FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET_PRIVATE | FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME,
+ val, abstime, nullptr, bits);
+}
+
+inline int FutexWake(std::atomic<int32_t>* v, int32_t count) {
+ return syscall(SYS_futex, v, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, count);
+}
+
+// This just uses FUTEX_WAKE on an address with nothing waiting, very simple.
+void BM_FutexWakeNop(benchmark::State& state) {
+ std::atomic<int32_t> v(0);
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ EXPECT_EQ(0, FutexWake(&v, 1));
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FutexWakeNop);
+
+// This just uses FUTEX_WAIT on an address whose value has changed, i.e., the
+// syscall won't wait.
+void BM_FutexWaitNop(benchmark::State& state) {
+ std::atomic<int32_t> v(0);
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ EXPECT_EQ(-EAGAIN, FutexWait(&v, 1));
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FutexWaitNop);
+
+// This uses FUTEX_WAIT with a timeout on an address whose value never
+// changes, such that it always times out. Timeout overhead can be estimated by
+// timer overruns for short timeouts.
+void BM_FutexWaitTimeout(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int timeout_ns = state.range(0);
+ std::atomic<int32_t> v(0);
+ auto ts = absl::ToTimespec(absl::Nanoseconds(timeout_ns));
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ EXPECT_EQ(-ETIMEDOUT, FutexWaitRelativeTimeout(&v, 0, &ts));
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FutexWaitTimeout)
+ ->Arg(1)
+ ->Arg(10)
+ ->Arg(100)
+ ->Arg(1000)
+ ->Arg(10000);
+
+// This calls FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET with CLOCK_REALTIME.
+void BM_FutexWaitBitset(benchmark::State& state) {
+ std::atomic<int32_t> v(0);
+ int timeout_ns = state.range(0);
+ auto ts = absl::ToTimespec(absl::Nanoseconds(timeout_ns));
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ EXPECT_EQ(-ETIMEDOUT, FutexWaitBitsetAbsoluteTimeout(&v, 0, 1, &ts));
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FutexWaitBitset)->Range(0, 100000);
+
+int64_t GetCurrentMonotonicTimeNanos() {
+ struct timespec ts;
+ TEST_CHECK(clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != -1);
+ return ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + ts.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+void SpinNanos(int64_t delay_ns) {
+ if (delay_ns <= 0) {
+ return;
+ }
+ const int64_t end = GetCurrentMonotonicTimeNanos() + delay_ns;
+ while (GetCurrentMonotonicTimeNanos() < end) {
+ // spin
+ }
+}
+
+// Each iteration of FutexRoundtripDelayed involves a thread sending a futex
+// wakeup to another thread, which spins for delay_us and then sends a futex
+// wakeup back. The time per iteration is 2* (delay_us + kBeforeWakeDelayNs +
+// futex/scheduling overhead).
+void BM_FutexRoundtripDelayed(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int delay_us = state.range(0);
+
+ const int64_t delay_ns = delay_us * 1000;
+ // Spin for an extra kBeforeWakeDelayNs before invoking FUTEX_WAKE to reduce
+ // the probability that the wakeup comes before the wait, preventing the wait
+ // from ever taking effect and causing the benchmark to underestimate the
+ // actual wakeup time.
+ constexpr int64_t kBeforeWakeDelayNs = 500;
+ std::atomic<int32_t> v(0);
+ ScopedThread t([&] {
+ for (int i = 0; i < state.max_iterations; i++) {
+ SpinNanos(delay_ns);
+ while (v.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == 0) {
+ FutexWait(&v, 0);
+ }
+ SpinNanos(kBeforeWakeDelayNs + delay_ns);
+ v.store(0, std::memory_order_release);
+ FutexWake(&v, 1);
+ }
+ });
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ SpinNanos(kBeforeWakeDelayNs + delay_ns);
+ v.store(1, std::memory_order_release);
+ FutexWake(&v, 1);
+ SpinNanos(delay_ns);
+ while (v.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == 1) {
+ FutexWait(&v, 1);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FutexRoundtripDelayed)
+ ->Arg(0)
+ ->Arg(10)
+ ->Arg(20)
+ ->Arg(50)
+ ->Arg(100);
+
+// FutexLock is a simple, dumb futex based lock implementation.
+// It will try to acquire the lock by atomically incrementing the
+// lock word. If it did not increment the lock from 0 to 1, someone
+// else has the lock, so it will FUTEX_WAIT until it is woken in
+// the unlock path.
+class FutexLock {
+ public:
+ FutexLock() : lock_word_(0) {}
+
+ void lock(struct timespec* deadline) {
+ int32_t val;
+ while ((val = lock_word_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_acquire) + 1) !=
+ 1) {
+ // If we didn't get the lock by incrementing from 0 to 1,
+ // do a FUTEX_WAIT with the desired current value set to
+ // val. If val is no longer what the atomic increment returned,
+ // someone might have set it to 0 so we can try to acquire
+ // again.
+ int ret = FutexWaitAbsoluteTimeout(&lock_word_, val, deadline);
+ if (ret == 0 || ret == -EWOULDBLOCK || ret == -EINTR) {
+ continue;
+ } else {
+ FAIL() << "unexpected FUTEX_WAIT return: " << ret;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ void unlock() {
+ // Store 0 into the lock word and wake one waiter. We intentionally
+ // ignore the return value of the FUTEX_WAKE here, since there may be
+ // no waiters to wake anyway.
+ lock_word_.store(0, std::memory_order_release);
+ (void)FutexWake(&lock_word_, 1);
+ }
+
+ private:
+ std::atomic<int32_t> lock_word_;
+};
+
+FutexLock* test_lock; // Used below.
+
+void FutexContend(benchmark::State& state, int thread_index,
+ struct timespec* deadline) {
+ int counter = 0;
+ if (thread_index == 0) {
+ test_lock = new FutexLock();
+ }
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ test_lock->lock(deadline);
+ counter++;
+ test_lock->unlock();
+ }
+ if (thread_index == 0) {
+ delete test_lock;
+ }
+ state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations());
+}
+
+void BM_FutexContend(benchmark::State& state) {
+ FutexContend(state, state.thread_index, nullptr);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FutexContend)->ThreadRange(1, 1024)->UseRealTime();
+
+void BM_FutexDeadlineContend(benchmark::State& state) {
+ auto deadline = absl::ToTimespec(absl::Now() + absl::Minutes(10));
+ FutexContend(state, state.thread_index, &deadline);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FutexDeadlineContend)->ThreadRange(1, 1024)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/getdents_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/getdents_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afc599ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/getdents_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/file_descriptor.h"
+#include "test/util/fs_util.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+#ifndef SYS_getdents64
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+#define SYS_getdents64 217
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+#define SYS_getdents64 217
+#else
+#error "Unknown architecture"
+#endif
+#endif // SYS_getdents64
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kBufferSize = 16384;
+
+PosixErrorOr<TempPath> CreateDirectory(int count,
+ std::vector<std::string>* files) {
+ ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_ERRNO(TempPath dir, TempPath::CreateDir());
+
+ ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_ERRNO(FileDescriptor dfd,
+ Open(dir.path(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY));
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+ auto file = NewTempRelPath();
+ auto res = MknodAt(dfd, file, S_IFREG | 0644, 0);
+ RETURN_IF_ERRNO(res);
+ files->push_back(file);
+ }
+
+ return std::move(dir);
+}
+
+PosixError CleanupDirectory(const TempPath& dir,
+ std::vector<std::string>* files) {
+ ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_ERRNO(FileDescriptor dfd,
+ Open(dir.path(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY));
+
+ for (auto it = files->begin(); it != files->end(); ++it) {
+ auto res = UnlinkAt(dfd, *it, 0);
+ RETURN_IF_ERRNO(res);
+ }
+ return NoError();
+}
+
+// Creates a directory containing `files` files, and reads all the directory
+// entries from the directory using a single FD.
+void BM_GetdentsSameFD(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Create directory with given files.
+ const int count = state.range(0);
+
+ // Keep a vector of all of the file TempPaths that is destroyed before dir.
+ //
+ // Normally, we'd simply allow dir to recursively clean up the contained
+ // files, but that recursive cleanup uses getdents, which may be very slow in
+ // extreme benchmarks.
+ TempPath dir;
+ std::vector<std::string> files;
+ dir = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(CreateDirectory(count, &files));
+
+ FileDescriptor fd =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Open(dir.path(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY));
+ char buffer[kBufferSize];
+
+ // We read all directory entries on each iteration, but report this as a
+ // "batch" iteration so that reported times are per file.
+ while (state.KeepRunningBatch(count)) {
+ ASSERT_THAT(lseek(fd.get(), 0, SEEK_SET), SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ int ret;
+ do {
+ ASSERT_THAT(ret = syscall(SYS_getdents64, fd.get(), buffer, kBufferSize),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+ } while (ret > 0);
+ }
+
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO(CleanupDirectory(dir, &files));
+
+ state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations());
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_GetdentsSameFD)->Range(1, 1 << 16)->UseRealTime();
+
+// Creates a directory containing `files` files, and reads all the directory
+// entries from the directory using a new FD each time.
+void BM_GetdentsNewFD(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Create directory with given files.
+ const int count = state.range(0);
+
+ // Keep a vector of all of the file TempPaths that is destroyed before dir.
+ //
+ // Normally, we'd simply allow dir to recursively clean up the contained
+ // files, but that recursive cleanup uses getdents, which may be very slow in
+ // extreme benchmarks.
+ TempPath dir;
+ std::vector<std::string> files;
+ dir = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(CreateDirectory(count, &files));
+ char buffer[kBufferSize];
+
+ // We read all directory entries on each iteration, but report this as a
+ // "batch" iteration so that reported times are per file.
+ while (state.KeepRunningBatch(count)) {
+ FileDescriptor fd =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Open(dir.path(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY));
+
+ int ret;
+ do {
+ ASSERT_THAT(ret = syscall(SYS_getdents64, fd.get(), buffer, kBufferSize),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+ } while (ret > 0);
+ }
+
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO(CleanupDirectory(dir, &files));
+
+ state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations());
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_GetdentsNewFD)->Range(1, 1 << 12)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/getpid_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/getpid_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db74cb264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/getpid_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Getpid(benchmark::State& state) {
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ syscall(SYS_getpid);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Getpid);
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/gettid_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/gettid_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f4961f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/gettid_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Gettid(benchmark::State& state) {
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ syscall(SYS_gettid);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Gettid)->ThreadRange(1, 4000)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/mapping_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/mapping_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39c30fe69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/mapping_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/memory_util.h"
+#include "test/util/posix_error.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Conservative value for /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count, which limits the number of
+// VMAs, minus a safety margin for VMAs that already exist for the test binary.
+// The default value for max_map_count is
+// include/linux/mm.h:DEFAULT_MAX_MAP_COUNT = 65530.
+constexpr size_t kMaxVMAs = 64001;
+
+// Map then unmap pages without touching them.
+void BM_MapUnmap(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Number of pages to map.
+ const int pages = state.range(0);
+
+ while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+ void* addr = mmap(0, pages * kPageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+ MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(addr != MAP_FAILED, "mmap failed");
+
+ int ret = munmap(addr, pages * kPageSize);
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(ret == 0, "munmap failed");
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_MapUnmap)->Range(1, 1 << 17)->UseRealTime();
+
+// Map, touch, then unmap pages.
+void BM_MapTouchUnmap(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Number of pages to map.
+ const int pages = state.range(0);
+
+ while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+ void* addr = mmap(0, pages * kPageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+ MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(addr != MAP_FAILED, "mmap failed");
+
+ char* c = reinterpret_cast<char*>(addr);
+ char* end = c + pages * kPageSize;
+ while (c < end) {
+ *c = 42;
+ c += kPageSize;
+ }
+
+ int ret = munmap(addr, pages * kPageSize);
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(ret == 0, "munmap failed");
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_MapTouchUnmap)->Range(1, 1 << 17)->UseRealTime();
+
+// Map and touch many pages, unmapping all at once.
+//
+// NOTE(b/111429208): This is a regression test to ensure performant mapping and
+// allocation even with tons of mappings.
+void BM_MapTouchMany(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Number of pages to map.
+ const int page_count = state.range(0);
+
+ while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+ std::vector<void*> pages;
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < page_count; i++) {
+ void* addr = mmap(nullptr, kPageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+ MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(addr != MAP_FAILED, "mmap failed");
+
+ char* c = reinterpret_cast<char*>(addr);
+ *c = 42;
+
+ pages.push_back(addr);
+ }
+
+ for (void* addr : pages) {
+ int ret = munmap(addr, kPageSize);
+ TEST_CHECK_MSG(ret == 0, "munmap failed");
+ }
+ }
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(kPageSize * page_count * state.iterations());
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_MapTouchMany)->Range(1, 1 << 12)->UseRealTime();
+
+void BM_PageFault(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Map the region in which we will take page faults. To ensure that each page
+ // fault maps only a single page, each page we touch must correspond to a
+ // distinct VMA. Thus we need a 1-page gap between each 1-page VMA. However,
+ // each gap consists of a PROT_NONE VMA, instead of an unmapped hole, so that
+ // if there are background threads running, they can't inadvertently creating
+ // mappings in our gaps that are unmapped when the test ends.
+ size_t test_pages = kMaxVMAs;
+ // Ensure that test_pages is odd, since we want the test region to both
+ // begin and end with a mapped page.
+ if (test_pages % 2 == 0) {
+ test_pages--;
+ }
+ const size_t test_region_bytes = test_pages * kPageSize;
+ // Use MAP_SHARED here because madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) on private mappings on
+ // gVisor won't force future sentry page faults (by design). Use MAP_POPULATE
+ // so that Linux pre-allocates the shmem file used to back the mapping.
+ Mapping m = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(
+ MmapAnon(test_region_bytes, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_POPULATE));
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < test_pages / 2; i++) {
+ ASSERT_THAT(
+ mprotect(reinterpret_cast<void*>(m.addr() + ((2 * i + 1) * kPageSize)),
+ kPageSize, PROT_NONE),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+ }
+
+ const size_t mapped_pages = test_pages / 2 + 1;
+ // "Start" at the end of the mapped region to force the mapped region to be
+ // reset, since we mapped it with MAP_POPULATE.
+ size_t cur_page = mapped_pages;
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ if (cur_page >= mapped_pages) {
+ // We've reached the end of our mapped region and have to reset it to
+ // incur page faults again.
+ state.PauseTiming();
+ ASSERT_THAT(madvise(m.ptr(), test_region_bytes, MADV_DONTNEED),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+ cur_page = 0;
+ state.ResumeTiming();
+ }
+ const uintptr_t addr = m.addr() + (2 * cur_page * kPageSize);
+ const char c = *reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(addr);
+ benchmark::DoNotOptimize(c);
+ cur_page++;
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_PageFault)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/open_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/open_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68008f6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/open_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/fs_util.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Open(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int size = state.range(0);
+ std::vector<TempPath> cache;
+ for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+ auto path = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateFile());
+ cache.emplace_back(std::move(path));
+ }
+
+ unsigned int seed = 1;
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ const int chosen = rand_r(&seed) % size;
+ int fd = open(cache[chosen].path().c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+ TEST_CHECK(fd != -1);
+ close(fd);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Open)->Range(1, 128)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/pipe_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/pipe_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f5f6a2a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/pipe_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cerrno>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+#include "test/util/thread_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Pipe(benchmark::State& state) {
+ int fds[2];
+ TEST_CHECK(pipe(fds) == 0);
+
+ const int size = state.range(0);
+ std::vector<char> wbuf(size);
+ std::vector<char> rbuf(size);
+ RandomizeBuffer(wbuf.data(), size);
+
+ ScopedThread t([&] {
+ auto const fd = fds[1];
+ for (int i = 0; i < state.max_iterations; i++) {
+ TEST_CHECK(WriteFd(fd, wbuf.data(), wbuf.size()) == size);
+ }
+ });
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ TEST_CHECK(ReadFd(fds[0], rbuf.data(), rbuf.size()) == size);
+ }
+
+ t.Join();
+
+ close(fds[0]);
+ close(fds[1]);
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(static_cast<int64_t>(size) *
+ static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations()));
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Pipe)->Range(1, 1 << 20)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/randread_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/randread_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0eb8c24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/randread_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/file_descriptor.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Create a 1GB file that will be read from at random positions. This should
+// invalid any performance gains from caching.
+const uint64_t kFileSize = 1ULL << 30;
+
+// How many bytes to write at once to initialize the file used to read from.
+const uint32_t kWriteSize = 65536;
+
+// Largest benchmarked read unit.
+const uint32_t kMaxRead = 1UL << 26;
+
+TempPath CreateFile(uint64_t file_size) {
+ auto path = TempPath::CreateFile().ValueOrDie();
+ FileDescriptor fd = Open(path.path(), O_WRONLY).ValueOrDie();
+
+ // Try to minimize syscalls by using maximum size writev() requests.
+ std::vector<char> buffer(kWriteSize);
+ RandomizeBuffer(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+ const std::vector<std::vector<struct iovec>> iovecs_list =
+ GenerateIovecs(file_size, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+ for (const auto& iovecs : iovecs_list) {
+ TEST_CHECK(writev(fd.get(), iovecs.data(), iovecs.size()) >= 0);
+ }
+
+ return path;
+}
+
+// Global test state, initialized once per process lifetime.
+struct GlobalState {
+ const TempPath tmpfile;
+ explicit GlobalState(TempPath tfile) : tmpfile(std::move(tfile)) {}
+};
+
+GlobalState& GetGlobalState() {
+ // This gets created only once throughout the lifetime of the process.
+ // Use a dynamically allocated object (that is never deleted) to avoid order
+ // of destruction of static storage variables issues.
+ static GlobalState* const state =
+ // The actual file size is the maximum random seek range (kFileSize) + the
+ // maximum read size so we can read that number of bytes at the end of the
+ // file.
+ new GlobalState(CreateFile(kFileSize + kMaxRead));
+ return *state;
+}
+
+void BM_RandRead(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int size = state.range(0);
+
+ GlobalState& global_state = GetGlobalState();
+ FileDescriptor fd =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Open(global_state.tmpfile.path(), O_RDONLY));
+ std::vector<char> buf(size);
+
+ unsigned int seed = 1;
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ TEST_CHECK(PreadFd(fd.get(), buf.data(), buf.size(),
+ rand_r(&seed) % kFileSize) == size);
+ }
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(static_cast<int64_t>(size) *
+ static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations()));
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_RandRead)->Range(1, kMaxRead)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/read_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/read_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62445867d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/read_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/fs_util.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Read(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int size = state.range(0);
+ const std::string contents(size, 0);
+ auto path = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateFileWith(
+ GetAbsoluteTestTmpdir(), contents, TempPath::kDefaultFileMode));
+ FileDescriptor fd = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Open(path.path(), O_RDONLY));
+
+ std::vector<char> buf(size);
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ TEST_CHECK(PreadFd(fd.get(), buf.data(), buf.size(), 0) == size);
+ }
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(static_cast<int64_t>(size) *
+ static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations()));
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Read)->Range(1, 1 << 26)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/sched_yield_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/sched_yield_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6756b5575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/sched_yield_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <sched.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Sched_yield(benchmark::State& state) {
+ for (auto ignored : state) {
+ TEST_CHECK(sched_yield() == 0);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Sched_yield)->ThreadRange(1, 2000)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/send_recv_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/send_recv_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d73e49523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/send_recv_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/synchronization/notification.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/syscalls/linux/socket_test_util.h"
+#include "test/util/file_descriptor.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/posix_error.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+#include "test/util/thread_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr ssize_t kMessageSize = 1024;
+
+class Message {
+ public:
+ explicit Message(int byte = 0) : Message(byte, kMessageSize, 0) {}
+
+ explicit Message(int byte, int sz) : Message(byte, sz, 0) {}
+
+ explicit Message(int byte, int sz, int cmsg_sz)
+ : buffer_(sz, byte), cmsg_buffer_(cmsg_sz, 0) {
+ iov_.iov_base = buffer_.data();
+ iov_.iov_len = sz;
+ hdr_.msg_iov = &iov_;
+ hdr_.msg_iovlen = 1;
+ hdr_.msg_control = cmsg_buffer_.data();
+ hdr_.msg_controllen = cmsg_sz;
+ }
+
+ struct msghdr* header() {
+ return &hdr_;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ std::vector<char> buffer_;
+ std::vector<char> cmsg_buffer_;
+ struct iovec iov_ = {};
+ struct msghdr hdr_ = {};
+};
+
+void BM_Recvmsg(benchmark::State& state) {
+ int sockets[2];
+ TEST_CHECK(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockets) == 0);
+ FileDescriptor send_socket(sockets[0]), recv_socket(sockets[1]);
+ absl::Notification notification;
+ Message send_msg('a'), recv_msg;
+
+ ScopedThread t([&send_msg, &send_socket, &notification] {
+ while (!notification.HasBeenNotified()) {
+ sendmsg(send_socket.get(), send_msg.header(), 0);
+ }
+ });
+
+ int64_t bytes_received = 0;
+ for (auto ignored : state) {
+ int n = recvmsg(recv_socket.get(), recv_msg.header(), 0);
+ TEST_CHECK(n > 0);
+ bytes_received += n;
+ }
+
+ notification.Notify();
+ recv_socket.reset();
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(bytes_received);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Recvmsg)->UseRealTime();
+
+void BM_Sendmsg(benchmark::State& state) {
+ int sockets[2];
+ TEST_CHECK(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockets) == 0);
+ FileDescriptor send_socket(sockets[0]), recv_socket(sockets[1]);
+ absl::Notification notification;
+ Message send_msg('a'), recv_msg;
+
+ ScopedThread t([&recv_msg, &recv_socket, &notification] {
+ while (!notification.HasBeenNotified()) {
+ recvmsg(recv_socket.get(), recv_msg.header(), 0);
+ }
+ });
+
+ int64_t bytes_sent = 0;
+ for (auto ignored : state) {
+ int n = sendmsg(send_socket.get(), send_msg.header(), 0);
+ TEST_CHECK(n > 0);
+ bytes_sent += n;
+ }
+
+ notification.Notify();
+ send_socket.reset();
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(bytes_sent);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Sendmsg)->UseRealTime();
+
+void BM_Recvfrom(benchmark::State& state) {
+ int sockets[2];
+ TEST_CHECK(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockets) == 0);
+ FileDescriptor send_socket(sockets[0]), recv_socket(sockets[1]);
+ absl::Notification notification;
+ char send_buffer[kMessageSize], recv_buffer[kMessageSize];
+
+ ScopedThread t([&send_socket, &send_buffer, &notification] {
+ while (!notification.HasBeenNotified()) {
+ sendto(send_socket.get(), send_buffer, kMessageSize, 0, nullptr, 0);
+ }
+ });
+
+ int bytes_received = 0;
+ for (auto ignored : state) {
+ int n = recvfrom(recv_socket.get(), recv_buffer, kMessageSize, 0, nullptr,
+ nullptr);
+ TEST_CHECK(n > 0);
+ bytes_received += n;
+ }
+
+ notification.Notify();
+ recv_socket.reset();
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(bytes_received);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Recvfrom)->UseRealTime();
+
+void BM_Sendto(benchmark::State& state) {
+ int sockets[2];
+ TEST_CHECK(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockets) == 0);
+ FileDescriptor send_socket(sockets[0]), recv_socket(sockets[1]);
+ absl::Notification notification;
+ char send_buffer[kMessageSize], recv_buffer[kMessageSize];
+
+ ScopedThread t([&recv_socket, &recv_buffer, &notification] {
+ while (!notification.HasBeenNotified()) {
+ recvfrom(recv_socket.get(), recv_buffer, kMessageSize, 0, nullptr,
+ nullptr);
+ }
+ });
+
+ int64_t bytes_sent = 0;
+ for (auto ignored : state) {
+ int n = sendto(send_socket.get(), send_buffer, kMessageSize, 0, nullptr, 0);
+ TEST_CHECK(n > 0);
+ bytes_sent += n;
+ }
+
+ notification.Notify();
+ send_socket.reset();
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(bytes_sent);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Sendto)->UseRealTime();
+
+PosixErrorOr<sockaddr_storage> InetLoopbackAddr(int family) {
+ struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+ memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+ addr.ss_family = family;
+ switch (family) {
+ case AF_INET:
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in*>(&addr)->sin_addr.s_addr =
+ htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
+ break;
+ case AF_INET6:
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6*>(&addr)->sin6_addr =
+ in6addr_loopback;
+ break;
+ default:
+ return PosixError(EINVAL,
+ absl::StrCat("unknown socket family: ", family));
+ }
+ return addr;
+}
+
+// BM_RecvmsgWithControlBuf measures the performance of recvmsg when we allocate
+// space for control messages. Note that we do not expect to receive any.
+void BM_RecvmsgWithControlBuf(benchmark::State& state) {
+ auto listen_socket =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP));
+
+ // Initialize address to the loopback one.
+ sockaddr_storage addr = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(InetLoopbackAddr(AF_INET6));
+ socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(addr);
+
+ // Bind to some port then start listening.
+ ASSERT_THAT(bind(listen_socket.get(),
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr), addrlen),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ ASSERT_THAT(listen(listen_socket.get(), SOMAXCONN), SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ // Get the address we're listening on, then connect to it. We need to do this
+ // because we're allowing the stack to pick a port for us.
+ ASSERT_THAT(getsockname(listen_socket.get(),
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr), &addrlen),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ auto send_socket =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP));
+
+ ASSERT_THAT(
+ RetryEINTR(connect)(send_socket.get(),
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr), addrlen),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ // Accept the connection.
+ auto recv_socket =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Accept(listen_socket.get(), nullptr, nullptr));
+
+ absl::Notification notification;
+ Message send_msg('a');
+ // Create a msghdr with a buffer allocated for control messages.
+ Message recv_msg(0, kMessageSize, /*cmsg_sz=*/24);
+
+ ScopedThread t([&send_msg, &send_socket, &notification] {
+ while (!notification.HasBeenNotified()) {
+ sendmsg(send_socket.get(), send_msg.header(), 0);
+ }
+ });
+
+ int64_t bytes_received = 0;
+ for (auto ignored : state) {
+ int n = recvmsg(recv_socket.get(), recv_msg.header(), 0);
+ TEST_CHECK(n > 0);
+ bytes_received += n;
+ }
+
+ notification.Notify();
+ recv_socket.reset();
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(bytes_received);
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_RecvmsgWithControlBuf)->UseRealTime();
+
+// BM_SendmsgTCP measures the sendmsg throughput with varying payload sizes.
+//
+// state.Args[0] indicates whether the underlying socket should be blocking or
+// non-blocking w/ 0 indicating non-blocking and 1 to indicate blocking.
+// state.Args[1] is the size of the payload to be used per sendmsg call.
+void BM_SendmsgTCP(benchmark::State& state) {
+ auto listen_socket =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP));
+
+ // Initialize address to the loopback one.
+ sockaddr_storage addr = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(InetLoopbackAddr(AF_INET));
+ socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(addr);
+
+ // Bind to some port then start listening.
+ ASSERT_THAT(bind(listen_socket.get(),
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr), addrlen),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ ASSERT_THAT(listen(listen_socket.get(), SOMAXCONN), SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ // Get the address we're listening on, then connect to it. We need to do this
+ // because we're allowing the stack to pick a port for us.
+ ASSERT_THAT(getsockname(listen_socket.get(),
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr), &addrlen),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ auto send_socket =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP));
+
+ ASSERT_THAT(
+ RetryEINTR(connect)(send_socket.get(),
+ reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr), addrlen),
+ SyscallSucceeds());
+
+ // Accept the connection.
+ auto recv_socket =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Accept(listen_socket.get(), nullptr, nullptr));
+
+ // Check if we want to run the test w/ a blocking send socket
+ // or non-blocking.
+ const int blocking = state.range(0);
+ if (!blocking) {
+ // Set the send FD to O_NONBLOCK.
+ int opts;
+ ASSERT_THAT(opts = fcntl(send_socket.get(), F_GETFL), SyscallSucceeds());
+ opts |= O_NONBLOCK;
+ ASSERT_THAT(fcntl(send_socket.get(), F_SETFL, opts), SyscallSucceeds());
+ }
+
+ absl::Notification notification;
+
+ // Get the buffer size we should use for this iteration of the test.
+ const int buf_size = state.range(1);
+ Message send_msg('a', buf_size), recv_msg(0, buf_size);
+
+ ScopedThread t([&recv_msg, &recv_socket, &notification] {
+ while (!notification.HasBeenNotified()) {
+ TEST_CHECK(recvmsg(recv_socket.get(), recv_msg.header(), 0) >= 0);
+ }
+ });
+
+ int64_t bytes_sent = 0;
+ int ncalls = 0;
+ for (auto ignored : state) {
+ int sent = 0;
+ while (true) {
+ struct msghdr hdr = {};
+ struct iovec iov = {};
+ struct msghdr* snd_header = send_msg.header();
+ iov.iov_base = static_cast<char*>(snd_header->msg_iov->iov_base) + sent;
+ iov.iov_len = snd_header->msg_iov->iov_len - sent;
+ hdr.msg_iov = &iov;
+ hdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
+ int n = RetryEINTR(sendmsg)(send_socket.get(), &hdr, 0);
+ ncalls++;
+ if (n > 0) {
+ sent += n;
+ if (sent == buf_size) {
+ break;
+ }
+ // n can be > 0 but less than requested size. In which case we don't
+ // poll.
+ continue;
+ }
+ // Poll the fd for it to become writable.
+ struct pollfd poll_fd = {send_socket.get(), POLL_OUT, 0};
+ EXPECT_THAT(RetryEINTR(poll)(&poll_fd, 1, 10),
+ SyscallSucceedsWithValue(0));
+ }
+ bytes_sent += static_cast<int64_t>(sent);
+ }
+
+ notification.Notify();
+ send_socket.reset();
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(bytes_sent);
+}
+
+void Args(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* benchmark) {
+ for (int blocking = 0; blocking < 2; blocking++) {
+ for (int buf_size = 1024; buf_size <= 256 << 20; buf_size *= 2) {
+ benchmark->Args({blocking, buf_size});
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_SendmsgTCP)->Apply(&Args)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/seqwrite_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/seqwrite_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af49e4477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/seqwrite_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// The maximum file size of the test file, when writes get beyond this point
+// they wrap around. This should be large enough to blow away caches.
+const uint64_t kMaxFile = 1 << 30;
+
+// Perform writes of various sizes sequentially to one file. Wraps around if it
+// goes above a certain maximum file size.
+void BM_SeqWrite(benchmark::State& state) {
+ auto f = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateFile());
+ FileDescriptor fd = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Open(f.path(), O_WRONLY));
+
+ const int size = state.range(0);
+ std::vector<char> buf(size);
+ RandomizeBuffer(buf.data(), buf.size());
+
+ // Start writes at offset 0.
+ uint64_t offset = 0;
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ TEST_CHECK(PwriteFd(fd.get(), buf.data(), buf.size(), offset) ==
+ buf.size());
+ offset += buf.size();
+ // Wrap around if going above the maximum file size.
+ if (offset >= kMaxFile) {
+ offset = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(static_cast<int64_t>(size) *
+ static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations()));
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_SeqWrite)->Range(1, 1 << 26)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/signal_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/signal_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6928df58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/signal_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void FixupHandler(int sig, siginfo_t* si, void* void_ctx) {
+ static unsigned int dataval = 0;
+
+ // Skip the offending instruction.
+ ucontext_t* ctx = reinterpret_cast<ucontext_t*>(void_ctx);
+ ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RAX] = reinterpret_cast<greg_t>(&dataval);
+}
+
+void BM_FaultSignalFixup(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Set up the signal handler.
+ struct sigaction sa = {};
+ sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+ sa.sa_sigaction = FixupHandler;
+ sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+ TEST_CHECK(sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, nullptr) == 0);
+
+ // Fault, fault, fault.
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ register volatile unsigned int* ptr asm("rax");
+
+ // Trigger the segfault.
+ ptr = nullptr;
+ *ptr = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_FaultSignalFixup)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/sleep_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/sleep_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99ef05117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/sleep_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Sleep for 'param' nanoseconds.
+void BM_Sleep(benchmark::State& state) {
+ const int nanoseconds = state.range(0);
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ struct timespec ts;
+ ts.tv_sec = 0;
+ ts.tv_nsec = nanoseconds;
+
+ int ret;
+ do {
+ ret = syscall(SYS_nanosleep, &ts, &ts);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ TEST_CHECK(errno == EINTR);
+ }
+ } while (ret < 0);
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Sleep)
+ ->Arg(0)
+ ->Arg(1)
+ ->Arg(1000) // 1us
+ ->Arg(1000 * 1000) // 1ms
+ ->Arg(10 * 1000 * 1000) // 10ms
+ ->Arg(50 * 1000 * 1000) // 50ms
+ ->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/stat_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/stat_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f15424482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/stat_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/fs_util.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Creates a file in a nested directory hierarchy at least `depth` directories
+// deep, and stats that file multiple times.
+void BM_Stat(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Create nested directories with given depth.
+ int depth = state.range(0);
+ const TempPath top_dir = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateDir());
+ std::string dir_path = top_dir.path();
+
+ while (depth-- > 0) {
+ // Don't use TempPath because it will make paths too long to use.
+ //
+ // The top_dir destructor will clean up this whole tree.
+ dir_path = JoinPath(dir_path, absl::StrCat(depth));
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO(Mkdir(dir_path, 0755));
+ }
+
+ // Create the file that will be stat'd.
+ const TempPath file =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateFileIn(dir_path));
+
+ struct stat st;
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ ASSERT_THAT(stat(file.path().c_str(), &st), SyscallSucceeds());
+ }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Stat)->Range(1, 100)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/unlink_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/unlink_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92243a042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/unlink_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/fs_util.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Creates a directory containing `files` files, and unlinks all the files.
+void BM_Unlink(benchmark::State& state) {
+ // Create directory with given files.
+ const int file_count = state.range(0);
+
+ // We unlink all files on each iteration, but report this as a "batch"
+ // iteration so that reported times are per file.
+ TempPath dir;
+ while (state.KeepRunningBatch(file_count)) {
+ state.PauseTiming();
+ // N.B. dir is declared outside the loop so that destruction of the previous
+ // iteration's directory occurs here, inside of PauseTiming.
+ dir = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateDir());
+
+ std::vector<TempPath> files;
+ for (int i = 0; i < file_count; i++) {
+ TempPath file =
+ ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateFileIn(dir.path()));
+ files.push_back(std::move(file));
+ }
+ state.ResumeTiming();
+
+ while (!files.empty()) {
+ // Destructor unlinks.
+ files.pop_back();
+ }
+ }
+
+ state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations());
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Unlink)->Range(1, 100 * 1000)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor
diff --git a/test/perf/linux/write_benchmark.cc b/test/perf/linux/write_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b060c70e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/perf/linux/write_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "test/util/logging.h"
+#include "test/util/temp_path.h"
+#include "test/util/test_util.h"
+
+namespace gvisor {
+namespace testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Write(benchmark::State& state) {
+ auto f = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(TempPath::CreateFile());
+ FileDescriptor fd = ASSERT_NO_ERRNO_AND_VALUE(Open(f.path(), O_WRONLY));
+
+ const int size = state.range(0);
+ std::vector<char> buf(size);
+ RandomizeBuffer(buf.data(), size);
+
+ for (auto _ : state) {
+ TEST_CHECK(PwriteFd(fd.get(), buf.data(), size, 0) == size);
+ }
+
+ state.SetBytesProcessed(static_cast<int64_t>(size) *
+ static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations()));
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Write)->Range(1, 1 << 26)->UseRealTime();
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace testing
+} // namespace gvisor