1 files changed, 567 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/fs/proc/task.go b/pkg/sentry/fs/proc/task.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e9a1e50e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/sentry/fs/proc/task.go
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Google Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package proc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/proc/device"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/proc/seqfile"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/ramfs"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/mm"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+)
+
+// getTaskMM returns t's MemoryManager. If getTaskMM succeeds, the MemoryManager's
+// users count is incremented, and must be decremented by the caller when it is
+// no longer in use.
+func getTaskMM(t *kernel.Task) (*mm.MemoryManager, error) {
+	if t.ExitState() == kernel.TaskExitDead {
+		return nil, syserror.ESRCH
+	}
+	var m *mm.MemoryManager
+	t.WithMuLocked(func(t *kernel.Task) {
+		m = t.MemoryManager()
+	})
+	if m == nil || !m.IncUsers() {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+// taskDir represents a task-level directory.
+type taskDir struct {
+	ramfs.Dir
+
+	// t is the associated kernel task that owns this file.
+	t *kernel.Task
+}
+
+// newTaskDir creates a new proc task entry.
+func newTaskDir(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource, pidns *kernel.PIDNamespace, showSubtasks bool) *fs.Inode {
+	d := &taskDir{t: t}
+	// TODO: Set EUID/EGID based on dumpability.
+	d.InitDir(t, map[string]*fs.Inode{
+		"auxv":    newAuxvec(t, msrc),
+		"cmdline": newExecArgFile(t, msrc, cmdlineExecArg),
+		"comm":    newComm(t, msrc),
+		"environ": newExecArgFile(t, msrc, environExecArg),
+		"exe":     newExe(t, msrc),
+		"fd":      newFdDir(t, msrc),
+		"fdinfo":  newFdInfoDir(t, msrc),
+		"gid_map": newGIDMap(t, msrc),
+		// TODO: This is incorrect for /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/io, i.e. if
+		// showSubtasks is false:
+		// http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/fs/proc/base.c?v=3.11#L2980
+		"io":        newIO(t, msrc),
+		"maps":      newMaps(t, msrc),
+		"mountinfo": seqfile.NewSeqFileInode(t, &mountInfoFile{t: t}, msrc),
+		"mounts":    seqfile.NewSeqFileInode(t, &mountsFile{t: t}, msrc),
+		"ns":        newNamespaceDir(t, msrc),
+		"stat":      newTaskStat(t, msrc, showSubtasks, pidns),
+		"status":    newStatus(t, msrc, pidns),
+		"uid_map":   newUIDMap(t, msrc),
+	}, fs.RootOwner, fs.FilePermsFromMode(0555))
+	if showSubtasks {
+		d.AddChild(t, "task", newSubtasks(t, msrc, pidns))
+	}
+	return newFile(d, msrc, fs.SpecialDirectory, t)
+}
+
+// subtasks represents a /proc/TID/task directory.
+type subtasks struct {
+	ramfs.Dir
+
+	t *kernel.Task
+
+	pidns *kernel.PIDNamespace
+}
+
+func newSubtasks(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource, pidns *kernel.PIDNamespace) *fs.Inode {
+	s := &subtasks{t: t, pidns: pidns}
+	s.InitDir(t, nil, fs.RootOwner, fs.FilePermsFromMode(0555))
+	return newFile(s, msrc, fs.SpecialDirectory, t)
+}
+
+// UnstableAttr returns unstable attributes of the subtasks.
+func (s *subtasks) UnstableAttr(ctx context.Context, inode *fs.Inode) (fs.UnstableAttr, error) {
+	uattr, err := s.Dir.UnstableAttr(ctx, inode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fs.UnstableAttr{}, err
+	}
+	// We can't rely on ramfs' implementation because the task directories are
+	// generated dynamically.
+	uattr.Links = uint64(2 + s.t.ThreadGroup().Count())
+	return uattr, nil
+}
+
+// Lookup loads an Inode in a task's subtask directory into a Dirent.
+func (s *subtasks) Lookup(ctx context.Context, dir *fs.Inode, p string) (*fs.Dirent, error) {
+	tid, err := strconv.ParseUint(p, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, syserror.ENOENT
+	}
+
+	task := s.pidns.TaskWithID(kernel.ThreadID(tid))
+	if task == nil {
+		return nil, syserror.ENOENT
+	}
+	if task.ThreadGroup() != s.t.ThreadGroup() {
+		return nil, syserror.ENOENT
+	}
+
+	td := newTaskDir(task, dir.MountSource, s.pidns, false)
+	return fs.NewDirent(td, p), nil
+}
+
+// DeprecatedReaddir lists a task's subtask directory.
+func (s *subtasks) DeprecatedReaddir(ctx context.Context, dirCtx *fs.DirCtx, offset int) (int, error) {
+	tasks := s.t.ThreadGroup().MemberIDs(s.pidns)
+	taskInts := make([]int, 0, len(tasks))
+	for _, tid := range tasks {
+		taskInts = append(taskInts, int(tid))
+	}
+
+	// Find the task to start at.
+	idx := sort.SearchInts(taskInts, offset)
+	if idx == len(taskInts) {
+		return offset, nil
+	}
+	taskInts = taskInts[idx:]
+
+	var tid int
+	for _, tid = range taskInts {
+		name := strconv.FormatUint(uint64(tid), 10)
+		attr := fs.GenericDentAttr(fs.SpecialDirectory, device.ProcDevice)
+		if err := dirCtx.DirEmit(name, attr); err != nil {
+			// Returned offset is next tid to serialize.
+			return tid, err
+		}
+	}
+	// We serialized them all.  Next offset should be higher than last
+	// serialized tid.
+	return tid + 1, nil
+}
+
+// exe is an fs.InodeOperations symlink for the /proc/PID/exe file.
+type exe struct {
+	ramfs.Symlink
+
+	t *kernel.Task
+}
+
+func newExe(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource) *fs.Inode {
+	exeSymlink := &exe{t: t}
+	exeSymlink.InitSymlink(t, fs.RootOwner, "")
+	return newFile(exeSymlink, msrc, fs.Symlink, t)
+}
+
+func (e *exe) executable() (d *fs.Dirent, err error) {
+	e.t.WithMuLocked(func(t *kernel.Task) {
+		mm := t.MemoryManager()
+		if mm == nil {
+			// TODO: Check shouldn't allow Readlink once the
+			// Task is zombied.
+			err = syserror.EACCES
+			return
+		}
+
+		// The MemoryManager may be destroyed, in which case
+		// MemoryManager.destroy will simply set the executable to nil
+		// (with locks held).
+		d = mm.Executable()
+		if d == nil {
+			err = syserror.ENOENT
+		}
+	})
+	return
+}
+
+// Readlink implements fs.InodeOperations.
+func (e *exe) Readlink(ctx context.Context, inode *fs.Inode) (string, error) {
+	if !kernel.ContextCanTrace(ctx, e.t, false) {
+		return "", syserror.EACCES
+	}
+
+	// Pull out the executable for /proc/TID/exe.
+	exec, err := e.executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer exec.DecRef()
+
+	root := fs.RootFromContext(ctx)
+	if root == nil {
+		// This doesn't correspond to anything in Linux because the vfs is
+		// global there.
+		return "", syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	defer root.DecRef()
+	n, _ := exec.FullName(root)
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// namespaceFile represents a file in the namespacefs, such as the files in
+// /proc/<pid>/ns.
+type namespaceFile struct {
+	ramfs.Symlink
+
+	t *kernel.Task
+}
+
+func newNamespaceFile(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource, name string) *fs.Inode {
+	n := &namespaceFile{t: t}
+	n.InitSymlink(t, fs.RootOwner, "")
+
+	// TODO: Namespace symlinks should contain the namespace name and the
+	// inode number for the namespace instance, so for example user:[123456]. We
+	// currently fake the inode number by sticking the symlink inode in its
+	// place.
+	n.Target = fmt.Sprintf("%s:[%d]", name, device.ProcDevice.NextIno())
+
+	return newFile(n, msrc, fs.Symlink, t)
+}
+
+// Getlink implements fs.InodeOperations.Getlink.
+func (n *namespaceFile) Getlink(ctx context.Context, inode *fs.Inode) (*fs.Dirent, error) {
+	if !kernel.ContextCanTrace(ctx, n.t, false) {
+		return nil, syserror.EACCES
+	}
+
+	// Create a new regular file to fake the namespace file.
+	node := &ramfs.Entry{}
+	node.InitEntry(ctx, fs.RootOwner, fs.FilePermsFromMode(0777))
+	sattr := fs.StableAttr{
+		DeviceID:  device.ProcDevice.DeviceID(),
+		InodeID:   device.ProcDevice.NextIno(),
+		BlockSize: usermem.PageSize,
+		Type:      fs.RegularFile,
+	}
+	return fs.NewDirent(fs.NewInode(node, inode.MountSource, sattr), n.Symlink.Target), nil
+}
+
+func newNamespaceDir(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource) *fs.Inode {
+	d := &ramfs.Dir{}
+	d.InitDir(t, map[string]*fs.Inode{
+		"net":  newNamespaceFile(t, msrc, "net"),
+		"pid":  newNamespaceFile(t, msrc, "pid"),
+		"user": newNamespaceFile(t, msrc, "user"),
+	}, fs.RootOwner, fs.FilePermsFromMode(0511))
+	return newFile(d, msrc, fs.SpecialDirectory, t)
+}
+
+// mapsData implements seqfile.SeqSource for /proc/[pid]/maps.
+type mapsData struct {
+	t *kernel.Task
+}
+
+func newMaps(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource) *fs.Inode {
+	return newFile(seqfile.NewSeqFile(t, &mapsData{t}), msrc, fs.SpecialFile, t)
+}
+
+func (md *mapsData) mm() *mm.MemoryManager {
+	var tmm *mm.MemoryManager
+	md.t.WithMuLocked(func(t *kernel.Task) {
+		if mm := t.MemoryManager(); mm != nil {
+			// No additional reference is taken on mm here. This is safe
+			// because MemoryManager.destroy is required to leave the
+			// MemoryManager in a state where it's still usable as a SeqSource.
+			tmm = mm
+		}
+	})
+	return tmm
+}
+
+// NeedsUpdate implements seqfile.SeqSource.NeedsUpdate.
+func (md *mapsData) NeedsUpdate(generation int64) bool {
+	if mm := md.mm(); mm != nil {
+		return mm.NeedsUpdate(generation)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// ReadSeqFileData implements seqfile.SeqSource.ReadSeqFileData.
+func (md *mapsData) ReadSeqFileData(h seqfile.SeqHandle) ([]seqfile.SeqData, int64) {
+	if mm := md.mm(); mm != nil {
+		return mm.ReadSeqFileData(md.t.AsyncContext(), h)
+	}
+	return []seqfile.SeqData{}, 0
+}
+
+type taskStatData struct {
+	t *kernel.Task
+
+	// If tgstats is true, accumulate fault stats (not implemented) and CPU
+	// time across all tasks in t's thread group.
+	tgstats bool
+
+	// pidns is the PID namespace associated with the proc filesystem that
+	// includes the file using this statData.
+	pidns *kernel.PIDNamespace
+}
+
+func newTaskStat(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource, showSubtasks bool, pidns *kernel.PIDNamespace) *fs.Inode {
+	return newFile(seqfile.NewSeqFile(t, &taskStatData{t, showSubtasks /* tgstats */, pidns}), msrc, fs.SpecialFile, t)
+}
+
+// NeedsUpdate returns whether the generation is old or not.
+func (s *taskStatData) NeedsUpdate(generation int64) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// ReadSeqFileData returns data for the SeqFile reader.
+// SeqData, the current generation and where in the file the handle corresponds to.
+func (s *taskStatData) ReadSeqFileData(h seqfile.SeqHandle) ([]seqfile.SeqData, int64) {
+	if h != nil {
+		return nil, 0
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d ", s.pidns.IDOfTask(s.t))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "(%s) ", s.t.Name())
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%c ", s.t.StateStatus()[0])
+	ppid := kernel.ThreadID(0)
+	if parent := s.t.Parent(); parent != nil {
+		ppid = s.pidns.IDOfThreadGroup(parent.ThreadGroup())
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d ", ppid)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d ", s.pidns.IDOfProcessGroup(s.t.ThreadGroup().ProcessGroup()))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d ", s.pidns.IDOfSession(s.t.ThreadGroup().Session()))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 " /* tty_nr tpgid */)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 " /* flags */)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 0 0 " /* minflt cminflt majflt cmajflt */)
+	var cputime usage.CPUStats
+	if s.tgstats {
+		cputime = s.t.ThreadGroup().CPUStats()
+	} else {
+		cputime = s.t.CPUStats()
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d %d ", linux.ClockTFromDuration(cputime.UserTime), linux.ClockTFromDuration(cputime.SysTime))
+	cputime = s.t.ThreadGroup().JoinedChildCPUStats()
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d %d ", linux.ClockTFromDuration(cputime.UserTime), linux.ClockTFromDuration(cputime.SysTime))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d %d ", s.t.Priority(), s.t.Niceness())
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d ", s.t.ThreadGroup().Count())
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 " /* itrealvalue starttime */)
+	var vss, rss uint64
+	s.t.WithMuLocked(func(t *kernel.Task) {
+		if mm := t.MemoryManager(); mm != nil {
+			vss = mm.VirtualMemorySize()
+			rss = mm.ResidentSetSize()
+		}
+	})
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d %d ", vss, rss/usermem.PageSize)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 0 0 0 0 " /* rsslim startcode endcode startstack kstkesp kstkeip */)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 0 0 0 " /* signal blocked sigignore sigcatch wchan */)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 " /* nswap cnswap */)
+	terminationSignal := linux.Signal(0)
+	if s.t == s.t.ThreadGroup().Leader() {
+		terminationSignal = s.t.ThreadGroup().TerminationSignal()
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d ", terminationSignal)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 0 " /* processor rt_priority policy */)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 0 " /* delayacct_blkio_ticks guest_time cguest_time */)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 " /* start_data end_data start_brk arg_start arg_end env_start env_end */)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "0\n" /* exit_code */)
+
+	return []seqfile.SeqData{{Buf: buf.Bytes(), Handle: (*taskStatData)(nil)}}, 0
+}
+
+// statusData implements seqfile.SeqSource for /proc/[pid]/status.
+type statusData struct {
+	t     *kernel.Task
+	pidns *kernel.PIDNamespace
+}
+
+func newStatus(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource, pidns *kernel.PIDNamespace) *fs.Inode {
+	return newFile(seqfile.NewSeqFile(t, &statusData{t, pidns}), msrc, fs.SpecialFile, t)
+}
+
+// NeedsUpdate implements seqfile.SeqSource.NeedsUpdate.
+func (s *statusData) NeedsUpdate(generation int64) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// ReadSeqFileData implements seqfile.SeqSource.ReadSeqFileData.
+func (s *statusData) ReadSeqFileData(h seqfile.SeqHandle) ([]seqfile.SeqData, int64) {
+	if h != nil {
+		return nil, 0
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "Name:\t%s\n", s.t.Name())
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "State:\t%s\n", s.t.StateStatus())
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "Tgid:\t%d\n", s.pidns.IDOfThreadGroup(s.t.ThreadGroup()))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "Pid:\t%d\n", s.pidns.IDOfTask(s.t))
+	ppid := kernel.ThreadID(0)
+	if parent := s.t.Parent(); parent != nil {
+		ppid = s.pidns.IDOfThreadGroup(parent.ThreadGroup())
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "PPid:\t%d\n", ppid)
+	tpid := kernel.ThreadID(0)
+	if tracer := s.t.Tracer(); tracer != nil {
+		tpid = s.pidns.IDOfTask(tracer)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "TracerPid:\t%d\n", tpid)
+	var fds int
+	var vss, rss uint64
+	s.t.WithMuLocked(func(t *kernel.Task) {
+		if fdm := t.FDMap(); fdm != nil {
+			fds = fdm.Size()
+		}
+		if mm := t.MemoryManager(); mm != nil {
+			vss = mm.VirtualMemorySize()
+			rss = mm.ResidentSetSize()
+		}
+	})
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "FDSize:\t%d\n", fds)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "VmSize:\t%d kB\n", vss>>10)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "VmRSS:\t%d kB\n", rss>>10)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "Threads:\t%d\n", s.t.ThreadGroup().Count())
+	creds := s.t.Credentials()
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "CapInh:\t%016x\n", creds.InheritableCaps)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "CapPrm:\t%016x\n", creds.PermittedCaps)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "CapEff:\t%016x\n", creds.EffectiveCaps)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "CapBnd:\t%016x\n", creds.BoundingCaps)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "Seccomp:\t%d\n", s.t.SeccompMode())
+	return []seqfile.SeqData{{Buf: buf.Bytes(), Handle: (*statusData)(nil)}}, 0
+}
+
+// ioUsage is the /proc/<pid>/io and /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/io data provider.
+type ioUsage interface {
+	// IOUsage returns the io usage data.
+	IOUsage() *usage.IO
+}
+
+type ioData struct {
+	ioUsage
+}
+
+func newIO(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource) *fs.Inode {
+	return newFile(seqfile.NewSeqFile(t, &ioData{t.ThreadGroup()}), msrc, fs.SpecialFile, t)
+}
+
+// NeedsUpdate returns whether the generation is old or not.
+func (i *ioData) NeedsUpdate(generation int64) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// ReadSeqFileData returns data for the SeqFile reader.
+// SeqData, the current generation and where in the file the handle corresponds to.
+func (i *ioData) ReadSeqFileData(h seqfile.SeqHandle) ([]seqfile.SeqData, int64) {
+	if h != nil {
+		return nil, 0
+	}
+
+	io := usage.IO{}
+	io.Accumulate(i.IOUsage())
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "char: %d\n", io.CharsRead)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "wchar: %d\n", io.CharsWritten)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "syscr: %d\n", io.ReadSyscalls)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "syscw: %d\n", io.WriteSyscalls)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "read_bytes: %d\n", io.BytesRead)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "write_bytes: %d\n", io.BytesWritten)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "cancelled_write_bytes: %d\n", io.BytesWriteCancelled)
+
+	return []seqfile.SeqData{{Buf: buf.Bytes(), Handle: (*ioData)(nil)}}, 0
+}
+
+// comm is a file containing the command name for a task.
+//
+// On Linux, /proc/[pid]/comm is writable, and writing to the comm file changes
+// the thread name. We don't implement this yet as there are no known users of
+// this feature.
+type comm struct {
+	ramfs.Entry
+
+	t *kernel.Task
+}
+
+// newComm returns a new comm file.
+func newComm(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource) *fs.Inode {
+	c := &comm{t: t}
+	c.InitEntry(t, fs.RootOwner, fs.FilePermsFromMode(0444))
+	return newFile(c, msrc, fs.SpecialFile, t)
+}
+
+// DeprecatedPreadv reads the current command name.
+func (c *comm) DeprecatedPreadv(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence, offset int64) (int64, error) {
+	if offset < 0 {
+		return 0, syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+
+	buf := []byte(c.t.Name() + "\n")
+	if offset >= int64(len(buf)) {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	n, err := dst.CopyOut(ctx, buf[offset:])
+	return int64(n), err
+}
+
+// auxvec is a file containing the auxiliary vector for a task.
+type auxvec struct {
+	ramfs.Entry
+
+	t *kernel.Task
+}
+
+// newAuxvec returns a new auxvec file.
+func newAuxvec(t *kernel.Task, msrc *fs.MountSource) *fs.Inode {
+	a := &auxvec{t: t}
+	a.InitEntry(t, fs.RootOwner, fs.FilePermsFromMode(0400))
+	return newFile(a, msrc, fs.SpecialFile, t)
+}
+
+// DeprecatedPreadv reads the current auxiliary vector.
+func (a *auxvec) DeprecatedPreadv(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence, offset int64) (int64, error) {
+	if offset < 0 {
+		return 0, syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+
+	m, err := getTaskMM(a.t)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer m.DecUsers(ctx)
+	auxv := m.Auxv()
+
+	// Space for buffer with AT_NULL (0) terminator at the end.
+	size := (len(auxv) + 1) * 16
+	if offset >= int64(size) {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, size)
+	for i, e := range auxv {
+		usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint64(buf[16*i:], e.Key)
+		usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint64(buf[16*i+8:], uint64(e.Value))
+	}
+
+	n, err := dst.CopyOut(ctx, buf[offset:])
+	return int64(n), err
+}