Support IPv4 fragmentation in netstack

Testing:
Unit tests and also large ping in Fuchsia OS
PiperOrigin-RevId: 246563592
Change-Id: Ia12ab619f64f4be2c8d346ce81341a91724aef95

6 files changed, 435 insertions, 56 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/buffer/prependable.go b/pkg/tcpip/buffer/prependable.go
index 43cbbc74c..4287464f3 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/buffer/prependable.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/buffer/prependable.go
@@ -52,6 +52,16 @@ func (p Prependable) UsedLength() int {
 	return len(p.buf) - p.usedIdx
 }
 
+// AvailableLength returns the number of bytes used so far.
+func (p Prependable) AvailableLength() int {
+	return p.usedIdx
+}
+
+// TrimBack removes size bytes from the end.
+func (p *Prependable) TrimBack(size int) {
+	p.buf = p.buf[:len(p.buf)-size]
+}
+
 // Prepend reserves the requested space in front of the buffer, returning a
 // slice that represents the reserved space.
 func (p *Prependable) Prepend(size int) []byte {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go
index e87ae07d7..fccabd554 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go
@@ -247,9 +247,13 @@ func logPacket(prefix string, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, b buffer.Vie
 	dst := tcpip.Address("unknown")
 	id := 0
 	size := uint16(0)
+	var fragmentOffset uint16
+	var moreFragments bool
 	switch protocol {
 	case header.IPv4ProtocolNumber:
 		ipv4 := header.IPv4(b)
+		fragmentOffset = ipv4.FragmentOffset()
+		moreFragments = ipv4.Flags()&header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments == header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments
 		src = ipv4.SourceAddress()
 		dst = ipv4.DestinationAddress()
 		transProto = ipv4.Protocol()
@@ -290,29 +294,31 @@ func logPacket(prefix string, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, b buffer.Vie
 		transName = "icmp"
 		icmp := header.ICMPv4(b)
 		icmpType := "unknown"
-		switch icmp.Type() {
-		case header.ICMPv4EchoReply:
-			icmpType = "echo reply"
-		case header.ICMPv4DstUnreachable:
-			icmpType = "destination unreachable"
-		case header.ICMPv4SrcQuench:
-			icmpType = "source quench"
-		case header.ICMPv4Redirect:
-			icmpType = "redirect"
-		case header.ICMPv4Echo:
-			icmpType = "echo"
-		case header.ICMPv4TimeExceeded:
-			icmpType = "time exceeded"
-		case header.ICMPv4ParamProblem:
-			icmpType = "param problem"
-		case header.ICMPv4Timestamp:
-			icmpType = "timestamp"
-		case header.ICMPv4TimestampReply:
-			icmpType = "timestamp reply"
-		case header.ICMPv4InfoRequest:
-			icmpType = "info request"
-		case header.ICMPv4InfoReply:
-			icmpType = "info reply"
+		if fragmentOffset == 0 {
+			switch icmp.Type() {
+			case header.ICMPv4EchoReply:
+				icmpType = "echo reply"
+			case header.ICMPv4DstUnreachable:
+				icmpType = "destination unreachable"
+			case header.ICMPv4SrcQuench:
+				icmpType = "source quench"
+			case header.ICMPv4Redirect:
+				icmpType = "redirect"
+			case header.ICMPv4Echo:
+				icmpType = "echo"
+			case header.ICMPv4TimeExceeded:
+				icmpType = "time exceeded"
+			case header.ICMPv4ParamProblem:
+				icmpType = "param problem"
+			case header.ICMPv4Timestamp:
+				icmpType = "timestamp"
+			case header.ICMPv4TimestampReply:
+				icmpType = "timestamp reply"
+			case header.ICMPv4InfoRequest:
+				icmpType = "info request"
+			case header.ICMPv4InfoReply:
+				icmpType = "info reply"
+			}
 		}
 		log.Infof("%s %s %v -> %v %s len:%d id:%04x code:%d", prefix, transName, src, dst, icmpType, size, id, icmp.Code())
 		return
@@ -351,8 +357,10 @@ func logPacket(prefix string, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, b buffer.Vie
 	case header.UDPProtocolNumber:
 		transName = "udp"
 		udp := header.UDP(b)
-		srcPort = udp.SourcePort()
-		dstPort = udp.DestinationPort()
+		if fragmentOffset == 0 && len(udp) >= header.UDPMinimumSize {
+			srcPort = udp.SourcePort()
+			dstPort = udp.DestinationPort()
+		}
 		size -= header.UDPMinimumSize
 
 		details = fmt.Sprintf("xsum: 0x%x", udp.Checksum())
@@ -360,33 +368,35 @@ func logPacket(prefix string, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, b buffer.Vie
 	case header.TCPProtocolNumber:
 		transName = "tcp"
 		tcp := header.TCP(b)
-		offset := int(tcp.DataOffset())
-		if offset < header.TCPMinimumSize {
-			details += fmt.Sprintf("invalid packet: tcp data offset too small %d", offset)
-			break
-		}
-		if offset > len(tcp) {
-			details += fmt.Sprintf("invalid packet: tcp data offset %d larger than packet buffer length %d", offset, len(tcp))
-			break
-		}
+		if fragmentOffset == 0 && len(tcp) >= header.TCPMinimumSize {
+			offset := int(tcp.DataOffset())
+			if offset < header.TCPMinimumSize {
+				details += fmt.Sprintf("invalid packet: tcp data offset too small %d", offset)
+				break
+			}
+			if offset > len(tcp) && !moreFragments {
+				details += fmt.Sprintf("invalid packet: tcp data offset %d larger than packet buffer length %d", offset, len(tcp))
+				break
+			}
 
-		srcPort = tcp.SourcePort()
-		dstPort = tcp.DestinationPort()
-		size -= uint16(offset)
+			srcPort = tcp.SourcePort()
+			dstPort = tcp.DestinationPort()
+			size -= uint16(offset)
 
-		// Initialize the TCP flags.
-		flags := tcp.Flags()
-		flagsStr := []byte("FSRPAU")
-		for i := range flagsStr {
-			if flags&(1<<uint(i)) == 0 {
-				flagsStr[i] = ' '
+			// Initialize the TCP flags.
+			flags := tcp.Flags()
+			flagsStr := []byte("FSRPAU")
+			for i := range flagsStr {
+				if flags&(1<<uint(i)) == 0 {
+					flagsStr[i] = ' '
+				}
+			}
+			details = fmt.Sprintf("flags:0x%02x (%v) seqnum: %v ack: %v win: %v xsum:0x%x", flags, string(flagsStr), tcp.SequenceNumber(), tcp.AckNumber(), tcp.WindowSize(), tcp.Checksum())
+			if flags&header.TCPFlagSyn != 0 {
+				details += fmt.Sprintf(" options: %+v", header.ParseSynOptions(tcp.Options(), flags&header.TCPFlagAck != 0))
+			} else {
+				details += fmt.Sprintf(" options: %+v", tcp.ParsedOptions())
 			}
-		}
-		details = fmt.Sprintf("flags:0x%02x (%v) seqnum: %v ack: %v win: %v xsum:0x%x", flags, string(flagsStr), tcp.SequenceNumber(), tcp.AckNumber(), tcp.WindowSize(), tcp.Checksum())
-		if flags&header.TCPFlagSyn != 0 {
-			details += fmt.Sprintf(" options: %+v", header.ParseSynOptions(tcp.Options(), flags&header.TCPFlagAck != 0))
-		} else {
-			details += fmt.Sprintf(" options: %+v", tcp.ParsedOptions())
 		}
 
 	default:
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/BUILD b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/BUILD
index 7a5341def..1b4f29e0c 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/BUILD
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ go_test(
     srcs = ["ipv4_test.go"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/tcpip",
+        "//pkg/tcpip/buffer",
         "//pkg/tcpip/header",
         "//pkg/tcpip/link/channel",
         "//pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer",
         "//pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4",
         "//pkg/tcpip/stack",
+        "//pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp",
         "//pkg/tcpip/transport/udp",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
index c6af0db79..4edc52f19 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
@@ -107,6 +107,88 @@ func (e *endpoint) GSOMaxSize() uint32 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+// writePacketFragments calls e.linkEP.WritePacket with each packet fragment to
+// write. It assumes that the IP header is entirely in hdr but does not assume
+// that only the IP header is in hdr. It assumes that the input packet's stated
+// length matches the length of the hdr+payload. mtu includes the IP header and
+// options. This does not support the DontFragment IP flag.
+func (e *endpoint) writePacketFragments(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, hdr buffer.Prependable, payload buffer.VectorisedView, mtu int) *tcpip.Error {
+	// This packet is too big, it needs to be fragmented.
+	ip := header.IPv4(hdr.View())
+	flags := ip.Flags()
+
+	// Update mtu to take into account the header, which will exist in all
+	// fragments anyway.
+	innerMTU := mtu - int(ip.HeaderLength())
+
+	// Round the MTU down to align to 8 bytes. Then calculate the number of
+	// fragments. Calculate fragment sizes as in RFC791.
+	innerMTU &^= 7
+	n := (int(ip.PayloadLength()) + innerMTU - 1) / innerMTU
+
+	outerMTU := innerMTU + int(ip.HeaderLength())
+	offset := ip.FragmentOffset()
+	originalAvailableLength := hdr.AvailableLength()
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		// Where possible, the first fragment that is sent has the same
+		// hdr.UsedLength() as the input packet. The link-layer endpoint may depends
+		// on this for looking at, eg, L4 headers.
+		h := ip
+		if i > 0 {
+			hdr = buffer.NewPrependable(int(ip.HeaderLength()) + originalAvailableLength)
+			h = header.IPv4(hdr.Prepend(int(ip.HeaderLength())))
+			copy(h, ip[:ip.HeaderLength()])
+		}
+		if i != n-1 {
+			h.SetTotalLength(uint16(outerMTU))
+			h.SetFlagsFragmentOffset(flags|header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments, offset)
+		} else {
+			h.SetTotalLength(uint16(h.HeaderLength()) + uint16(payload.Size()))
+			h.SetFlagsFragmentOffset(flags, offset)
+		}
+		h.SetChecksum(0)
+		h.SetChecksum(^h.CalculateChecksum())
+		offset += uint16(innerMTU)
+		if i > 0 {
+			newPayload := payload.Clone([]buffer.View{})
+			newPayload.CapLength(innerMTU)
+			if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, hdr, newPayload, ProtocolNumber); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
+			payload.TrimFront(newPayload.Size())
+			continue
+		}
+		// Special handling for the first fragment because it comes from the hdr.
+		if outerMTU >= hdr.UsedLength() {
+			// This fragment can fit all of hdr and possibly some of payload, too.
+			newPayload := payload.Clone([]buffer.View{})
+			newPayloadLength := outerMTU - hdr.UsedLength()
+			newPayload.CapLength(newPayloadLength)
+			if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, hdr, newPayload, ProtocolNumber); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
+			payload.TrimFront(newPayloadLength)
+		} else {
+			// The fragment is too small to fit all of hdr.
+			startOfHdr := hdr
+			startOfHdr.TrimBack(hdr.UsedLength() - outerMTU)
+			emptyVV := buffer.NewVectorisedView(0, []buffer.View{})
+			if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, startOfHdr, emptyVV, ProtocolNumber); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
+			// Add the unused bytes of hdr into the payload that remains to be sent.
+			restOfHdr := hdr.View()[outerMTU:]
+			tmp := buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(restOfHdr), []buffer.View{buffer.NewViewFromBytes(restOfHdr)})
+			tmp.Append(payload)
+			payload = tmp
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // WritePacket writes a packet to the given destination address and protocol.
 func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, hdr buffer.Prependable, payload buffer.VectorisedView, protocol tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, ttl uint8, loop stack.PacketLooping) *tcpip.Error {
 	ip := header.IPv4(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv4MinimumSize))
@@ -138,9 +220,14 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, hdr buffer.Prepen
 	if loop&stack.PacketOut == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-
+	if hdr.UsedLength()+payload.Size() > int(e.linkEP.MTU()) && gso.Type == stack.GSONone {
+		return e.writePacketFragments(r, gso, hdr, payload, int(e.linkEP.MTU()))
+	}
+	if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, hdr, payload, ProtocolNumber); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
-	return e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, hdr, payload, ProtocolNumber)
+	return nil
 }
 
 // HandlePacket is called by the link layer when new ipv4 packets arrive for
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
index 146143ab3..7a09ef6de 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
@@ -15,14 +15,19 @@
 package ipv4_test
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"math/rand"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/link/channel"
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer"
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4"
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
+	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp"
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
 	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
@@ -90,3 +95,268 @@ func TestExcludeBroadcast(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+// makeHdrAndPayload generates a randomize packet. hdrLength indicates how much
+// data should already be in the header before WritePacket. extraLength
+// indicates how much extra space should be in the header. The payload is made
+// from many Views of the sizes listed in viewSizes.
+func makeHdrAndPayload(hdrLength int, extraLength int, viewSizes []int) (buffer.Prependable, buffer.VectorisedView) {
+	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(hdrLength + extraLength)
+	hdr.Prepend(hdrLength)
+	rand.Read(hdr.View())
+
+	var views []buffer.View
+	totalLength := 0
+	for _, s := range viewSizes {
+		newView := buffer.NewView(s)
+		rand.Read(newView)
+		views = append(views, newView)
+		totalLength += s
+	}
+	payload := buffer.NewVectorisedView(totalLength, views)
+	return hdr, payload
+}
+
+// comparePayloads compared the contents of all the packets against the contents
+// of the source packet.
+func compareFragments(t *testing.T, packets []packetInfo, sourcePacketInfo packetInfo, mtu uint32) {
+	t.Helper()
+	// Make a complete array of the sourcePacketInfo packet.
+	source := header.IPv4(packets[0].Header.View()[:header.IPv4MinimumSize])
+	source = append(source, sourcePacketInfo.Header.View()...)
+	source = append(source, sourcePacketInfo.Payload.ToView()...)
+
+	// Make a copy of the IP header, which will be modified in some fields to make
+	// an expected header.
+	sourceCopy := header.IPv4(append(buffer.View(nil), source[:source.HeaderLength()]...))
+	sourceCopy.SetChecksum(0)
+	sourceCopy.SetFlagsFragmentOffset(0, 0)
+	sourceCopy.SetTotalLength(0)
+	var offset uint16
+	// Build up an array of the bytes sent.
+	var reassembledPayload []byte
+	for i, packet := range packets {
+		// Confirm that the packet is valid.
+		allBytes := packet.Header.View().ToVectorisedView()
+		allBytes.Append(packet.Payload)
+		ip := header.IPv4(allBytes.ToView())
+		if !ip.IsValid(len(ip)) {
+			t.Errorf("IP packet is invalid:\n%s", hex.Dump(ip))
+		}
+		if got, want := ip.CalculateChecksum(), uint16(0xffff); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("ip.CalculateChecksum() got %#x, want %#x", got, want)
+		}
+		if got, want := len(ip), int(mtu); got > want {
+			t.Errorf("fragment is too large, got %d want %d", got, want)
+		}
+		if got, want := packet.Header.UsedLength(), sourcePacketInfo.Header.UsedLength()+header.IPv4MinimumSize; i == 0 && want < int(mtu) && got != want {
+			t.Errorf("first fragment hdr parts should have unmodified length if possible: got %d, want %d", got, want)
+		}
+		if got, want := packet.Header.AvailableLength(), sourcePacketInfo.Header.AvailableLength()-header.IPv4MinimumSize; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("fragment #%d should have the same available space for prepending as source: got %d, want %d", i, got, want)
+		}
+		if i < len(packets)-1 {
+			sourceCopy.SetFlagsFragmentOffset(sourceCopy.Flags()|header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments, offset)
+		} else {
+			sourceCopy.SetFlagsFragmentOffset(sourceCopy.Flags()&^header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments, offset)
+		}
+		reassembledPayload = append(reassembledPayload, ip.Payload()...)
+		offset += ip.TotalLength() - uint16(ip.HeaderLength())
+		// Clear out the checksum and length from the ip because we can't compare
+		// it.
+		sourceCopy.SetTotalLength(uint16(len(ip)))
+		sourceCopy.SetChecksum(0)
+		sourceCopy.SetChecksum(^sourceCopy.CalculateChecksum())
+		if !bytes.Equal(ip[:ip.HeaderLength()], sourceCopy[:sourceCopy.HeaderLength()]) {
+			t.Errorf("ip[:ip.HeaderLength()] got:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", hex.Dump(ip[:ip.HeaderLength()]), hex.Dump(sourceCopy[:sourceCopy.HeaderLength()]))
+		}
+	}
+	expected := source[source.HeaderLength():]
+	if !bytes.Equal(reassembledPayload, expected) {
+		t.Errorf("reassembledPayload got:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", hex.Dump(reassembledPayload), hex.Dump(expected))
+	}
+}
+
+type errorChannel struct {
+	*channel.Endpoint
+	Ch                    chan packetInfo
+	packetCollectorErrors []*tcpip.Error
+}
+
+// newErrorChannel creates a new errorChannel endpoint. Each call to WritePacket
+// will return successive errors from packetCollectorErrors until the list is
+// empty and then return nil each time.
+func newErrorChannel(size int, mtu uint32, linkAddr tcpip.LinkAddress, packetCollectorErrors []*tcpip.Error) (tcpip.LinkEndpointID, *errorChannel) {
+	_, e := channel.New(size, mtu, linkAddr)
+	ec := errorChannel{
+		Endpoint:              e,
+		Ch:                    make(chan packetInfo, size),
+		packetCollectorErrors: packetCollectorErrors,
+	}
+
+	return stack.RegisterLinkEndpoint(e), &ec
+}
+
+// packetInfo holds all the information about an outbound packet.
+type packetInfo struct {
+	Header  buffer.Prependable
+	Payload buffer.VectorisedView
+}
+
+// Drain removes all outbound packets from the channel and counts them.
+func (e *errorChannel) Drain() int {
+	c := 0
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-e.Ch:
+			c++
+		default:
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// WritePacket stores outbound packets into the channel.
+func (e *errorChannel) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, hdr buffer.Prependable, payload buffer.VectorisedView, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber) *tcpip.Error {
+	p := packetInfo{
+		Header:  hdr,
+		Payload: payload,
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case e.Ch <- p:
+	default:
+	}
+
+	nextError := (*tcpip.Error)(nil)
+	if len(e.packetCollectorErrors) > 0 {
+		nextError = e.packetCollectorErrors[0]
+		e.packetCollectorErrors = e.packetCollectorErrors[1:]
+	}
+	return nextError
+}
+
+type context struct {
+	stack.Route
+	linkEP *errorChannel
+}
+
+func buildContext(t *testing.T, packetCollectorErrors []*tcpip.Error, mtu uint32) context {
+	// Make the packet and write it.
+	s := stack.New([]string{ipv4.ProtocolName}, []string{}, stack.Options{})
+	_, linkEP := newErrorChannel(100 /* Enough for all tests. */, mtu, "", packetCollectorErrors)
+	linkEPId := stack.RegisterLinkEndpoint(linkEP)
+	s.CreateNIC(1, linkEPId)
+	s.AddAddress(1, ipv4.ProtocolNumber, "\x10\x00\x00\x01")
+	s.SetRouteTable([]tcpip.Route{{
+		Destination: "\x10\x00\x00\x02",
+		Mask:        "\xff\xff\xff\xff",
+		Gateway:     "",
+		NIC:         1,
+	}})
+	r, err := s.FindRoute(0, "\x10\x00\x00\x01", "\x10\x00\x00\x02", ipv4.ProtocolNumber, false /* multicastLoop */)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("s.FindRoute got %v, want %v", err, nil)
+	}
+	return context{
+		Route:  r,
+		linkEP: linkEP,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFragmentation(t *testing.T) {
+	var manyPayloadViewsSizes [1000]int
+	for i := range manyPayloadViewsSizes {
+		manyPayloadViewsSizes[i] = 7
+	}
+	fragTests := []struct {
+		description       string
+		mtu               uint32
+		hdrLength         int
+		extraLength       int
+		payloadViewsSizes []int
+		expectedFrags     int
+	}{
+		{"NoFragmentation", 2000, 0, header.IPv4MinimumSize, []int{1000}, 1},
+		{"NoFragmentationWithBigHeader", 2000, 16, header.IPv4MinimumSize, []int{1000}, 1},
+		{"Fragmented", 800, 0, header.IPv4MinimumSize, []int{1000}, 2},
+		{"FragmentedWithManyViews", 300, 0, header.IPv4MinimumSize, manyPayloadViewsSizes[:], 25},
+		{"FragmentedWithManyViewsAndPrependableBytes", 300, 0, header.IPv4MinimumSize + 55, manyPayloadViewsSizes[:], 25},
+		{"FragmentedWithBigHeader", 800, 20, header.IPv4MinimumSize, []int{1000}, 2},
+		{"FragmentedWithBigHeaderAndPrependableBytes", 800, 20, header.IPv4MinimumSize + 66, []int{1000}, 2},
+		{"FragmentedWithMTUSmallerThanHeaderAndPrependableBytes", 300, 1000, header.IPv4MinimumSize + 77, []int{500}, 6},
+	}
+
+	for _, ft := range fragTests {
+		t.Run(ft.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			hdr, payload := makeHdrAndPayload(ft.hdrLength, ft.extraLength, ft.payloadViewsSizes)
+			source := packetInfo{
+				Header: hdr,
+				// Save the source payload because WritePacket will modify it.
+				Payload: payload.Clone([]buffer.View{}),
+			}
+			c := buildContext(t, nil, ft.mtu)
+			err := c.Route.WritePacket(&stack.GSO{}, hdr, payload, tcp.ProtocolNumber, 42)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("err got %v, want %v", err, nil)
+			}
+
+			var results []packetInfo
+		L:
+			for {
+				select {
+				case pi := <-c.linkEP.Ch:
+					results = append(results, pi)
+				default:
+					break L
+				}
+			}
+
+			if got, want := len(results), ft.expectedFrags; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("len(result) got %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := len(results), int(c.Route.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Value()); got != want {
+				t.Errorf("no errors yet len(result) got %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			compareFragments(t, results, source, ft.mtu)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFragmentationErrors checks that errors are returned from write packet
+// correctly.
+func TestFragmentationErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	fragTests := []struct {
+		description           string
+		mtu                   uint32
+		hdrLength             int
+		payloadViewsSizes     []int
+		packetCollectorErrors []*tcpip.Error
+	}{
+		{"NoFrag", 2000, 0, []int{1000}, []*tcpip.Error{tcpip.ErrAborted}},
+		{"ErrorOnFirstFrag", 500, 0, []int{1000}, []*tcpip.Error{tcpip.ErrAborted}},
+		{"ErrorOnSecondFrag", 500, 0, []int{1000}, []*tcpip.Error{nil, tcpip.ErrAborted}},
+		{"ErrorOnFirstFragMTUSmallerThanHdr", 500, 1000, []int{500}, []*tcpip.Error{tcpip.ErrAborted}},
+	}
+
+	for _, ft := range fragTests {
+		t.Run(ft.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			hdr, payload := makeHdrAndPayload(ft.hdrLength, header.IPv4MinimumSize, ft.payloadViewsSizes)
+			c := buildContext(t, ft.packetCollectorErrors, ft.mtu)
+			err := c.Route.WritePacket(&stack.GSO{}, hdr, payload, tcp.ProtocolNumber, 42)
+			for i := 0; i < len(ft.packetCollectorErrors)-1; i++ {
+				if got, want := ft.packetCollectorErrors[i], (*tcpip.Error)(nil); got != want {
+					t.Errorf("ft.packetCollectorErrors[%d] got %v, want %v", i, got, want)
+				}
+			}
+			// We only need to check that last error because all the ones before are
+			// nil.
+			if got, want := err, ft.packetCollectorErrors[len(ft.packetCollectorErrors)-1]; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("err got %v, want %v", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := c.linkEP.Drain(), int(c.Route.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Value())+1; err != nil && got != want {
+				t.Errorf("after linkEP error len(result) got %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/tcp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/tcp_test.go
index 6e3ba5922..e341bb4aa 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/tcp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/tcp_test.go
@@ -2381,7 +2381,7 @@ func TestFinWithPartialAck(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestExponentialIncreaseDuringSlowStart(t *testing.T) {
-	maxPayload := 10
+	maxPayload := 32
 	c := context.New(t, uint32(header.TCPMinimumSize+header.IPv4MinimumSize+maxPayload))
 	defer c.Cleanup()
 
@@ -2423,7 +2423,7 @@ func TestExponentialIncreaseDuringSlowStart(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCongestionAvoidance(t *testing.T) {
-	maxPayload := 10
+	maxPayload := 32
 	c := context.New(t, uint32(header.TCPMinimumSize+header.IPv4MinimumSize+maxPayload))
 	defer c.Cleanup()
 
@@ -2525,7 +2525,7 @@ func cubicCwnd(origCwnd int, wMax int, congEventTime time.Time, sRTT time.Durati
 }
 
 func TestCubicCongestionAvoidance(t *testing.T) {
-	maxPayload := 10
+	maxPayload := 32
 	c := context.New(t, uint32(header.TCPMinimumSize+header.IPv4MinimumSize+maxPayload))
 	defer c.Cleanup()
 
@@ -2636,7 +2636,7 @@ func TestCubicCongestionAvoidance(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestFastRecovery(t *testing.T) {
-	maxPayload := 10
+	maxPayload := 32
 	c := context.New(t, uint32(header.TCPMinimumSize+header.IPv4MinimumSize+maxPayload))
 	defer c.Cleanup()
 
@@ -2788,7 +2788,7 @@ func TestFastRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRetransmit(t *testing.T) {
-	maxPayload := 10
+	maxPayload := 32
 	c := context.New(t, uint32(header.TCPMinimumSize+header.IPv4MinimumSize+maxPayload))
 	defer c.Cleanup()