4 files changed, 303 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/pkg/refsvfs2/BUILD b/pkg/refsvfs2/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..245e33d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/refsvfs2/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+load("//tools/go_generics:defs.bzl", "go_template")
+
+package(licenses = ["notice"])
+
+go_template(
+    name = "refs_template",
+    srcs = [
+        "refs_template.go",
+    ],
+    types = [
+        "T",
+    ],
+    visibility = ["//:sandbox"],
+    deps = [
+        "//pkg/log",
+        "//pkg/refs",
+    ],
+)
+
+go_library(
+    name = "refsvfs2",
+    srcs = [
+        "refs.go",
+        "refs_map.go",
+    ],
+    visibility = ["//:sandbox"],
+    deps = [
+        "//pkg/context",
+        "//pkg/log",
+        "//pkg/refs",
+        "//pkg/sync",
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/pkg/refsvfs2/refs.go b/pkg/refsvfs2/refs.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef8beb659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/refsvfs2/refs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package refsvfs2 defines an interface for a reference-counted object.
+package refsvfs2
+
+import (
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+)
+
+// RefCounter is the interface to be implemented by objects that are reference
+// counted.
+type RefCounter interface {
+	// IncRef increments the reference counter on the object.
+	IncRef()
+
+	// DecRef decrements the object's reference count. Users of refs_template.Refs
+	// may specify a destructor to be called once the reference count reaches zero.
+	DecRef(ctx context.Context)
+
+	// TryIncRef attempts to increment the reference count, but may fail if all
+	// references have already been dropped, in which case it returns false. If
+	// true is returned, then a valid reference is now held on the object.
+	TryIncRef() bool
+}
diff --git a/pkg/refsvfs2/refs_map.go b/pkg/refsvfs2/refs_map.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be75b0cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/refsvfs2/refs_map.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package refsvfs2
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
+	refs_vfs1 "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
+)
+
+// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1193): re-enable once kernfs refs are fixed.
+var ignored []string = []string{"kernfs.", "proc.", "sys.", "devpts.", "fuse."}
+
+var (
+	// liveObjects is a global map of reference-counted objects. Objects are
+	// inserted when leak check is enabled, and they are removed when they are
+	// destroyed. It is protected by liveObjectsMu.
+	liveObjects   map[CheckedObject]struct{}
+	liveObjectsMu sync.Mutex
+)
+
+// CheckedObject represents a reference-counted object with an informative
+// leak detection message.
+type CheckedObject interface {
+	// LeakMessage supplies a warning to be printed upon leak detection.
+	LeakMessage() string
+}
+
+func init() {
+	liveObjects = make(map[CheckedObject]struct{})
+}
+
+// LeakCheckEnabled returns whether leak checking is enabled. The following
+// functions should only be called if it returns true.
+func LeakCheckEnabled() bool {
+	return refs_vfs1.GetLeakMode() != refs_vfs1.NoLeakChecking
+}
+
+// Register adds obj to the live object map.
+func Register(obj CheckedObject, typ string) {
+	for _, str := range ignored {
+		if strings.Contains(typ, str) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	liveObjectsMu.Lock()
+	if _, ok := liveObjects[obj]; ok {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected entry in leak checking map: reference %p already added", obj))
+	}
+	liveObjects[obj] = struct{}{}
+	liveObjectsMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Unregister removes obj from the live object map.
+func Unregister(obj CheckedObject, typ string) {
+	liveObjectsMu.Lock()
+	defer liveObjectsMu.Unlock()
+	if _, ok := liveObjects[obj]; !ok {
+		for _, str := range ignored {
+			if strings.Contains(typ, str) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Expected to find entry in leak checking map for reference %p", obj))
+	}
+	delete(liveObjects, obj)
+}
+
+// DoLeakCheck iterates through the live object map and logs a message for each
+// object. It is called once no reference-counted objects should be reachable
+// anymore, at which point anything left in the map is considered a leak.
+func DoLeakCheck() {
+	liveObjectsMu.Lock()
+	defer liveObjectsMu.Unlock()
+	leaked := len(liveObjects)
+	if leaked > 0 {
+		log.Warningf("Leak checking detected %d leaked objects:", leaked)
+		for obj := range liveObjects {
+			log.Warningf(obj.LeakMessage())
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/refsvfs2/refs_template.go b/pkg/refsvfs2/refs_template.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec295ef5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/refsvfs2/refs_template.go
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package refs_template defines a template that can be used by reference
+// counted objects. The "owner" template parameter is used in log messages to
+// indicate the type of reference-counted object that exhibited a reference
+// leak. As a result, structs that are embedded in other structs should not use
+// this template, since it will make tracking down leaks more difficult.
+package refs_template
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refsvfs2"
+)
+
+// T is the type of the reference counted object. It is only used to customize
+// debug output when leak checking.
+type T interface{}
+
+// ownerType is used to customize logging. Note that we use a pointer to T so
+// that we do not copy the entire object when passed as a format parameter.
+var ownerType *T
+
+// Refs implements refs.RefCounter. It keeps a reference count using atomic
+// operations and calls the destructor when the count reaches zero.
+//
+// Note that the number of references is actually refCount + 1 so that a default
+// zero-value Refs object contains one reference.
+//
+// +stateify savable
+type Refs struct {
+	// refCount is composed of two fields:
+	//
+	//	[32-bit speculative references]:[32-bit real references]
+	//
+	// Speculative references are used for TryIncRef, to avoid a CompareAndSwap
+	// loop. See IncRef, DecRef and TryIncRef for details of how these fields are
+	// used.
+	refCount int64
+}
+
+// EnableLeakCheck enables reference leak checking on r.
+func (r *Refs) EnableLeakCheck() {
+	if refsvfs2.LeakCheckEnabled() {
+		refsvfs2.Register(r, fmt.Sprintf("%T", ownerType))
+	}
+}
+
+// LeakMessage implements refsvfs2.CheckedObject.LeakMessage.
+func (r *Refs) LeakMessage() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%T %p: reference count of %d instead of 0", ownerType, r, r.ReadRefs())
+}
+
+// ReadRefs returns the current number of references. The returned count is
+// inherently racy and is unsafe to use without external synchronization.
+func (r *Refs) ReadRefs() int64 {
+	// Account for the internal -1 offset on refcounts.
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&r.refCount) + 1
+}
+
+// IncRef implements refs.RefCounter.IncRef.
+//
+//go:nosplit
+func (r *Refs) IncRef() {
+	if v := atomic.AddInt64(&r.refCount, 1); v <= 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Incrementing non-positive count %p on %T", r, ownerType))
+	}
+}
+
+// TryIncRef implements refs.RefCounter.TryIncRef.
+//
+// To do this safely without a loop, a speculative reference is first acquired
+// on the object. This allows multiple concurrent TryIncRef calls to distinguish
+// other TryIncRef calls from genuine references held.
+//
+//go:nosplit
+func (r *Refs) TryIncRef() bool {
+	const speculativeRef = 1 << 32
+	v := atomic.AddInt64(&r.refCount, speculativeRef)
+	if int32(v) < 0 {
+		// This object has already been freed.
+		atomic.AddInt64(&r.refCount, -speculativeRef)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Turn into a real reference.
+	atomic.AddInt64(&r.refCount, -speculativeRef+1)
+	return true
+}
+
+// DecRef implements refs.RefCounter.DecRef.
+//
+// Note that speculative references are counted here. Since they were added
+// prior to real references reaching zero, they will successfully convert to
+// real references. In other words, we see speculative references only in the
+// following case:
+//
+//	A: TryIncRef [speculative increase => sees non-negative references]
+//	B: DecRef [real decrease]
+//	A: TryIncRef [transform speculative to real]
+//
+//go:nosplit
+func (r *Refs) DecRef(destroy func()) {
+	switch v := atomic.AddInt64(&r.refCount, -1); {
+	case v < -1:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Decrementing non-positive ref count %p, owned by %T", r, ownerType))
+
+	case v == -1:
+		if refsvfs2.LeakCheckEnabled() {
+			refsvfs2.Unregister(r, fmt.Sprintf("%T", ownerType))
+		}
+		// Call the destructor.
+		if destroy != nil {
+			destroy()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *Refs) afterLoad() {
+	if refsvfs2.LeakCheckEnabled() && r.ReadRefs() > 0 {
+		r.EnableLeakCheck()
+	}
+}