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Diffstat (limited to 'pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc')
| -rw-r--r-- | pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/.gitignore | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/fuse.md | 263 |
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diff --git a/pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/.gitignore b/pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d19fc766 --- /dev/null +++ b/pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +*.html diff --git a/pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/fuse.md b/pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/fuse.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ca84dd74 --- /dev/null +++ b/pkg/sentry/fs/g3doc/fuse.md @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# Foreword + +This document describes an on-going project to support FUSE filesystems within +the sentry. This is intended to become the final documentation for this +subsystem, and is therefore written in the past tense. However FUSE support is +currently incomplete and the document will be updated as things progress. + +# FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace + +The sentry supports dispatching filesystem operations to a FUSE server, allowing +FUSE filesystem to be used with a sandbox. + +## Overview + +FUSE has two main components: + +1. A client kernel driver (canonically `fuse.ko` in Linux), which forwards + filesystem operations (usually initiated by syscalls) to the server. + +2. A server, which is a userspace daemon that implements the actual filesystem. + +The sentry implements the client component, which allows a server daemon running +within the sandbox to implement a filesystem within the sandbox. + +A FUSE filesystem is initialized with `mount(2)`, typically with the help of a +utility like `fusermount(1)`. Various mount options exist for establishing +ownership and access permissions on the filesystem, but the most important mount +option is a file descriptor used to establish communication between the client +and server. + +The FUSE device FD is obtained by opening `/dev/fuse`. During regular operation, +the client and server use the FUSE protocol described in `fuse(4)` to service +filesystem operations. See the "Protocol" section below for more information +about this protocol. The core of the sentry support for FUSE is the client-side +implementation of this protocol. + +## FUSE in the Sentry + +The sentry's FUSE client targets VFS2 and has the following components: + +- An implementation of `/dev/fuse`. + +- A VFS2 filesystem for mapping syscalls to FUSE ops. Since we're targeting + VFS2, one point of contention may be the lack of inodes in VFS2. We can + tentatively implement a kernfs-based filesystem to bridge the gap in APIs. + The kernfs base functionality can serve the role of the Linux inode cache + and, the filesystem can map VFS2 syscalls to kernfs inode operations; see + the `kernfs.Inode` interface. + +The FUSE protocol lends itself well to marshaling with `go_marshal`. The various +request and response packets can be defined in the ABI package and converted to +and from the wire format using `go_marshal`. + +### Design Goals + +- While filesystem performance is always important, the sentry's FUSE support + is primarily concerned with compatibility, with performance as a secondary + concern. + +- Avoiding deadlocks from a hung server daemon. + +- Consider the potential for denial of service from a malicious server daemon. + Protecting itself from userspace is already a design goal for the sentry, + but needs additional consideration for FUSE. Normally, an operating system + doesn't rely on userspace to make progress with filesystem operations. Since + this changes with FUSE, it opens up the possibility of creating a chain of + dependencies controlled by userspace, which could affect an entire sandbox. + For example: a FUSE op can block a syscall, which could be holding a + subsystem lock, which can then block another task goroutine. + +### Milestones + +Below are some broad goals to aim for while implementing FUSE in the sentry. +Many FUSE ops can be grouped into broad categories of functionality, and most +ops can be implemented in parallel. + +#### Minimal client that can mount a trivial FUSE filesystem. + +- Implement `/dev/fuse` - a character device used to establish an FD for + communication between the sentry and the server daemon. + +- Implement basic FUSE ops like `FUSE_INIT`, `FUSE_DESTROY`. + +#### Read-only mount with basic file operations + +- Implement the majority of file, directory and file descriptor FUSE ops. For + this milestone, we can skip uncommon or complex operations like mmap, mknod, + file locking, poll, and extended attributes. We can stub these out along + with any ops that modify the filesystem. The exact list of required ops are + to be determined, but the goal is to mount a real filesystem as read-only, + and be able to read contents from the filesystem in the sentry. + +#### Full read-write support + +- Implement the remaining FUSE ops and decide if we can omit rarely used + operations like ioctl. + +# Appendix + +## FUSE Protocol + +The FUSE protocol is a request-response protocol. All requests are initiated by +the client. The wire-format for the protocol is raw C structs serialized to +memory. + +All FUSE requests begin with the following request header: + +```c +struct fuse_in_header { + uint32_t len; // Length of the request, including this header. + uint32_t opcode; // Requested operation. + uint64_t unique; // A unique identifier for this request. + uint64_t nodeid; // ID of the filesystem object being operated on. + uint32_t uid; // UID of the requesting process. + uint32_t gid; // GID of the requesting process. + uint32_t pid; // PID of the requesting process. + uint32_t padding; +}; +``` + +The request is then followed by a payload specific to the `opcode`. + +All responses begin with this response header: + +```c +struct fuse_out_header { + uint32_t len; // Length of the response, including this header. + int32_t error; // Status of the request, 0 if success. + uint64_t unique; // The unique identifier from the corresponding request. +}; +``` + +The response payload also depends on the request `opcode`. If `error != 0`, the +response payload must be empty. + +### Operations + +The following is a list of all FUSE operations used in `fuse_in_header.opcode` +as of Linux v4.4, and a brief description of their purpose. These are defined in +`uapi/linux/fuse.h`. Many of these have a corresponding request and response +payload struct; `fuse(4)` has details for some of these. We also note how these +operations map to the sentry virtual filesystem. + +#### FUSE meta-operations + +These operations are specific to FUSE and don't have a corresponding action in a +generic filesystem. + +- `FUSE_INIT`: This operation initializes a new FUSE filesystem, and is the + first message sent by the client after mount. This is used for version and + feature negotiation. This is related to `mount(2)`. +- `FUSE_DESTROY`: Teardown a FUSE filesystem, related to `unmount(2)`. +- `FUSE_INTERRUPT`: Interrupts an in-flight operation, specified by the + `fuse_in_header.unique` value provided in the corresponding request header. + The client can send at most one of these per request, and will enter an + uninterruptible wait for a reply. The server is expected to reply promptly. +- `FUSE_FORGET`: A hint to the server that server should evict the indicate + node from any caches. This is wired up to `(struct + super_operations).evict_inode` in Linux, which is in turned hooked as the + inode cache shrinker which is typically triggered by system memory pressure. +- `FUSE_BATCH_FORGET`: Batch version of `FUSE_FORGET`. + +#### Filesystem Syscalls + +These FUSE ops map directly to an equivalent filesystem syscall, or family of +syscalls. The relevant syscalls have a similar name to the operation, unless +otherwise noted. + +Node creation: + +- `FUSE_MKNOD` +- `FUSE_MKDIR` +- `FUSE_CREATE`: This is equivalent to `open(2)` and `creat(2)`, which + atomically creates and opens a node. + +Node attributes and extended attributes: + +- `FUSE_GETATTR` +- `FUSE_SETATTR` +- `FUSE_SETXATTR` +- `FUSE_GETXATTR` +- `FUSE_LISTXATTR` +- `FUSE_REMOVEXATTR` + +Node link manipulation: + +- `FUSE_READLINK` +- `FUSE_LINK` +- `FUSE_SYMLINK` +- `FUSE_UNLINK` + +Directory operations: + +- `FUSE_RMDIR` +- `FUSE_RENAME` +- `FUSE_RENAME2` +- `FUSE_OPENDIR`: `open(2)` for directories. +- `FUSE_RELEASEDIR`: `close(2)` for directories. +- `FUSE_READDIR` +- `FUSE_READDIRPLUS` +- `FUSE_FSYNCDIR`: `fsync(2)` for directories. +- `FUSE_LOOKUP`: Establishes a unique identifier for a FS node. This is + reminiscent of `VirtualFilesystem.GetDentryAt` in that it resolves a path + component to a node. However the returned identifier is opaque to the + client. The server must remember this mapping, as this is how the client + will reference the node in the future. + +File operations: + +- `FUSE_OPEN`: `open(2)` for files. +- `FUSE_RELEASE`: `close(2)` for files. +- `FUSE_FSYNC` +- `FUSE_FALLOCATE` +- `FUSE_SETUPMAPPING`: Creates a memory map on a file for `mmap(2)`. +- `FUSE_REMOVEMAPPING`: Removes a memory map for `munmap(2)`. + +File locking: + +- `FUSE_GETLK` +- `FUSE_SETLK` +- `FUSE_SETLKW` +- `FUSE_COPY_FILE_RANGE` + +File descriptor operations: + +- `FUSE_IOCTL` +- `FUSE_POLL` +- `FUSE_LSEEK` + +Filesystem operations: + +- `FUSE_STATFS` + +#### Permissions + +- `FUSE_ACCESS` is used to check if a node is accessible, as part of many + syscall implementations. Maps to `vfs.FilesystemImpl.AccessAt` in the + sentry. + +#### I/O Operations + +These ops are used to read and write file pages. They're used to implement both +I/O syscalls like `read(2)`, `write(2)` and `mmap(2)`. + +- `FUSE_READ` +- `FUSE_WRITE` + +#### Miscellaneous + +- `FUSE_FLUSH`: Used by the client to indicate when a file descriptor is + closed. Distinct from `FUSE_FSYNC`, which corresponds to an `fsync(2)` + syscall from the user. Maps to `vfs.FileDescriptorImpl.Release` in the + sentry. +- `FUSE_BMAP`: Old address space API for block defrag. Probably not needed. +- `FUSE_NOTIFY_REPLY`: [TODO: what does this do?] + +# References + +- [fuse(4) Linux manual page](https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man4/fuse.4.html) +- [Linux kernel FUSE documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/fuse.html) +- [The reference implementation of the Linux FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) + interface](https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse) +- [The kernel interface of FUSE](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/fuse.h) |