Migrate to PacketHeader API for PacketBuffer.

Formerly, when a packet is constructed or parsed, all headers are set by the
client code. This almost always involved prepending to pk.Header buffer or
trimming pk.Data portion. This is known to prone to bugs, due to the complexity
and number of the invariants assumed across netstack to maintain.

In the new PacketHeader API, client will call Push()/Consume() method to
construct/parse an outgoing/incoming packet. All invariants, such as slicing
and trimming, are maintained by the API itself.

NewPacketBuffer() is introduced to create new PacketBuffer. Zero value is no
longer valid.

PacketBuffer now assumes the packet is a concatenation of following portions:
* LinkHeader
* NetworkHeader
* TransportHeader
* Data
Any of them could be empty, or zero-length.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 326507688

54 files changed, 1564 insertions, 920 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/buffer/view.go b/pkg/tcpip/buffer/view.go
index 9a3c5d6c3..ea0c5413d 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/buffer/view.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/buffer/view.go
@@ -65,6 +65,16 @@ func (v View) ToVectorisedView() VectorisedView {
 	return NewVectorisedView(len(v), []View{v})
 }
 
+// IsEmpty returns whether v is of length zero.
+func (v View) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return len(v) == 0
+}
+
+// Size returns the length of v.
+func (v View) Size() int {
+	return len(v)
+}
+
 // VectorisedView is a vectorised version of View using non contiguous memory.
 // It supports all the convenience methods supported by View.
 //
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/channel/channel.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/channel/channel.go
index e12a5929b..c95aef63c 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/channel/channel.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/channel/channel.go
@@ -274,7 +274,9 @@ func (e *Endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, pkts stack.Packe
 // WriteRawPacket implements stack.LinkEndpoint.WriteRawPacket.
 func (e *Endpoint) WriteRawPacket(vv buffer.VectorisedView) *tcpip.Error {
 	p := PacketInfo{
-		Pkt:   &stack.PacketBuffer{Data: vv},
+		Pkt: stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			Data: vv,
+		}),
 		Proto: 0,
 		GSO:   nil,
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/BUILD b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/BUILD
index 507b44abc..10072eac1 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/BUILD
@@ -37,5 +37,6 @@ go_test(
         "//pkg/tcpip/header",
         "//pkg/tcpip/link/rawfile",
         "//pkg/tcpip/stack",
+        "@com_github_google_go_cmp//cmp:go_default_library",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint.go
index c18bb91fb..975309fc8 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint.go
@@ -390,8 +390,7 @@ const (
 func (e *endpoint) AddHeader(local, remote tcpip.LinkAddress, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	if e.hdrSize > 0 {
 		// Add ethernet header if needed.
-		eth := header.Ethernet(pkt.Header.Prepend(header.EthernetMinimumSize))
-		pkt.LinkHeader = buffer.View(eth)
+		eth := header.Ethernet(pkt.LinkHeader().Push(header.EthernetMinimumSize))
 		ethHdr := &header.EthernetFields{
 			DstAddr: remote,
 			Type:    protocol,
@@ -420,7 +419,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, protocol tcpip.Ne
 	if e.Capabilities()&stack.CapabilityHardwareGSO != 0 {
 		vnetHdr := virtioNetHdr{}
 		if gso != nil {
-			vnetHdr.hdrLen = uint16(pkt.Header.UsedLength())
+			vnetHdr.hdrLen = uint16(pkt.HeaderSize())
 			if gso.NeedsCsum {
 				vnetHdr.flags = _VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM
 				vnetHdr.csumStart = header.EthernetMinimumSize + gso.L3HdrLen
@@ -443,11 +442,9 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, protocol tcpip.Ne
 		builder.Add(vnetHdrBuf)
 	}
 
-	builder.Add(pkt.Header.View())
-	for _, v := range pkt.Data.Views() {
+	for _, v := range pkt.Views() {
 		builder.Add(v)
 	}
-
 	return rawfile.NonBlockingWriteIovec(fd, builder.Build())
 }
 
@@ -463,7 +460,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) sendBatch(batchFD int, batch []*stack.PacketBuffer) (int, *tc
 		if e.Capabilities()&stack.CapabilityHardwareGSO != 0 {
 			vnetHdr := virtioNetHdr{}
 			if pkt.GSOOptions != nil {
-				vnetHdr.hdrLen = uint16(pkt.Header.UsedLength())
+				vnetHdr.hdrLen = uint16(pkt.HeaderSize())
 				if pkt.GSOOptions.NeedsCsum {
 					vnetHdr.flags = _VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM
 					vnetHdr.csumStart = header.EthernetMinimumSize + pkt.GSOOptions.L3HdrLen
@@ -486,8 +483,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) sendBatch(batchFD int, batch []*stack.PacketBuffer) (int, *tc
 
 		var builder iovec.Builder
 		builder.Add(vnetHdrBuf)
-		builder.Add(pkt.Header.View())
-		for _, v := range pkt.Data.Views() {
+		for _, v := range pkt.Views() {
 			builder.Add(v)
 		}
 		iovecs := builder.Build()
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint_test.go
index 7b995b85a..709f829c8 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/endpoint_test.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
@@ -43,9 +44,36 @@ const (
 )
 
 type packetInfo struct {
-	raddr    tcpip.LinkAddress
-	proto    tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
-	contents *stack.PacketBuffer
+	Raddr    tcpip.LinkAddress
+	Proto    tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
+	Contents *stack.PacketBuffer
+}
+
+type packetContents struct {
+	LinkHeader      buffer.View
+	NetworkHeader   buffer.View
+	TransportHeader buffer.View
+	Data            buffer.View
+}
+
+func checkPacketInfoEqual(t *testing.T, got, want packetInfo) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(
+		want, got,
+		cmp.Transformer("ExtractPacketBuffer", func(pk *stack.PacketBuffer) *packetContents {
+			if pk == nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return &packetContents{
+				LinkHeader:      pk.LinkHeader().View(),
+				NetworkHeader:   pk.NetworkHeader().View(),
+				TransportHeader: pk.TransportHeader().View(),
+				Data:            pk.Data.ToView(),
+			}
+		}),
+	); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected packetInfo (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
 }
 
 type context struct {
@@ -159,19 +187,28 @@ func testWritePacket(t *testing.T, plen int, eth bool, gsoMaxSize uint32, hash u
 		RemoteLinkAddress: raddr,
 	}
 
-	// Build header.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()) + 100)
-	b := hdr.Prepend(100)
-	for i := range b {
-		b[i] = uint8(rand.Intn(256))
+	// Build payload.
+	payload := buffer.NewView(plen)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("rand.Read(payload): %s", err)
 	}
 
-	// Build payload and write.
-	payload := make(buffer.View, plen)
-	for i := range payload {
-		payload[i] = uint8(rand.Intn(256))
+	// Build packet buffer.
+	const netHdrLen = 100
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()) + netHdrLen,
+		Data:               payload.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	pkt.Hash = hash
+
+	// Build header.
+	b := pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(netHdrLen)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("rand.Read(b): %s", err)
 	}
-	want := append(hdr.View(), payload...)
+
+	// Write.
+	want := append(append(buffer.View(nil), b...), payload...)
 	var gso *stack.GSO
 	if gsoMaxSize != 0 {
 		gso = &stack.GSO{
@@ -183,11 +220,7 @@ func testWritePacket(t *testing.T, plen int, eth bool, gsoMaxSize uint32, hash u
 			L3HdrLen:   header.IPv4MaximumHeaderSize,
 		}
 	}
-	if err := c.ep.WritePacket(r, gso, proto, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   payload.ToVectorisedView(),
-		Hash:   hash,
-	}); err != nil {
+	if err := c.ep.WritePacket(r, gso, proto, pkt); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -296,13 +329,14 @@ func TestPreserveSrcAddress(t *testing.T) {
 		LocalLinkAddress:  baddr,
 	}
 
-	// WritePacket panics given a prependable with anything less than
-	// the minimum size of the ethernet header.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.EthernetMinimumSize)
-	if err := c.ep.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, proto, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   buffer.VectorisedView{},
-	}); err != nil {
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		// WritePacket panics given a prependable with anything less than
+		// the minimum size of the ethernet header.
+		// TODO(b/153685824): Figure out if this should use c.ep.MaxHeaderLength().
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: header.EthernetMinimumSize,
+		Data:               buffer.VectorisedView{},
+	})
+	if err := c.ep.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, proto, pkt); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -331,24 +365,25 @@ func TestDeliverPacket(t *testing.T) {
 				defer c.cleanup()
 
 				// Build packet.
-				b := make([]byte, plen)
-				all := b
-				for i := range b {
-					b[i] = uint8(rand.Intn(256))
+				all := make([]byte, plen)
+				if _, err := rand.Read(all); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("rand.Read(all): %s", err)
 				}
-
-				var hdr header.Ethernet
-				if !eth {
-					// So that it looks like an IPv4 packet.
-					b[0] = 0x40
-				} else {
-					hdr = make(header.Ethernet, header.EthernetMinimumSize)
+				// Make it look like an IPv4 packet.
+				all[0] = 0x40
+
+				wantPkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+					ReserveHeaderBytes: header.EthernetMinimumSize,
+					Data:               buffer.NewViewFromBytes(all).ToVectorisedView(),
+				})
+				if eth {
+					hdr := header.Ethernet(wantPkt.LinkHeader().Push(header.EthernetMinimumSize))
 					hdr.Encode(&header.EthernetFields{
 						SrcAddr: raddr,
 						DstAddr: laddr,
 						Type:    proto,
 					})
-					all = append(hdr, b...)
+					all = append(hdr, all...)
 				}
 
 				// Write packet via the file descriptor.
@@ -360,24 +395,15 @@ func TestDeliverPacket(t *testing.T) {
 				select {
 				case pi := <-c.ch:
 					want := packetInfo{
-						raddr: raddr,
-						proto: proto,
-						contents: &stack.PacketBuffer{
-							Data:       buffer.View(b).ToVectorisedView(),
-							LinkHeader: buffer.View(hdr),
-						},
+						Raddr:    raddr,
+						Proto:    proto,
+						Contents: wantPkt,
 					}
 					if !eth {
-						want.proto = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
-						want.raddr = ""
-					}
-					// want.contents.Data will be a single
-					// view, so make pi do the same for the
-					// DeepEqual check.
-					pi.contents.Data = pi.contents.Data.ToView().ToVectorisedView()
-					if !reflect.DeepEqual(want, pi) {
-						t.Fatalf("Unexpected received packet: %+v, want %+v", pi, want)
+						want.Proto = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
+						want.Raddr = ""
 					}
+					checkPacketInfoEqual(t, pi, want)
 				case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
 					t.Fatalf("Timed out waiting for packet")
 				}
@@ -572,8 +598,8 @@ func TestDispatchPacketFormat(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("len(sink.pkts) = %d, want %d", got, want)
 			}
 			pkt := sink.pkts[0]
-			if got, want := len(pkt.LinkHeader), header.EthernetMinimumSize; got != want {
-				t.Errorf("len(pkt.LinkHeader) = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			if got, want := pkt.LinkHeader().View().Size(), header.EthernetMinimumSize; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("pkt.LinkHeader().View().Size() = %d, want %d", got, want)
 			}
 			if got, want := pkt.Data.Size(), 4; got != want {
 				t.Errorf("pkt.Data.Size() = %d, want %d", got, want)
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/mmap.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/mmap.go
index 2dfd29aa9..c475dda20 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/mmap.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/mmap.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package fdbased
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
@@ -170,10 +171,9 @@ func (d *packetMMapDispatcher) dispatch() (bool, *tcpip.Error) {
 	var (
 		p             tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
 		remote, local tcpip.LinkAddress
-		eth           header.Ethernet
 	)
 	if d.e.hdrSize > 0 {
-		eth = header.Ethernet(pkt)
+		eth := header.Ethernet(pkt)
 		p = eth.Type()
 		remote = eth.SourceAddress()
 		local = eth.DestinationAddress()
@@ -190,10 +190,14 @@ func (d *packetMMapDispatcher) dispatch() (bool, *tcpip.Error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pkt = pkt[d.e.hdrSize:]
-	d.e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket(remote, local, p, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data:       buffer.View(pkt).ToVectorisedView(),
-		LinkHeader: buffer.View(eth),
+	pbuf := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: buffer.View(pkt).ToVectorisedView(),
 	})
+	if d.e.hdrSize > 0 {
+		if _, ok := pbuf.LinkHeader().Consume(d.e.hdrSize); !ok {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("LinkHeader().Consume(%d) must succeed", d.e.hdrSize))
+		}
+	}
+	d.e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket(remote, local, p, pbuf)
 	return true, nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/packet_dispatchers.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/packet_dispatchers.go
index d8f2504b3..8c3ca86d6 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/packet_dispatchers.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/fdbased/packet_dispatchers.go
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (d *readVDispatcher) dispatch() (bool, *tcpip.Error) {
 	d.allocateViews(BufConfig)
 
 	n, err := rawfile.BlockingReadv(d.fd, d.iovecs)
-	if err != nil {
+	if n == 0 || err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 	if d.e.Capabilities()&stack.CapabilityHardwareGSO != 0 {
@@ -111,17 +111,22 @@ func (d *readVDispatcher) dispatch() (bool, *tcpip.Error) {
 		// isn't used and it isn't in a view.
 		n -= virtioNetHdrSize
 	}
-	if n <= d.e.hdrSize {
-		return false, nil
-	}
+
+	used := d.capViews(n, BufConfig)
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(n, append([]buffer.View(nil), d.views[:used]...)),
+	})
 
 	var (
 		p             tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
 		remote, local tcpip.LinkAddress
-		eth           header.Ethernet
 	)
 	if d.e.hdrSize > 0 {
-		eth = header.Ethernet(d.views[0][:header.EthernetMinimumSize])
+		hdr, ok := pkt.LinkHeader().Consume(d.e.hdrSize)
+		if !ok {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		eth := header.Ethernet(hdr)
 		p = eth.Type()
 		remote = eth.SourceAddress()
 		local = eth.DestinationAddress()
@@ -138,13 +143,6 @@ func (d *readVDispatcher) dispatch() (bool, *tcpip.Error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	used := d.capViews(n, BufConfig)
-	pkt := &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data:       buffer.NewVectorisedView(n, append([]buffer.View(nil), d.views[:used]...)),
-		LinkHeader: buffer.View(eth),
-	}
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(d.e.hdrSize)
-
 	d.e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket(remote, local, p, pkt)
 
 	// Prepare e.views for another packet: release used views.
@@ -268,17 +266,22 @@ func (d *recvMMsgDispatcher) dispatch() (bool, *tcpip.Error) {
 		if d.e.Capabilities()&stack.CapabilityHardwareGSO != 0 {
 			n -= virtioNetHdrSize
 		}
-		if n <= d.e.hdrSize {
-			return false, nil
-		}
+
+		used := d.capViews(k, int(n), BufConfig)
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(int(n), append([]buffer.View(nil), d.views[k][:used]...)),
+		})
 
 		var (
 			p             tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
 			remote, local tcpip.LinkAddress
-			eth           header.Ethernet
 		)
 		if d.e.hdrSize > 0 {
-			eth = header.Ethernet(d.views[k][0][:header.EthernetMinimumSize])
+			hdr, ok := pkt.LinkHeader().Consume(d.e.hdrSize)
+			if !ok {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			eth := header.Ethernet(hdr)
 			p = eth.Type()
 			remote = eth.SourceAddress()
 			local = eth.DestinationAddress()
@@ -295,12 +298,6 @@ func (d *recvMMsgDispatcher) dispatch() (bool, *tcpip.Error) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		used := d.capViews(k, int(n), BufConfig)
-		pkt := &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Data:       buffer.NewVectorisedView(int(n), append([]buffer.View(nil), d.views[k][:used]...)),
-			LinkHeader: buffer.View(eth),
-		}
-		pkt.Data.TrimFront(d.e.hdrSize)
 		d.e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket(remote, local, p, pkt)
 
 		// Prepare e.views for another packet: release used views.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/loopback/loopback.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/loopback/loopback.go
index 781cdd317..38aa694e4 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/loopback/loopback.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/loopback/loopback.go
@@ -77,16 +77,16 @@ func (*endpoint) Wait() {}
 // WritePacket implements stack.LinkEndpoint.WritePacket. It delivers outbound
 // packets to the network-layer dispatcher.
 func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(_ *stack.Route, _ *stack.GSO, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) *tcpip.Error {
-	views := make([]buffer.View, 1, 1+len(pkt.Data.Views()))
-	views[0] = pkt.Header.View()
-	views = append(views, pkt.Data.Views()...)
+	// Construct data as the unparsed portion for the loopback packet.
+	data := buffer.NewVectorisedView(pkt.Size(), pkt.Views())
 
 	// Because we're immediately turning around and writing the packet back
 	// to the rx path, we intentionally don't preserve the remote and local
 	// link addresses from the stack.Route we're passed.
-	e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("" /* remote */, "" /* local */, protocol, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(views[0])+pkt.Data.Size(), views),
+	newPkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: data,
 	})
+	e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("" /* remote */, "" /* local */, protocol, newPkt)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -98,18 +98,17 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(*stack.Route, *stack.GSO, stack.PacketBufferList
 
 // WriteRawPacket implements stack.LinkEndpoint.WriteRawPacket.
 func (e *endpoint) WriteRawPacket(vv buffer.VectorisedView) *tcpip.Error {
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: vv,
+	})
 	// There should be an ethernet header at the beginning of vv.
-	hdr, ok := vv.PullUp(header.EthernetMinimumSize)
+	hdr, ok := pkt.LinkHeader().Consume(header.EthernetMinimumSize)
 	if !ok {
 		// Reject the packet if it's shorter than an ethernet header.
 		return tcpip.ErrBadAddress
 	}
 	linkHeader := header.Ethernet(hdr)
-	vv.TrimFront(len(linkHeader))
-	e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("" /* remote */, "" /* local */, linkHeader.Type(), &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data:       vv,
-		LinkHeader: buffer.View(linkHeader),
-	})
+	e.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("" /* remote */, "" /* local */, linkHeader.Type(), pkt)
 
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/muxed/injectable_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/muxed/injectable_test.go
index 0744f66d6..3e4afcdad 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/muxed/injectable_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/muxed/injectable_test.go
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ func TestInjectableEndpointRawDispatch(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInjectableEndpointDispatch(t *testing.T) {
 	endpoint, sock, dstIP := makeTestInjectableEndpoint(t)
 
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(1)
-	hdr.Prepend(1)[0] = 0xFA
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: 1,
+		Data:               buffer.NewViewFromBytes([]byte{0xFB}).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	pkt.TransportHeader().Push(1)[0] = 0xFA
 	packetRoute := stack.Route{RemoteAddress: dstIP}
 
-	endpoint.WritePacket(&packetRoute, nil /* gso */, ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   buffer.NewViewFromBytes([]byte{0xFB}).ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	endpoint.WritePacket(&packetRoute, nil /* gso */, ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 
 	buf := make([]byte, 6500)
 	bytesRead, err := sock.Read(buf)
@@ -67,13 +67,14 @@ func TestInjectableEndpointDispatch(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInjectableEndpointDispatchHdrOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	endpoint, sock, dstIP := makeTestInjectableEndpoint(t)
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(1)
-	hdr.Prepend(1)[0] = 0xFA
-	packetRoute := stack.Route{RemoteAddress: dstIP}
-	endpoint.WritePacket(&packetRoute, nil /* gso */, ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   buffer.NewView(0).ToVectorisedView(),
+
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: 1,
+		Data:               buffer.NewView(0).ToVectorisedView(),
 	})
+	pkt.TransportHeader().Push(1)[0] = 0xFA
+	packetRoute := stack.Route{RemoteAddress: dstIP}
+	endpoint.WritePacket(&packetRoute, nil /* gso */, ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 	buf := make([]byte, 6500)
 	bytesRead, err := sock.Read(buf)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/nested/nested_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/nested/nested_test.go
index 7d9249c1c..c1f9d308c 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/nested/nested_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/nested/nested_test.go
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func TestNestedLinkEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("After attach, nestedEP.IsAttached() = false, want = true")
 	}
 
-	nestedEP.DeliverNetworkPacket(emptyAddress, emptyAddress, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	nestedEP.DeliverNetworkPacket(emptyAddress, emptyAddress, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if disp.count != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("After first packet with dispatcher attached, got disp.count = %d, want = 1", disp.count)
 	}
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func TestNestedLinkEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	disp.count = 0
-	nestedEP.DeliverNetworkPacket(emptyAddress, emptyAddress, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	nestedEP.DeliverNetworkPacket(emptyAddress, emptyAddress, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if disp.count != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("After second packet with dispatcher detached, got disp.count = %d, want = 0", disp.count)
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem.go
index 507c76b76..7fb8a6c49 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem.go
@@ -186,8 +186,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) LinkAddress() tcpip.LinkAddress {
 // AddHeader implements stack.LinkEndpoint.AddHeader.
 func (e *endpoint) AddHeader(local, remote tcpip.LinkAddress, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	// Add ethernet header if needed.
-	eth := header.Ethernet(pkt.Header.Prepend(header.EthernetMinimumSize))
-	pkt.LinkHeader = buffer.View(eth)
+	eth := header.Ethernet(pkt.LinkHeader().Push(header.EthernetMinimumSize))
 	ethHdr := &header.EthernetFields{
 		DstAddr: remote,
 		Type:    protocol,
@@ -207,10 +206,10 @@ func (e *endpoint) AddHeader(local, remote tcpip.LinkAddress, protocol tcpip.Net
 func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, _ *stack.GSO, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) *tcpip.Error {
 	e.AddHeader(r.LocalLinkAddress, r.RemoteLinkAddress, protocol, pkt)
 
-	v := pkt.Data.ToView()
+	views := pkt.Views()
 	// Transmit the packet.
 	e.mu.Lock()
-	ok := e.tx.transmit(pkt.Header.View(), v)
+	ok := e.tx.transmit(views...)
 	e.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if !ok {
@@ -227,10 +226,10 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, _ *stack.GSO, pkts stack.PacketB
 
 // WriteRawPacket implements stack.LinkEndpoint.WriteRawPacket.
 func (e *endpoint) WriteRawPacket(vv buffer.VectorisedView) *tcpip.Error {
-	v := vv.ToView()
+	views := vv.Views()
 	// Transmit the packet.
 	e.mu.Lock()
-	ok := e.tx.transmit(v, buffer.View{})
+	ok := e.tx.transmit(views...)
 	e.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if !ok {
@@ -276,16 +275,18 @@ func (e *endpoint) dispatchLoop(d stack.NetworkDispatcher) {
 			rxb[i].Size = e.bufferSize
 		}
 
-		if n < header.EthernetMinimumSize {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			Data: buffer.View(b).ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+
+		hdr, ok := pkt.LinkHeader().Consume(header.EthernetMinimumSize)
+		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
+		eth := header.Ethernet(hdr)
 
 		// Send packet up the stack.
-		eth := header.Ethernet(b[:header.EthernetMinimumSize])
-		d.DeliverNetworkPacket(eth.SourceAddress(), eth.DestinationAddress(), eth.Type(), &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Data:       buffer.View(b[header.EthernetMinimumSize:]).ToVectorisedView(),
-			LinkHeader: buffer.View(eth),
-		})
+		d.DeliverNetworkPacket(eth.SourceAddress(), eth.DestinationAddress(), eth.Type(), pkt)
 	}
 
 	// Clean state.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem_test.go
index 8f3cd9449..22d5c97f1 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/sharedmem_test.go
@@ -266,21 +266,23 @@ func TestSimpleSend(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for iters := 1000; iters > 0; iters-- {
 		func() {
+			hdrLen, dataLen := rand.Intn(10000), rand.Intn(10000)
+
 			// Prepare and send packet.
-			n := rand.Intn(10000)
-			hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(n + int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-			hdrBuf := hdr.Prepend(n)
+			hdrBuf := buffer.NewView(hdrLen)
 			randomFill(hdrBuf)
 
-			n = rand.Intn(10000)
-			buf := buffer.NewView(n)
-			randomFill(buf)
+			data := buffer.NewView(dataLen)
+			randomFill(data)
+
+			pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+				ReserveHeaderBytes: hdrLen + int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+				Data:               data.ToVectorisedView(),
+			})
+			copy(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(hdrLen), hdrBuf)
 
 			proto := tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber(rand.Intn(0x10000))
-			if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, proto, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Header: hdr,
-				Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-			}); err != nil {
+			if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, proto, pkt); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed: %v", err)
 			}
 
@@ -317,7 +319,7 @@ func TestSimpleSend(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Compare contents skipping the ethernet header added by the
 			// endpoint.
-			merged := append(hdrBuf, buf...)
+			merged := append(hdrBuf, data...)
 			if uint32(len(contents)) < pi.Size {
 				t.Fatalf("Sum of buffers is less than packet size: %v < %v", len(contents), pi.Size)
 			}
@@ -344,14 +346,14 @@ func TestPreserveSrcAddressInSend(t *testing.T) {
 		LocalLinkAddress:  newLocalLinkAddress,
 	}
 
-	// WritePacket panics given a prependable with anything less than
-	// the minimum size of the ethernet header.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.EthernetMinimumSize)
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		// WritePacket panics given a prependable with anything less than
+		// the minimum size of the ethernet header.
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: header.EthernetMinimumSize,
+	})
 
 	proto := tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber(rand.Intn(0x10000))
-	if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, proto, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-	}); err != nil {
+	if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, proto, pkt); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -403,12 +405,12 @@ func TestFillTxQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	// until the tx queue if full.
 	ids := make(map[uint64]struct{})
 	for i := queuePipeSize / 40; i > 0; i-- {
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
 
-		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		}); err != nil {
+		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed unexpectedly: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -422,11 +424,11 @@ func TestFillTxQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Next attempt to write must fail.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-	if want, err := tcpip.ErrWouldBlock, c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	}); err != want {
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	if want, err := tcpip.ErrWouldBlock, c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != want {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket return unexpected result: got %v, want %v", err, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -450,11 +452,11 @@ func TestFillTxQueueAfterBadCompletion(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Send two packets so that the id slice has at least two slots.
 	for i := 2; i > 0; i-- {
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		}); err != nil {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed unexpectedly: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -473,11 +475,11 @@ func TestFillTxQueueAfterBadCompletion(t *testing.T) {
 	// until the tx queue if full.
 	ids := make(map[uint64]struct{})
 	for i := queuePipeSize / 40; i > 0; i-- {
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		}); err != nil {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed unexpectedly: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -491,11 +493,11 @@ func TestFillTxQueueAfterBadCompletion(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Next attempt to write must fail.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-	if want, err := tcpip.ErrWouldBlock, c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	}); err != want {
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	if want, err := tcpip.ErrWouldBlock, c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != want {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket return unexpected result: got %v, want %v", err, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -517,11 +519,11 @@ func TestFillTxMemory(t *testing.T) {
 	// we fill the memory.
 	ids := make(map[uint64]struct{})
 	for i := queueDataSize / bufferSize; i > 0; i-- {
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		}); err != nil {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed unexpectedly: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -536,11 +538,11 @@ func TestFillTxMemory(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Next attempt to write must fail.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-	err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
 	})
+	err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 	if want := tcpip.ErrWouldBlock; err != want {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket return unexpected result: got %v, want %v", err, want)
 	}
@@ -564,11 +566,11 @@ func TestFillTxMemoryWithMultiBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	// Each packet is uses up one buffer, so write as many as possible
 	// until there is only one buffer left.
 	for i := queueDataSize/bufferSize - 1; i > 0; i-- {
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		}); err != nil {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed unexpectedly: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -579,23 +581,22 @@ func TestFillTxMemoryWithMultiBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Attempt to write a two-buffer packet. It must fail.
 	{
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-		uu := buffer.NewView(bufferSize).ToVectorisedView()
-		if want, err := tcpip.ErrWouldBlock, c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   uu,
-		}); err != want {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buffer.NewView(bufferSize).ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		if want, err := tcpip.ErrWouldBlock, c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != want {
 			t.Fatalf("WritePacket return unexpected result: got %v, want %v", err, want)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Attempt to write the one-buffer packet again. It must succeed.
 	{
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
-		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		}); err != nil {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(c.ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buf.ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		if err := c.ep.WritePacket(&r, nil /* gso */, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed unexpectedly: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/tx.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/tx.go
index 6b8d7859d..44f421c2d 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/tx.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/tx.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/link/sharedmem/queue"
 )
 
@@ -76,9 +77,9 @@ func (t *tx) cleanup() {
 	syscall.Munmap(t.data)
 }
 
-// transmit sends a packet made up of up to two buffers. Returns a boolean that
-// specifies whether the packet was successfully transmitted.
-func (t *tx) transmit(a, b []byte) bool {
+// transmit sends a packet made of bufs. Returns a boolean that specifies
+// whether the packet was successfully transmitted.
+func (t *tx) transmit(bufs ...buffer.View) bool {
 	// Pull completions from the tx queue and add their buffers back to the
 	// pool so that we can reuse them.
 	for {
@@ -93,7 +94,10 @@ func (t *tx) transmit(a, b []byte) bool {
 	}
 
 	bSize := t.bufs.entrySize
-	total := uint32(len(a) + len(b))
+	total := uint32(0)
+	for _, data := range bufs {
+		total += uint32(len(data))
+	}
 	bufCount := (total + bSize - 1) / bSize
 
 	// Allocate enough buffers to hold all the data.
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ func (t *tx) transmit(a, b []byte) bool {
 	// Copy data into allocated buffers.
 	nBuf := buf
 	var dBuf []byte
-	for _, data := range [][]byte{a, b} {
+	for _, data := range bufs {
 		for len(data) > 0 {
 			if len(dBuf) == 0 {
 				dBuf = t.data[nBuf.Offset:][:nBuf.Size]
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go
index 509076643..4fb127978 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/sniffer/sniffer.go
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) dumpPacket(prefix string, gso *stack.GSO, protocol tcpip.Netw
 		logPacket(prefix, protocol, pkt, gso)
 	}
 	if writer != nil && atomic.LoadUint32(&LogPacketsToPCAP) == 1 {
-		totalLength := pkt.Header.UsedLength() + pkt.Data.Size()
+		totalLength := pkt.Size()
 		length := totalLength
 		if max := int(e.maxPCAPLen); length > max {
 			length = max
@@ -155,12 +155,11 @@ func (e *endpoint) dumpPacket(prefix string, gso *stack.GSO, protocol tcpip.Netw
 				length -= n
 			}
 		}
-		write(pkt.Header.View())
-		for _, view := range pkt.Data.Views() {
+		for _, v := range pkt.Views() {
 			if length == 0 {
 				break
 			}
-			write(view)
+			write(v)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -185,9 +184,9 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, pkts stack.Packe
 
 // WriteRawPacket implements stack.LinkEndpoint.WriteRawPacket.
 func (e *endpoint) WriteRawPacket(vv buffer.VectorisedView) *tcpip.Error {
-	e.dumpPacket("send", nil, 0, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	e.dumpPacket("send", nil, 0, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: vv,
-	})
+	}))
 	return e.Endpoint.WriteRawPacket(vv)
 }
 
@@ -201,12 +200,8 @@ func logPacket(prefix string, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, pkt *stack.P
 	var fragmentOffset uint16
 	var moreFragments bool
 
-	// Create a clone of pkt, including any headers if present. Avoid allocating
-	// backing memory for the clone.
-	views := [8]buffer.View{}
-	vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(0, views[:0])
-	vv.AppendView(pkt.Header.View())
-	vv.Append(pkt.Data)
+	// Examine the packet using a new VV. Backing storage must not be written.
+	vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(pkt.Size(), pkt.Views())
 
 	switch protocol {
 	case header.IPv4ProtocolNumber:
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/tun/device.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/tun/device.go
index 22b0a12bd..3b1510a33 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/tun/device.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/tun/device.go
@@ -215,12 +215,11 @@ func (d *Device) Write(data []byte) (int64, error) {
 		remote = tcpip.LinkAddress(zeroMAC[:])
 	}
 
-	pkt := &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data: buffer.View(data).ToVectorisedView(),
-	}
-	if ethHdr != nil {
-		pkt.LinkHeader = buffer.View(ethHdr)
-	}
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: len(ethHdr),
+		Data:               buffer.View(data).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	copy(pkt.LinkHeader().Push(len(ethHdr)), ethHdr)
 	endpoint.InjectLinkAddr(protocol, remote, pkt)
 	return dataLen, nil
 }
@@ -265,21 +264,22 @@ func (d *Device) encodePkt(info *channel.PacketInfo) (buffer.View, bool) {
 	// If the packet does not already have link layer header, and the route
 	// does not exist, we can't compute it. This is possibly a raw packet, tun
 	// device doesn't support this at the moment.
-	if info.Pkt.LinkHeader == nil && info.Route.RemoteLinkAddress == "" {
+	if info.Pkt.LinkHeader().View().IsEmpty() && info.Route.RemoteLinkAddress == "" {
 		return nil, false
 	}
 
 	// Ethernet header (TAP only).
 	if d.hasFlags(linux.IFF_TAP) {
 		// Add ethernet header if not provided.
-		if info.Pkt.LinkHeader == nil {
+		if info.Pkt.LinkHeader().View().IsEmpty() {
 			d.endpoint.AddHeader(info.Route.LocalLinkAddress, info.Route.RemoteLinkAddress, info.Proto, info.Pkt)
 		}
-		vv.AppendView(info.Pkt.LinkHeader)
+		vv.AppendView(info.Pkt.LinkHeader().View())
 	}
 
 	// Append upper headers.
-	vv.AppendView(buffer.View(info.Pkt.Header.View()[len(info.Pkt.LinkHeader):]))
+	vv.AppendView(info.Pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
+	vv.AppendView(info.Pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 	// Append data payload.
 	vv.Append(info.Pkt.Data)
 
@@ -361,8 +361,7 @@ func (e *tunEndpoint) AddHeader(local, remote tcpip.LinkAddress, protocol tcpip.
 	if !e.isTap {
 		return
 	}
-	eth := header.Ethernet(pkt.Header.Prepend(header.EthernetMinimumSize))
-	pkt.LinkHeader = buffer.View(eth)
+	eth := header.Ethernet(pkt.LinkHeader().Push(header.EthernetMinimumSize))
 	hdr := &header.EthernetFields{
 		SrcAddr: local,
 		DstAddr: remote,
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/link/waitable/waitable_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/link/waitable/waitable_test.go
index c448a888f..94827fc56 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/link/waitable/waitable_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/link/waitable/waitable_test.go
@@ -104,21 +104,21 @@ func TestWaitWrite(t *testing.T) {
 	wep := New(ep)
 
 	// Write and check that it goes through.
-	wep.WritePacket(nil, nil /* gso */, 0, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	wep.WritePacket(nil, nil /* gso */, 0, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if want := 1; ep.writeCount != want {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected writeCount: got=%v, want=%v", ep.writeCount, want)
 	}
 
 	// Wait on dispatches, then try to write. It must go through.
 	wep.WaitDispatch()
-	wep.WritePacket(nil, nil /* gso */, 0, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	wep.WritePacket(nil, nil /* gso */, 0, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if want := 2; ep.writeCount != want {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected writeCount: got=%v, want=%v", ep.writeCount, want)
 	}
 
 	// Wait on writes, then try to write. It must not go through.
 	wep.WaitWrite()
-	wep.WritePacket(nil, nil /* gso */, 0, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	wep.WritePacket(nil, nil /* gso */, 0, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if want := 2; ep.writeCount != want {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected writeCount: got=%v, want=%v", ep.writeCount, want)
 	}
@@ -135,21 +135,21 @@ func TestWaitDispatch(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Dispatch and check that it goes through.
-	ep.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	ep.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if want := 1; ep.dispatchCount != want {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected dispatchCount: got=%v, want=%v", ep.dispatchCount, want)
 	}
 
 	// Wait on writes, then try to dispatch. It must go through.
 	wep.WaitWrite()
-	ep.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	ep.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if want := 2; ep.dispatchCount != want {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected dispatchCount: got=%v, want=%v", ep.dispatchCount, want)
 	}
 
 	// Wait on dispatches, then try to dispatch. It must not go through.
 	wep.WaitDispatch()
-	ep.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, &stack.PacketBuffer{})
+	ep.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{}))
 	if want := 2; ep.dispatchCount != want {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected dispatchCount: got=%v, want=%v", ep.dispatchCount, want)
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go
index 31a242482..1ad788a17 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBu
 }
 
 func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
-	h := header.ARP(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+	h := header.ARP(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 	if !h.IsValid() {
 		return
 	}
@@ -110,17 +110,17 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 		if e.linkAddrCache.CheckLocalAddress(e.nicID, header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, localAddr) == 0 {
 			return // we have no useful answer, ignore the request
 		}
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(e.linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ARPSize)
-		packet := header.ARP(hdr.Prepend(header.ARPSize))
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(e.linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ARPSize,
+		})
+		packet := header.ARP(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(header.ARPSize))
 		packet.SetIPv4OverEthernet()
 		packet.SetOp(header.ARPReply)
 		copy(packet.HardwareAddressSender(), r.LocalLinkAddress[:])
 		copy(packet.ProtocolAddressSender(), h.ProtocolAddressTarget())
 		copy(packet.HardwareAddressTarget(), h.HardwareAddressSender())
 		copy(packet.ProtocolAddressTarget(), h.ProtocolAddressSender())
-		e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-		})
+		_ = e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 		fallthrough // also fill the cache from requests
 	case header.ARPReply:
 		addr := tcpip.Address(h.ProtocolAddressSender())
@@ -168,17 +168,17 @@ func (*protocol) LinkAddressRequest(addr, localAddr tcpip.Address, remoteLinkAdd
 		r.RemoteLinkAddress = header.EthernetBroadcastAddress
 	}
 
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ARPSize)
-	h := header.ARP(hdr.Prepend(header.ARPSize))
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ARPSize,
+	})
+	h := header.ARP(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(header.ARPSize))
 	h.SetIPv4OverEthernet()
 	h.SetOp(header.ARPRequest)
 	copy(h.HardwareAddressSender(), linkEP.LinkAddress())
 	copy(h.ProtocolAddressSender(), localAddr)
 	copy(h.ProtocolAddressTarget(), addr)
 
-	return linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-	})
+	return linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // ResolveStaticAddress implements stack.LinkAddressResolver.ResolveStaticAddress.
@@ -210,12 +210,10 @@ func (*protocol) Wait() {}
 
 // Parse implements stack.NetworkProtocol.Parse.
 func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) (proto tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, hasTransportHdr bool, ok bool) {
-	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.ARPSize)
+	_, ok = pkt.NetworkHeader().Consume(header.ARPSize)
 	if !ok {
 		return 0, false, false
 	}
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = hdr
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(header.ARPSize)
 	return 0, false, true
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp_test.go
index a35a64a0f..c2c3e6891 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp_test.go
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ func TestDirectRequest(t *testing.T) {
 
 	inject := func(addr tcpip.Address) {
 		copy(h.ProtocolAddressTarget(), addr)
-		c.linkEP.InjectInbound(arp.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		c.linkEP.InjectInbound(arp.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: v.ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	for i, address := range []tcpip.Address{stackAddr1, stackAddr2} {
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ func TestDirectRequest(t *testing.T) {
 			if pi.Proto != arp.ProtocolNumber {
 				t.Fatalf("expected ARP response, got network protocol number %d", pi.Proto)
 			}
-			rep := header.ARP(pi.Pkt.Header.View())
+			rep := header.ARP(pi.Pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 			if !rep.IsValid() {
-				t.Fatalf("invalid ARP response pi.Pkt.Header.UsedLength()=%d", pi.Pkt.Header.UsedLength())
+				t.Fatalf("invalid ARP response: len = %d; response = %x", len(rep), rep)
 			}
 			if got, want := tcpip.LinkAddress(rep.HardwareAddressSender()), stackLinkAddr1; got != want {
 				t.Errorf("got HardwareAddressSender = %s, want = %s", got, want)
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go
index 615bae648..e6768258a 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@ func (t *testObject) WritePacket(_ *stack.Route, _ *stack.GSO, protocol tcpip.Ne
 	var dstAddr tcpip.Address
 
 	if t.v4 {
-		h := header.IPv4(pkt.Header.View())
+		h := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 		prot = tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(h.Protocol())
 		srcAddr = h.SourceAddress()
 		dstAddr = h.DestinationAddress()
 
 	} else {
-		h := header.IPv6(pkt.Header.View())
+		h := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 		prot = tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(h.NextHeader())
 		srcAddr = h.SourceAddress()
 		dstAddr = h.DestinationAddress()
@@ -243,8 +243,11 @@ func TestIPv4Send(t *testing.T) {
 		payload[i] = uint8(i)
 	}
 
-	// Allocate the header buffer.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
+	// Setup the packet buffer.
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               payload.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
 
 	// Issue the write.
 	o.protocol = 123
@@ -260,10 +263,7 @@ func TestIPv4Send(t *testing.T) {
 		Protocol: 123,
 		TTL:      123,
 		TOS:      stack.DefaultTOS,
-	}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   payload.ToVectorisedView(),
-	}); err != nil {
+	}, pkt); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed: %v", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -303,9 +303,13 @@ func TestIPv4Receive(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("could not find route: %v", err)
 	}
-	pkt := stack.PacketBuffer{Data: view.ToVectorisedView()}
-	proto.Parse(&pkt)
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: view.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	if _, _, ok := proto.Parse(pkt); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse packet: %x", pkt.Data.ToView())
+	}
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 1", o.dataCalls)
 	}
@@ -455,17 +459,25 @@ func TestIPv4FragmentationReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Send first segment.
-	pkt := stack.PacketBuffer{Data: frag1.ToVectorisedView()}
-	proto.Parse(&pkt)
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: frag1.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	if _, _, ok := proto.Parse(pkt); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse packet: %x", pkt.Data.ToView())
+	}
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 0", o.dataCalls)
 	}
 
 	// Send second segment.
-	pkt = stack.PacketBuffer{Data: frag2.ToVectorisedView()}
-	proto.Parse(&pkt)
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
+	pkt = stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: frag2.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	if _, _, ok := proto.Parse(pkt); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse packet: %x", pkt.Data.ToView())
+	}
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 1", o.dataCalls)
 	}
@@ -485,8 +497,11 @@ func TestIPv6Send(t *testing.T) {
 		payload[i] = uint8(i)
 	}
 
-	// Allocate the header buffer.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(ep.MaxHeaderLength()))
+	// Setup the packet buffer.
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(ep.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               payload.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
 
 	// Issue the write.
 	o.protocol = 123
@@ -502,10 +517,7 @@ func TestIPv6Send(t *testing.T) {
 		Protocol: 123,
 		TTL:      123,
 		TOS:      stack.DefaultTOS,
-	}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   payload.ToVectorisedView(),
-	}); err != nil {
+	}, pkt); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WritePacket failed: %v", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -545,9 +557,13 @@ func TestIPv6Receive(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("could not find route: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	pkt := stack.PacketBuffer{Data: view.ToVectorisedView()}
-	proto.Parse(&pkt)
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: view.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	if _, _, ok := proto.Parse(pkt); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse packet: %x", pkt.Data.ToView())
+	}
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 1", o.dataCalls)
 	}
@@ -673,11 +689,9 @@ func TestIPv6ReceiveControl(t *testing.T) {
 // becomes Data.
 func truncatedPacket(view buffer.View, trunc, netHdrLen int) *stack.PacketBuffer {
 	v := view[:len(view)-trunc]
-	if len(v) < netHdrLen {
-		return &stack.PacketBuffer{Data: v.ToVectorisedView()}
-	}
-	return &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		NetworkHeader: v[:netHdrLen],
-		Data:          v[netHdrLen:].ToVectorisedView(),
-	}
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: v.ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	_, _ = pkt.NetworkHeader().Consume(netHdrLen)
+	return pkt
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go
index 94803a359..067d770f3 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go
@@ -89,12 +89,14 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Make a copy of data before pkt gets sent to raw socket.
+		// DeliverTransportPacket will take ownership of pkt.
+		replyData := pkt.Data.Clone(nil)
+		replyData.TrimFront(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize)
+
 		// It's possible that a raw socket expects to receive this.
 		h.SetChecksum(wantChecksum)
-		e.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Data:          pkt.Data.Clone(nil),
-			NetworkHeader: append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.NetworkHeader...),
-		})
+		e.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 
 		remoteLinkAddr := r.RemoteLinkAddress
 
@@ -116,24 +118,26 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 		// Use the remote link address from the incoming packet.
 		r.ResolveWith(remoteLinkAddr)
 
-		vv := pkt.Data.Clone(nil)
-		vv.TrimFront(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize)
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv4MinimumSize)
-		pkt := header.ICMPv4(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize))
-		copy(pkt, h)
-		pkt.SetType(header.ICMPv4EchoReply)
-		pkt.SetChecksum(0)
-		pkt.SetChecksum(^header.Checksum(pkt, header.ChecksumVV(vv, 0)))
+		// Prepare a reply packet.
+		icmpHdr := make(header.ICMPv4, header.ICMPv4MinimumSize)
+		copy(icmpHdr, h)
+		icmpHdr.SetType(header.ICMPv4EchoReply)
+		icmpHdr.SetChecksum(0)
+		icmpHdr.SetChecksum(^header.Checksum(icmpHdr, header.ChecksumVV(replyData, 0)))
+		dataVV := buffer.View(icmpHdr).ToVectorisedView()
+		dataVV.Append(replyData)
+		replyPkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(r.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               dataVV,
+		})
+
+		// Send out the reply packet.
 		sent := stats.ICMP.V4PacketsSent
 		if err := r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{
 			Protocol: header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber,
 			TTL:      r.DefaultTTL(),
 			TOS:      stack.DefaultTOS,
-		}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header:          hdr,
-			Data:            vv,
-			TransportHeader: buffer.View(pkt),
-		}); err != nil {
+		}, replyPkt); err != nil {
 			sent.Dropped.Increment()
 			return
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
index 9ff27a363..3cd48ceb3 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 package ipv4
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
@@ -127,14 +126,12 @@ func (e *endpoint) NetworkProtocolNumber() tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber {
 }
 
 // writePacketFragments calls e.linkEP.WritePacket with each packet fragment to
-// write. It assumes that the IP header is entirely in pkt.Header but does not
-// assume that only the IP header is in pkt.Header. It assumes that the input
-// packet's stated length matches the length of the header+payload. mtu
-// includes the IP header and options. This does not support the DontFragment
-// IP flag.
+// write. It assumes that the IP header is already present in pkt.NetworkHeader.
+// pkt.TransportHeader may be set. mtu includes the IP header and options. This
+// does not support the DontFragment IP flag.
 func (e *endpoint) writePacketFragments(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, mtu int, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) *tcpip.Error {
 	// This packet is too big, it needs to be fragmented.
-	ip := header.IPv4(pkt.Header.View())
+	ip := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 	flags := ip.Flags()
 
 	// Update mtu to take into account the header, which will exist in all
@@ -148,88 +145,84 @@ func (e *endpoint) writePacketFragments(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, mtu int,
 
 	outerMTU := innerMTU + int(ip.HeaderLength())
 	offset := ip.FragmentOffset()
-	originalAvailableLength := pkt.Header.AvailableLength()
+
+	// Keep the length reserved for link-layer, we need to create fragments with
+	// the same reserved length.
+	reservedForLink := pkt.AvailableHeaderBytes()
+
+	// Destroy the packet, pull all payloads out for fragmentation.
+	transHeader, data := pkt.TransportHeader().View(), pkt.Data
+
+	// Where possible, the first fragment that is sent has the same
+	// number of bytes reserved for header as the input packet. The link-layer
+	// endpoint may depend on this for looking at, eg, L4 headers.
+	transFitsFirst := len(transHeader) <= innerMTU
+
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		// Where possible, the first fragment that is sent has the same
-		// pkt.Header.UsedLength() as the input packet. The link-layer
-		// endpoint may depend on this for looking at, eg, L4 headers.
-		h := ip
-		if i > 0 {
-			pkt.Header = buffer.NewPrependable(int(ip.HeaderLength()) + originalAvailableLength)
-			h = header.IPv4(pkt.Header.Prepend(int(ip.HeaderLength())))
-			copy(h, ip[:ip.HeaderLength()])
+		reserve := reservedForLink + int(ip.HeaderLength())
+		if i == 0 && transFitsFirst {
+			// Reserve for transport header if it's going to be put in the first
+			// fragment.
+			reserve += len(transHeader)
+		}
+		fragPkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: reserve,
+		})
+		fragPkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
+
+		// Copy data for the fragment.
+		avail := innerMTU
+
+		if n := len(transHeader); n > 0 {
+			if n > avail {
+				n = avail
+			}
+			if i == 0 && transFitsFirst {
+				copy(fragPkt.TransportHeader().Push(n), transHeader)
+			} else {
+				fragPkt.Data.AppendView(transHeader[:n:n])
+			}
+			transHeader = transHeader[n:]
+			avail -= n
 		}
+
+		if avail > 0 {
+			n := data.Size()
+			if n > avail {
+				n = avail
+			}
+			data.ReadToVV(&fragPkt.Data, n)
+			avail -= n
+		}
+
+		copied := uint16(innerMTU - avail)
+
+		// Set lengths in header and calculate checksum.
+		h := header.IPv4(fragPkt.NetworkHeader().Push(len(ip)))
+		copy(h, ip)
 		if i != n-1 {
 			h.SetTotalLength(uint16(outerMTU))
 			h.SetFlagsFragmentOffset(flags|header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments, offset)
 		} else {
-			h.SetTotalLength(uint16(h.HeaderLength()) + uint16(pkt.Data.Size()))
+			h.SetTotalLength(uint16(h.HeaderLength()) + copied)
 			h.SetFlagsFragmentOffset(flags, offset)
 		}
 		h.SetChecksum(0)
 		h.SetChecksum(^h.CalculateChecksum())
-		offset += uint16(innerMTU)
-		if i > 0 {
-			newPayload := pkt.Data.Clone(nil)
-			newPayload.CapLength(innerMTU)
-			if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Header:                pkt.Header,
-				Data:                  newPayload,
-				NetworkHeader:         buffer.View(h),
-				NetworkProtocolNumber: header.IPv4ProtocolNumber,
-			}); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
-			pkt.Data.TrimFront(newPayload.Size())
-			continue
-		}
-		// Special handling for the first fragment because it comes
-		// from the header.
-		if outerMTU >= pkt.Header.UsedLength() {
-			// This fragment can fit all of pkt.Header and possibly
-			// some of pkt.Data, too.
-			newPayload := pkt.Data.Clone(nil)
-			newPayloadLength := outerMTU - pkt.Header.UsedLength()
-			newPayload.CapLength(newPayloadLength)
-			if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Header:                pkt.Header,
-				Data:                  newPayload,
-				NetworkHeader:         buffer.View(h),
-				NetworkProtocolNumber: header.IPv4ProtocolNumber,
-			}); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
-			pkt.Data.TrimFront(newPayloadLength)
-		} else {
-			// The fragment is too small to fit all of pkt.Header.
-			startOfHdr := pkt.Header
-			startOfHdr.TrimBack(pkt.Header.UsedLength() - outerMTU)
-			emptyVV := buffer.NewVectorisedView(0, []buffer.View{})
-			if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Header:                startOfHdr,
-				Data:                  emptyVV,
-				NetworkHeader:         buffer.View(h),
-				NetworkProtocolNumber: header.IPv4ProtocolNumber,
-			}); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
-			// Add the unused bytes of pkt.Header into the pkt.Data
-			// that remains to be sent.
-			restOfHdr := pkt.Header.View()[outerMTU:]
-			tmp := buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(restOfHdr), []buffer.View{buffer.NewViewFromBytes(restOfHdr)})
-			tmp.Append(pkt.Data)
-			pkt.Data = tmp
+		offset += copied
+
+		// Send out the fragment.
+		if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, ProtocolNumber, fragPkt); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
+		r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (e *endpoint) addIPHeader(r *stack.Route, hdr *buffer.Prependable, payloadSize int, params stack.NetworkHeaderParams) header.IPv4 {
-	ip := header.IPv4(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv4MinimumSize))
-	length := uint16(hdr.UsedLength() + payloadSize)
+func (e *endpoint) addIPHeader(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, params stack.NetworkHeaderParams) {
+	ip := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(header.IPv4MinimumSize))
+	length := uint16(pkt.Size())
 	// RFC 6864 section 4.3 mandates uniqueness of ID values for non-atomic
 	// datagrams. Since the DF bit is never being set here, all datagrams
 	// are non-atomic and need an ID.
@@ -245,14 +238,12 @@ func (e *endpoint) addIPHeader(r *stack.Route, hdr *buffer.Prependable, payloadS
 		DstAddr:     r.RemoteAddress,
 	})
 	ip.SetChecksum(^ip.CalculateChecksum())
-	return ip
+	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
 }
 
 // WritePacket writes a packet to the given destination address and protocol.
 func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, params stack.NetworkHeaderParams, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) *tcpip.Error {
-	ip := e.addIPHeader(r, &pkt.Header, pkt.Data.Size(), params)
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = buffer.View(ip)
-	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
+	e.addIPHeader(r, pkt, params)
 
 	// iptables filtering. All packets that reach here are locally
 	// generated.
@@ -269,7 +260,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, params stack.Netw
 	// only NATted packets, but removing this check short circuits broadcasts
 	// before they are sent out to other hosts.
 	if pkt.NatDone {
-		netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+		netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 		ep, err := e.stack.FindNetworkEndpoint(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, netHeader.DestinationAddress())
 		if err == nil {
 			route := r.ReverseRoute(netHeader.SourceAddress(), netHeader.DestinationAddress())
@@ -286,7 +277,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, params stack.Netw
 	if r.Loop&stack.PacketOut == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if pkt.Header.UsedLength()+pkt.Data.Size() > int(e.linkEP.MTU()) && (gso == nil || gso.Type == stack.GSONone) {
+	if pkt.Size() > int(e.linkEP.MTU()) && (gso == nil || gso.Type == stack.GSONone) {
 		return e.writePacketFragments(r, gso, int(e.linkEP.MTU()), pkt)
 	}
 	if err := e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, gso, ProtocolNumber, pkt); err != nil {
@@ -306,9 +297,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, pkts stack.Packe
 	}
 
 	for pkt := pkts.Front(); pkt != nil; {
-		ip := e.addIPHeader(r, &pkt.Header, pkt.Data.Size(), params)
-		pkt.NetworkHeader = buffer.View(ip)
-		pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
+		e.addIPHeader(r, pkt, params)
 		pkt = pkt.Next()
 	}
 
@@ -333,7 +322,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, pkts stack.Packe
 			continue
 		}
 		if _, ok := natPkts[pkt]; ok {
-			netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+			netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 			if ep, err := e.stack.FindNetworkEndpoint(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, netHeader.DestinationAddress()); err == nil {
 				src := netHeader.SourceAddress()
 				dst := netHeader.DestinationAddress()
@@ -402,17 +391,14 @@ func (e *endpoint) WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBu
 
 	r.Stats().IP.PacketsSent.Increment()
 
-	ip = ip[:ip.HeaderLength()]
-	pkt.Header = buffer.NewPrependableFromView(buffer.View(ip))
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(int(ip.HeaderLength()))
 	return e.linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // HandlePacket is called by the link layer when new ipv4 packets arrive for
 // this endpoint.
 func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
-	h := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
-	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size() + len(pkt.NetworkHeader) + len(pkt.TransportHeader)) {
+	h := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
+	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size() + pkt.NetworkHeader().View().Size() + pkt.TransportHeader().View().Size()) {
 		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 		return
 	}
@@ -426,7 +412,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	}
 
 	if h.More() || h.FragmentOffset() != 0 {
-		if pkt.Data.Size()+len(pkt.TransportHeader) == 0 {
+		if pkt.Data.Size()+pkt.TransportHeader().View().Size() == 0 {
 			// Drop the packet as it's marked as a fragment but has
 			// no payload.
 			r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
@@ -470,7 +456,6 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	}
 	p := h.TransportProtocol()
 	if p == header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber {
-		pkt.NetworkHeader.CapLength(int(h.HeaderLength()))
 		e.handleICMP(r, pkt)
 		return
 	}
@@ -560,14 +545,19 @@ func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) (proto tcpip.TransportProtocolNu
 	}
 	ipHdr := header.IPv4(hdr)
 
-	// If there are options, pull those into hdr as well.
-	if headerLen := int(ipHdr.HeaderLength()); headerLen > header.IPv4MinimumSize && headerLen <= pkt.Data.Size() {
-		hdr, ok = pkt.Data.PullUp(headerLen)
-		if !ok {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("There are only %d bytes in pkt.Data, but there should be at least %d", pkt.Data.Size(), headerLen))
-		}
-		ipHdr = header.IPv4(hdr)
+	// Header may have options, determine the true header length.
+	headerLen := int(ipHdr.HeaderLength())
+	if headerLen < header.IPv4MinimumSize {
+		// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/2404): Per RFC 791, IHL needs to be at least 5 in
+		// order for the packet to be valid. Figure out if we want to reject this
+		// case.
+		headerLen = header.IPv4MinimumSize
+	}
+	hdr, ok = pkt.NetworkHeader().Consume(headerLen)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false, false
 	}
+	ipHdr = header.IPv4(hdr)
 
 	// If this is a fragment, don't bother parsing the transport header.
 	parseTransportHeader := true
@@ -576,8 +566,6 @@ func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) (proto tcpip.TransportProtocolNu
 	}
 
 	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = hdr
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(len(hdr))
 	pkt.Data.CapLength(int(ipHdr.TotalLength()) - len(hdr))
 	return ipHdr.TransportProtocol(), parseTransportHeader, true
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
index 63e2c36c2..afd3ac06d 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package ipv4_test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
 	"math/rand"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -91,15 +92,11 @@ func TestExcludeBroadcast(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// makeHdrAndPayload generates a randomize packet. hdrLength indicates how much
+// makeRandPkt generates a randomize packet. hdrLength indicates how much
 // data should already be in the header before WritePacket. extraLength
 // indicates how much extra space should be in the header. The payload is made
 // from many Views of the sizes listed in viewSizes.
-func makeHdrAndPayload(hdrLength int, extraLength int, viewSizes []int) (buffer.Prependable, buffer.VectorisedView) {
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(hdrLength + extraLength)
-	hdr.Prepend(hdrLength)
-	rand.Read(hdr.View())
-
+func makeRandPkt(hdrLength int, extraLength int, viewSizes []int) *stack.PacketBuffer {
 	var views []buffer.View
 	totalLength := 0
 	for _, s := range viewSizes {
@@ -108,8 +105,16 @@ func makeHdrAndPayload(hdrLength int, extraLength int, viewSizes []int) (buffer.
 		views = append(views, newView)
 		totalLength += s
 	}
-	payload := buffer.NewVectorisedView(totalLength, views)
-	return hdr, payload
+
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: hdrLength + extraLength,
+		Data:               buffer.NewVectorisedView(totalLength, views),
+	})
+	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
+	if _, err := rand.Read(pkt.TransportHeader().Push(hdrLength)); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("rand.Read: %s", err))
+	}
+	return pkt
 }
 
 // comparePayloads compared the contents of all the packets against the contents
@@ -117,9 +122,9 @@ func makeHdrAndPayload(hdrLength int, extraLength int, viewSizes []int) (buffer.
 func compareFragments(t *testing.T, packets []*stack.PacketBuffer, sourcePacketInfo *stack.PacketBuffer, mtu uint32) {
 	t.Helper()
 	// Make a complete array of the sourcePacketInfo packet.
-	source := header.IPv4(packets[0].Header.View()[:header.IPv4MinimumSize])
-	source = append(source, sourcePacketInfo.Header.View()...)
-	source = append(source, sourcePacketInfo.Data.ToView()...)
+	source := header.IPv4(packets[0].NetworkHeader().View()[:header.IPv4MinimumSize])
+	vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(sourcePacketInfo.Size(), sourcePacketInfo.Views())
+	source = append(source, vv.ToView()...)
 
 	// Make a copy of the IP header, which will be modified in some fields to make
 	// an expected header.
@@ -132,8 +137,7 @@ func compareFragments(t *testing.T, packets []*stack.PacketBuffer, sourcePacketI
 	var reassembledPayload []byte
 	for i, packet := range packets {
 		// Confirm that the packet is valid.
-		allBytes := packet.Header.View().ToVectorisedView()
-		allBytes.Append(packet.Data)
+		allBytes := buffer.NewVectorisedView(packet.Size(), packet.Views())
 		ip := header.IPv4(allBytes.ToView())
 		if !ip.IsValid(len(ip)) {
 			t.Errorf("IP packet is invalid:\n%s", hex.Dump(ip))
@@ -144,10 +148,17 @@ func compareFragments(t *testing.T, packets []*stack.PacketBuffer, sourcePacketI
 		if got, want := len(ip), int(mtu); got > want {
 			t.Errorf("fragment is too large, got %d want %d", got, want)
 		}
-		if got, want := packet.Header.UsedLength(), sourcePacketInfo.Header.UsedLength()+header.IPv4MinimumSize; i == 0 && want < int(mtu) && got != want {
-			t.Errorf("first fragment hdr parts should have unmodified length if possible: got %d, want %d", got, want)
+		if i == 0 {
+			got := packet.NetworkHeader().View().Size() + packet.TransportHeader().View().Size()
+			// sourcePacketInfo does not have NetworkHeader added, simulate one.
+			want := header.IPv4MinimumSize + sourcePacketInfo.TransportHeader().View().Size()
+			// Check that it kept the transport header in packet.TransportHeader if
+			// it fits in the first fragment.
+			if want < int(mtu) && got != want {
+				t.Errorf("first fragment hdr parts should have unmodified length if possible: got %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
 		}
-		if got, want := packet.Header.AvailableLength(), sourcePacketInfo.Header.AvailableLength()-header.IPv4MinimumSize; got != want {
+		if got, want := packet.AvailableHeaderBytes(), sourcePacketInfo.AvailableHeaderBytes()-header.IPv4MinimumSize; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("fragment #%d should have the same available space for prepending as source: got %d, want %d", i, got, want)
 		}
 		if got, want := packet.NetworkProtocolNumber, sourcePacketInfo.NetworkProtocolNumber; got != want {
@@ -284,22 +295,14 @@ func TestFragmentation(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, ft := range fragTests {
 		t.Run(ft.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			hdr, payload := makeHdrAndPayload(ft.hdrLength, ft.extraLength, ft.payloadViewsSizes)
-			source := &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Header: hdr,
-				// Save the source payload because WritePacket will modify it.
-				Data:                  payload.Clone(nil),
-				NetworkProtocolNumber: header.IPv4ProtocolNumber,
-			}
+			pkt := makeRandPkt(ft.hdrLength, ft.extraLength, ft.payloadViewsSizes)
+			source := pkt.Clone()
 			c := buildContext(t, nil, ft.mtu)
 			err := c.Route.WritePacket(ft.gso, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{
 				Protocol: tcp.ProtocolNumber,
 				TTL:      42,
 				TOS:      stack.DefaultTOS,
-			}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Header: hdr,
-				Data:   payload,
-			})
+			}, pkt)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Errorf("err got %v, want %v", err, nil)
 			}
@@ -344,16 +347,13 @@ func TestFragmentationErrors(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, ft := range fragTests {
 		t.Run(ft.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			hdr, payload := makeHdrAndPayload(ft.hdrLength, header.IPv4MinimumSize, ft.payloadViewsSizes)
+			pkt := makeRandPkt(ft.hdrLength, header.IPv4MinimumSize, ft.payloadViewsSizes)
 			c := buildContext(t, ft.packetCollectorErrors, ft.mtu)
 			err := c.Route.WritePacket(&stack.GSO{}, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{
 				Protocol: tcp.ProtocolNumber,
 				TTL:      42,
 				TOS:      stack.DefaultTOS,
-			}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Header: hdr,
-				Data:   payload,
-			})
+			}, pkt)
 			for i := 0; i < len(ft.packetCollectorErrors)-1; i++ {
 				if got, want := ft.packetCollectorErrors[i], (*tcpip.Error)(nil); got != want {
 					t.Errorf("ft.packetCollectorErrors[%d] got %v, want %v", i, got, want)
@@ -472,9 +472,9 @@ func TestInvalidFragments(t *testing.T) {
 			s.CreateNIC(nicID, sniffer.New(ep))
 
 			for _, pkt := range tc.packets {
-				ep.InjectLinkAddr(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, remoteLinkAddr, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+				ep.InjectLinkAddr(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, remoteLinkAddr, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 					Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(pkt), []buffer.View{pkt}),
-				})
+				}))
 			}
 
 			if got, want := s.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Value(), tc.wantMalformedIPPackets; got != want {
@@ -859,9 +859,9 @@ func TestReceiveFragments(t *testing.T) {
 				vv := hdr.View().ToVectorisedView()
 				vv.AppendView(frag.payload)
 
-				e.InjectInbound(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+				e.InjectInbound(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 					Data: vv,
-				})
+				}))
 			}
 
 			if got, want := s.Stats().UDP.PacketsReceived.Value(), uint64(len(test.expectedPayloads)); got != want {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go
index ded91d83a..39ae19295 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, hasFragme
 		return
 	}
 	h := header.ICMPv6(v)
-	iph := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+	iph := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 
 	// Validate ICMPv6 checksum before processing the packet.
 	//
@@ -276,8 +276,10 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, hasFragme
 		optsSerializer := header.NDPOptionsSerializer{
 			header.NDPTargetLinkLayerAddressOption(r.LocalLinkAddress),
 		}
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertMinimumSize + int(optsSerializer.Length()))
-		packet := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertSize))
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertMinimumSize + int(optsSerializer.Length()),
+		})
+		packet := header.ICMPv6(pkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertSize))
 		packet.SetType(header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvert)
 		na := header.NDPNeighborAdvert(packet.NDPPayload())
 		na.SetSolicitedFlag(solicited)
@@ -293,9 +295,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, hasFragme
 		//
 		// The IP Hop Limit field has a value of 255, i.e., the packet
 		// could not possibly have been forwarded by a router.
-		if err := r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: header.NDPHopLimit, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-		}); err != nil {
+		if err := r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: header.NDPHopLimit, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, pkt); err != nil {
 			sent.Dropped.Increment()
 			return
 		}
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, hasFragme
 
 	case header.ICMPv6EchoRequest:
 		received.EchoRequest.Increment()
-		icmpHdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.ICMPv6EchoMinimumSize)
+		icmpHdr, ok := pkt.TransportHeader().Consume(header.ICMPv6EchoMinimumSize)
 		if !ok {
 			received.Invalid.Increment()
 			return
@@ -409,16 +409,15 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, hasFragme
 		// Use the link address from the source of the original packet.
 		r.ResolveWith(remoteLinkAddr)
 
-		pkt.Data.TrimFront(header.ICMPv6EchoMinimumSize)
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv6EchoMinimumSize)
-		packet := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv6EchoMinimumSize))
+		replyPkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv6EchoMinimumSize,
+			Data:               pkt.Data,
+		})
+		packet := header.ICMPv6(replyPkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.ICMPv6EchoMinimumSize))
 		copy(packet, icmpHdr)
 		packet.SetType(header.ICMPv6EchoReply)
 		packet.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(packet, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, pkt.Data))
-		if err := r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: r.DefaultTTL(), TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   pkt.Data,
-		}); err != nil {
+		if err := r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: r.DefaultTTL(), TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, replyPkt); err != nil {
 			sent.Dropped.Increment()
 			return
 		}
@@ -539,17 +538,19 @@ func (*protocol) LinkAddressRequest(addr, localAddr tcpip.Address, remoteLinkAdd
 		r.RemoteLinkAddress = header.EthernetAddressFromMulticastIPv6Address(snaddr)
 	}
 
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.IPv6MinimumSize + header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertSize)
-	pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertSize))
-	pkt.SetType(header.ICMPv6NeighborSolicit)
-	copy(pkt[icmpV6OptOffset-len(addr):], addr)
-	pkt[icmpV6OptOffset] = ndpOptSrcLinkAddr
-	pkt[icmpV6LengthOffset] = 1
-	copy(pkt[icmpV6LengthOffset+1:], linkEP.LinkAddress())
-	pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
-
-	length := uint16(hdr.UsedLength())
-	ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.IPv6MinimumSize + header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertSize,
+	})
+	icmpHdr := header.ICMPv6(pkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.ICMPv6NeighborAdvertSize))
+	icmpHdr.SetType(header.ICMPv6NeighborSolicit)
+	copy(icmpHdr[icmpV6OptOffset-len(addr):], addr)
+	icmpHdr[icmpV6OptOffset] = ndpOptSrcLinkAddr
+	icmpHdr[icmpV6LengthOffset] = 1
+	copy(icmpHdr[icmpV6LengthOffset+1:], linkEP.LinkAddress())
+	icmpHdr.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmpHdr, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
+
+	length := uint16(pkt.Size())
+	ip := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
 	ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
 		PayloadLength: length,
 		NextHeader:    uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber),
@@ -559,9 +560,7 @@ func (*protocol) LinkAddressRequest(addr, localAddr tcpip.Address, remoteLinkAdd
 	})
 
 	// TODO(stijlist): count this in ICMP stats.
-	return linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-	})
+	return linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // ResolveStaticAddress implements stack.LinkAddressResolver.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go
index f86aaed1d..2a2f7de01 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go
@@ -183,7 +183,11 @@ func TestICMPCounts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	handleIPv6Payload := func(icmp header.ICMPv6) {
-		ip := header.IPv6(buffer.NewView(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: header.IPv6MinimumSize,
+			Data:               buffer.View(icmp).ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		ip := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
 		ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
 			PayloadLength: uint16(len(icmp)),
 			NextHeader:    uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber),
@@ -191,10 +195,7 @@ func TestICMPCounts(t *testing.T) {
 			SrcAddr:       r.LocalAddress,
 			DstAddr:       r.RemoteAddress,
 		})
-		ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			NetworkHeader: buffer.View(ip),
-			Data:          buffer.View(icmp).ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		ep.HandlePacket(&r, pkt)
 	}
 
 	for _, typ := range types {
@@ -323,12 +324,10 @@ func routeICMPv6Packet(t *testing.T, args routeArgs, fn func(*testing.T, header.
 	pi, _ := args.src.ReadContext(context.Background())
 
 	{
-		views := []buffer.View{pi.Pkt.Header.View(), pi.Pkt.Data.ToView()}
-		size := pi.Pkt.Header.UsedLength() + pi.Pkt.Data.Size()
-		vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(size, views)
-		args.dst.InjectLinkAddr(pi.Proto, args.dst.LinkAddress(), &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Data: vv,
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(pi.Pkt.Size(), pi.Pkt.Views()),
 		})
+		args.dst.InjectLinkAddr(pi.Proto, args.dst.LinkAddress(), pkt)
 	}
 
 	if pi.Proto != ProtocolNumber {
@@ -340,7 +339,9 @@ func routeICMPv6Packet(t *testing.T, args routeArgs, fn func(*testing.T, header.
 		t.Errorf("got remote link address = %s, want = %s", pi.Route.RemoteLinkAddress, args.remoteLinkAddr)
 	}
 
-	ipv6 := header.IPv6(pi.Pkt.Header.View())
+	// Pull the full payload since network header. Needed for header.IPv6 to
+	// extract its payload.
+	ipv6 := header.IPv6(stack.PayloadSince(pi.Pkt.NetworkHeader()))
 	transProto := tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(ipv6.NextHeader())
 	if transProto != header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected transport protocol number %d", transProto)
@@ -558,9 +559,10 @@ func TestICMPChecksumValidationSimple(t *testing.T) {
 					SrcAddr:       lladdr1,
 					DstAddr:       lladdr0,
 				})
-				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+				pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 					Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(ip)+len(icmp), []buffer.View{buffer.View(ip), buffer.View(icmp)}),
 				})
+				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 			}
 
 			stats := s.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsReceived
@@ -719,12 +721,12 @@ func TestICMPChecksumValidationWithPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			handleIPv6Payload := func(typ header.ICMPv6Type, size, payloadSize int, payloadFn func(buffer.View), checksum bool) {
 				icmpSize := size + payloadSize
 				hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize + icmpSize)
-				pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(icmpSize))
-				pkt.SetType(typ)
-				payloadFn(pkt.Payload())
+				icmpHdr := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(icmpSize))
+				icmpHdr.SetType(typ)
+				payloadFn(icmpHdr.Payload())
 
 				if checksum {
-					pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, lladdr1, lladdr0, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
+					icmpHdr.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmpHdr, lladdr1, lladdr0, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
 				}
 
 				ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
@@ -735,9 +737,10 @@ func TestICMPChecksumValidationWithPayload(t *testing.T) {
 					SrcAddr:       lladdr1,
 					DstAddr:       lladdr0,
 				})
-				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+				pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 					Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
 				})
+				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 			}
 
 			stats := s.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsReceived
@@ -895,14 +898,14 @@ func TestICMPChecksumValidationWithPayloadMultipleViews(t *testing.T) {
 
 			handleIPv6Payload := func(typ header.ICMPv6Type, size, payloadSize int, payloadFn func(buffer.View), checksum bool) {
 				hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize + size)
-				pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(size))
-				pkt.SetType(typ)
+				icmpHdr := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(size))
+				icmpHdr.SetType(typ)
 
 				payload := buffer.NewView(payloadSize)
 				payloadFn(payload)
 
 				if checksum {
-					pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, lladdr1, lladdr0, payload.ToVectorisedView()))
+					icmpHdr.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmpHdr, lladdr1, lladdr0, payload.ToVectorisedView()))
 				}
 
 				ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
@@ -913,9 +916,10 @@ func TestICMPChecksumValidationWithPayloadMultipleViews(t *testing.T) {
 					SrcAddr:       lladdr1,
 					DstAddr:       lladdr0,
 				})
-				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+				pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 					Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(header.IPv6MinimumSize+size+payloadSize, []buffer.View{hdr.View(), payload}),
 				})
+				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 			}
 
 			stats := s.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsReceived
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
index d7d7fc611..0ade655b2 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ func (e *endpoint) GSOMaxSize() uint32 {
 	return 0
 }
 
-func (e *endpoint) addIPHeader(r *stack.Route, hdr *buffer.Prependable, payloadSize int, params stack.NetworkHeaderParams) header.IPv6 {
-	length := uint16(hdr.UsedLength() + payloadSize)
-	ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+func (e *endpoint) addIPHeader(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, params stack.NetworkHeaderParams) {
+	length := uint16(pkt.Size())
+	ip := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
 	ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
 		PayloadLength: length,
 		NextHeader:    uint8(params.Protocol),
@@ -110,26 +110,20 @@ func (e *endpoint) addIPHeader(r *stack.Route, hdr *buffer.Prependable, payloadS
 		SrcAddr:       r.LocalAddress,
 		DstAddr:       r.RemoteAddress,
 	})
-	return ip
+	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
 }
 
 // WritePacket writes a packet to the given destination address and protocol.
 func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, params stack.NetworkHeaderParams, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) *tcpip.Error {
-	ip := e.addIPHeader(r, &pkt.Header, pkt.Data.Size(), params)
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = buffer.View(ip)
-	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
+	e.addIPHeader(r, pkt, params)
 
 	if r.Loop&stack.PacketLoop != 0 {
-		// The inbound path expects the network header to still be in
-		// the PacketBuffer's Data field.
-		views := make([]buffer.View, 1, 1+len(pkt.Data.Views()))
-		views[0] = pkt.Header.View()
-		views = append(views, pkt.Data.Views()...)
 		loopedR := r.MakeLoopedRoute()
 
-		e.HandlePacket(&loopedR, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(views[0])+pkt.Data.Size(), views),
-		})
+		e.HandlePacket(&loopedR, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			// The inbound path expects an unparsed packet.
+			Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(pkt.Size(), pkt.Views()),
+		}))
 
 		loopedR.Release()
 	}
@@ -151,9 +145,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, pkts stack.Packe
 	}
 
 	for pb := pkts.Front(); pb != nil; pb = pb.Next() {
-		ip := e.addIPHeader(r, &pb.Header, pb.Data.Size(), params)
-		pb.NetworkHeader = buffer.View(ip)
-		pb.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
+		e.addIPHeader(r, pb, params)
 	}
 
 	n, err := e.linkEP.WritePackets(r, gso, pkts, ProtocolNumber)
@@ -171,8 +163,8 @@ func (*endpoint) WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuff
 // HandlePacket is called by the link layer when new ipv6 packets arrive for
 // this endpoint.
 func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
-	h := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader)
-	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size() + len(pkt.NetworkHeader) + len(pkt.TransportHeader)) {
+	h := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
+	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size() + pkt.NetworkHeader().View().Size() + pkt.TransportHeader().View().Size()) {
 		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 		return
 	}
@@ -181,8 +173,8 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	// - Any IPv6 header bytes after the first 40 (i.e. extensions).
 	// - The transport header, if present.
 	// - Any other payload data.
-	vv := pkt.NetworkHeader[header.IPv6MinimumSize:].ToVectorisedView()
-	vv.AppendView(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	vv := pkt.NetworkHeader().View()[header.IPv6MinimumSize:].ToVectorisedView()
+	vv.AppendView(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 	vv.Append(pkt.Data)
 	it := header.MakeIPv6PayloadIterator(header.IPv6ExtensionHeaderIdentifier(h.NextHeader()), vv)
 	hasFragmentHeader := false
@@ -410,7 +402,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 			//
 			// For reassembled fragments, pkt.TransportHeader is unset, so this is a
 			// no-op and pkt.Data begins with the transport header.
-			extHdr.Buf.TrimFront(len(pkt.TransportHeader))
+			extHdr.Buf.TrimFront(pkt.TransportHeader().View().Size())
 			pkt.Data = extHdr.Buf
 
 			if p := tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(extHdr.Identifier); p == header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber {
@@ -581,17 +573,14 @@ traverseExtensions:
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Put the IPv6 header with extensions in pkt.NetworkHeader.
-	hdr, ok = pkt.Data.PullUp(header.IPv6MinimumSize + extensionsSize)
+	// Put the IPv6 header with extensions in pkt.NetworkHeader().
+	hdr, ok = pkt.NetworkHeader().Consume(header.IPv6MinimumSize + extensionsSize)
 	if !ok {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("pkt.Data should have at least %d bytes, but only has %d.", header.IPv6MinimumSize+extensionsSize, pkt.Data.Size()))
 	}
 	ipHdr = header.IPv6(hdr)
-
-	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = hdr
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(len(hdr))
 	pkt.Data.CapLength(int(ipHdr.PayloadLength()))
+	pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
 
 	return nextHdr, foundNext, true
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go
index 3d65814de..081afb051 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ func testReceiveICMP(t *testing.T, s *stack.Stack, e *channel.Endpoint, src, dst
 		DstAddr:       dst,
 	})
 
-	e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	stats := s.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsReceived
 
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ func testReceiveUDP(t *testing.T, s *stack.Stack, e *channel.Endpoint, src, dst
 		DstAddr:       dst,
 	})
 
-	e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	stat := s.Stats().UDP.PacketsReceived
 
@@ -637,9 +637,9 @@ func TestReceiveIPv6ExtHdrs(t *testing.T) {
 				DstAddr:       addr2,
 			})
 
-			e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			}))
 
 			stats := s.Stats().UDP.PacketsReceived
 
@@ -1469,9 +1469,9 @@ func TestReceiveIPv6Fragments(t *testing.T) {
 				vv := hdr.View().ToVectorisedView()
 				vv.Append(f.data)
 
-				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 					Data: vv,
-				})
+				}))
 			}
 
 			if got, want := s.Stats().UDP.PacketsReceived.Value(), uint64(len(test.expectedPayloads)); got != want {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go
index 64239ce9a..fe159b24f 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ func TestNeighorSolicitationWithSourceLinkLayerOption(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("got invalid = %d, want = 0", got)
 			}
 
-			e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			}))
 
 			linkAddr, c, err := s.GetLinkAddress(nicID, lladdr1, lladdr0, ProtocolNumber, nil)
 			if linkAddr != test.expectedLinkAddr {
@@ -380,9 +380,9 @@ func TestNeighorSolicitationResponse(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("got invalid = %d, want = 0", got)
 			}
 
-			e.InjectLinkAddr(ProtocolNumber, test.nsSrcLinkAddr, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			e.InjectLinkAddr(ProtocolNumber, test.nsSrcLinkAddr, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			}))
 
 			if test.nsInvalid {
 				if got := invalid.Value(); got != 1 {
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ func TestNeighorSolicitationResponse(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("got p.Route.RemoteLinkAddress = %s, want = %s", p.Route.RemoteLinkAddress, test.naDstLinkAddr)
 			}
 
-			checker.IPv6(t, p.Pkt.Header.View(),
+			checker.IPv6(t, stack.PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader()),
 				checker.SrcAddr(test.naSrc),
 				checker.DstAddr(test.naDst),
 				checker.TTL(header.NDPHopLimit),
@@ -497,9 +497,9 @@ func TestNeighorAdvertisementWithTargetLinkLayerOption(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("got invalid = %d, want = 0", got)
 			}
 
-			e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			}))
 
 			linkAddr, c, err := s.GetLinkAddress(nicID, lladdr1, lladdr0, ProtocolNumber, nil)
 			if linkAddr != test.expectedLinkAddr {
@@ -560,7 +560,11 @@ func TestNDPValidation(t *testing.T) {
 			nextHdr = uint8(header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrIdentifier)
 		}
 
-		ip := header.IPv6(buffer.NewView(header.IPv6MinimumSize + len(extensions)))
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: header.IPv6MinimumSize + len(extensions),
+			Data:               payload.ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		ip := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(header.IPv6MinimumSize + len(extensions)))
 		ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
 			PayloadLength: uint16(len(payload) + len(extensions)),
 			NextHeader:    nextHdr,
@@ -571,10 +575,7 @@ func TestNDPValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		if n := copy(ip[header.IPv6MinimumSize:], extensions); n != len(extensions) {
 			t.Fatalf("expected to write %d bytes of extensions, but wrote %d", len(extensions), n)
 		}
-		ep.HandlePacket(r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			NetworkHeader: buffer.View(ip),
-			Data:          payload.ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		ep.HandlePacket(r, pkt)
 	}
 
 	var tllData [header.NDPLinkLayerAddressSize]byte
@@ -885,9 +886,9 @@ func TestRouterAdvertValidation(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("got rxRA = %d, want = 0", got)
 			}
 
-			e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			}))
 
 			if got := rxRA.Value(); got != 1 {
 				t.Fatalf("got rxRA = %d, want = 1", got)
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/BUILD b/pkg/tcpip/stack/BUILD
index bfc7a0c7c..900938dd1 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/BUILD
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ go_library(
         "conntrack.go",
         "dhcpv6configurationfromndpra_string.go",
         "forwarder.go",
+        "headertype_string.go",
         "icmp_rate_limit.go",
         "iptables.go",
         "iptables_state.go",
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@ go_test(
         "neighbor_cache_test.go",
         "neighbor_entry_test.go",
         "nic_test.go",
+        "packet_buffer_test.go",
     ],
     library = ":stack",
     deps = [
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/conntrack.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/conntrack.go
index 470c265aa..7dd344b4f 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/conntrack.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/conntrack.go
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@ type bucket struct {
 func packetToTupleID(pkt *PacketBuffer) (tupleID, *tcpip.Error) {
 	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): Need to support for other
 	// protocols as well.
-	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
-	if netHeader == nil || netHeader.TransportProtocol() != header.TCPProtocolNumber {
+	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
+	if len(netHeader) < header.IPv4MinimumSize || netHeader.TransportProtocol() != header.TCPProtocolNumber {
 		return tupleID{}, tcpip.ErrUnknownProtocol
 	}
-	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader)
-	if tcpHeader == nil {
+	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
+	if len(tcpHeader) < header.TCPMinimumSize {
 		return tupleID{}, tcpip.ErrUnknownProtocol
 	}
 
@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ func handlePacketPrerouting(pkt *PacketBuffer, conn *conn, dir direction) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
-	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
+	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 
 	// For prerouting redirection, packets going in the original direction
 	// have their destinations modified and replies have their sources
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ func handlePacketOutput(pkt *PacketBuffer, conn *conn, gso *GSO, r *Route, dir d
 		return
 	}
 
-	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
-	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
+	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 
 	// For output redirection, packets going in the original direction
 	// have their destinations modified and replies have their sources
@@ -396,8 +396,7 @@ func handlePacketOutput(pkt *PacketBuffer, conn *conn, gso *GSO, r *Route, dir d
 
 	// Calculate the TCP checksum and set it.
 	tcpHeader.SetChecksum(0)
-	hdr := &pkt.Header
-	length := uint16(pkt.Data.Size()+hdr.UsedLength()) - uint16(netHeader.HeaderLength())
+	length := uint16(pkt.Size()) - uint16(netHeader.HeaderLength())
 	xsum := r.PseudoHeaderChecksum(header.TCPProtocolNumber, length)
 	if gso != nil && gso.NeedsCsum {
 		tcpHeader.SetChecksum(xsum)
@@ -423,7 +422,7 @@ func (ct *ConnTrack) handlePacket(pkt *PacketBuffer, hook Hook, gso *GSO, r *Rou
 	}
 
 	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): Support other transport protocols.
-	if pkt.NetworkHeader == nil || header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader).TransportProtocol() != header.TCPProtocolNumber {
+	if nh := pkt.NetworkHeader().View(); nh.IsEmpty() || header.IPv4(nh).TransportProtocol() != header.TCPProtocolNumber {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -433,8 +432,8 @@ func (ct *ConnTrack) handlePacket(pkt *PacketBuffer, hook Hook, gso *GSO, r *Rou
 		return true
 	}
 
-	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader)
-	if tcpHeader == nil {
+	tcpHeader := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
+	if len(tcpHeader) < header.TCPMinimumSize {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -455,7 +454,7 @@ func (ct *ConnTrack) handlePacket(pkt *PacketBuffer, hook Hook, gso *GSO, r *Rou
 	// Mark the connection as having been used recently so it isn't reaped.
 	conn.lastUsed = time.Now()
 	// Update connection state.
-	conn.updateLocked(header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader), hook)
+	conn.updateLocked(header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().View()), hook)
 
 	return false
 }
@@ -474,7 +473,7 @@ func (ct *ConnTrack) maybeInsertNoop(pkt *PacketBuffer, hook Hook) {
 	}
 
 	// We only track TCP connections.
-	if pkt.NetworkHeader == nil || header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader).TransportProtocol() != header.TCPProtocolNumber {
+	if nh := pkt.NetworkHeader().View(); nh.IsEmpty() || header.IPv4(nh).TransportProtocol() != header.TCPProtocolNumber {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -486,7 +485,7 @@ func (ct *ConnTrack) maybeInsertNoop(pkt *PacketBuffer, hook Hook) {
 		return
 	}
 	conn := newConn(tid, tid.reply(), manipNone, hook)
-	conn.updateLocked(header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader), hook)
+	conn.updateLocked(header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().View()), hook)
 	ct.insertConn(conn)
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/forwarder_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/forwarder_test.go
index c962693f5..944f622fd 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/forwarder_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/forwarder_test.go
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func (f *fwdTestNetworkEndpoint) ID() *NetworkEndpointID {
 
 func (f *fwdTestNetworkEndpoint) HandlePacket(r *Route, pkt *PacketBuffer) {
 	// Dispatch the packet to the transport protocol.
-	f.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(pkt.NetworkHeader[protocolNumberOffset]), pkt)
+	f.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(pkt.NetworkHeader().View()[protocolNumberOffset]), pkt)
 }
 
 func (f *fwdTestNetworkEndpoint) MaxHeaderLength() uint16 {
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func (f *fwdTestNetworkEndpoint) NetworkProtocolNumber() tcpip.NetworkProtocolNu
 func (f *fwdTestNetworkEndpoint) WritePacket(r *Route, gso *GSO, params NetworkHeaderParams, pkt *PacketBuffer) *tcpip.Error {
 	// Add the protocol's header to the packet and send it to the link
 	// endpoint.
-	b := pkt.Header.Prepend(fwdTestNetHeaderLen)
+	b := pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(fwdTestNetHeaderLen)
 	b[dstAddrOffset] = r.RemoteAddress[0]
 	b[srcAddrOffset] = f.id.LocalAddress[0]
 	b[protocolNumberOffset] = byte(params.Protocol)
@@ -144,13 +144,11 @@ func (*fwdTestNetworkProtocol) ParseAddresses(v buffer.View) (src, dst tcpip.Add
 }
 
 func (*fwdTestNetworkProtocol) Parse(pkt *PacketBuffer) (tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, bool, bool) {
-	netHeader, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(fwdTestNetHeaderLen)
+	netHeader, ok := pkt.NetworkHeader().Consume(fwdTestNetHeaderLen)
 	if !ok {
 		return 0, false, false
 	}
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = netHeader
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(fwdTestNetHeaderLen)
-	return tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(pkt.NetworkHeader[protocolNumberOffset]), true, true
+	return tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(netHeader[protocolNumberOffset]), true, true
 }
 
 func (f *fwdTestNetworkProtocol) NewEndpoint(nicID tcpip.NICID, addrWithPrefix tcpip.AddressWithPrefix, linkAddrCache LinkAddressCache, dispatcher TransportDispatcher, ep LinkEndpoint, _ *Stack) (NetworkEndpoint, *tcpip.Error) {
@@ -290,7 +288,7 @@ func (e *fwdTestLinkEndpoint) WritePackets(r *Route, gso *GSO, pkts PacketBuffer
 // WriteRawPacket implements stack.LinkEndpoint.WriteRawPacket.
 func (e *fwdTestLinkEndpoint) WriteRawPacket(vv buffer.VectorisedView) *tcpip.Error {
 	p := fwdTestPacketInfo{
-		Pkt: &PacketBuffer{Data: vv},
+		Pkt: NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{Data: vv}),
 	}
 
 	select {
@@ -382,9 +380,9 @@ func TestForwardingWithStaticResolver(t *testing.T) {
 	// forwarded to NIC 2.
 	buf := buffer.NewView(30)
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 3
-	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	var p fwdTestPacketInfo
 
@@ -419,9 +417,9 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolver(t *testing.T) {
 	// forwarded to NIC 2.
 	buf := buffer.NewView(30)
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 3
-	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	var p fwdTestPacketInfo
 
@@ -450,9 +448,9 @@ func TestForwardingWithNoResolver(t *testing.T) {
 	// forwarded to NIC 2.
 	buf := buffer.NewView(30)
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 3
-	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	select {
 	case <-ep2.C:
@@ -480,17 +478,17 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverPartialTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	// not be forwarded.
 	buf := buffer.NewView(30)
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 4
-	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	// Inject an inbound packet to address 3 on NIC 1, and see if it is
 	// forwarded to NIC 2.
 	buf = buffer.NewView(30)
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 3
-	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+	ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	var p fwdTestPacketInfo
 
@@ -500,8 +498,8 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverPartialTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("packet not forwarded")
 	}
 
-	if p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("got p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] = %d, want = 3", p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset])
+	if nh := PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader()); nh[dstAddrOffset] != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("got p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] = %d, want = 3", nh[dstAddrOffset])
 	}
 
 	// Test that the address resolution happened correctly.
@@ -529,9 +527,9 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverTwoPackets(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
 		buf := buffer.NewView(30)
 		buf[dstAddrOffset] = 3
-		ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+		ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
@@ -543,8 +541,8 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverTwoPackets(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal("packet not forwarded")
 		}
 
-		if p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] != 3 {
-			t.Fatalf("got p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] = %d, want = 3", p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset])
+		if nh := PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader()); nh[dstAddrOffset] != 3 {
+			t.Fatalf("got p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] = %d, want = 3", nh[dstAddrOffset])
 		}
 
 		// Test that the address resolution happened correctly.
@@ -575,9 +573,9 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverManyPackets(t *testing.T) {
 		buf[dstAddrOffset] = 3
 		// Set the packet sequence number.
 		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[fwdTestNetHeaderLen:], uint16(i))
-		ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+		ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < maxPendingPacketsPerResolution; i++ {
@@ -589,13 +587,14 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverManyPackets(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal("packet not forwarded")
 		}
 
-		if b := p.Pkt.Header.View(); b[dstAddrOffset] != 3 {
+		b := PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader())
+		if b[dstAddrOffset] != 3 {
 			t.Fatalf("got b[dstAddrOffset] = %d, want = 3", b[dstAddrOffset])
 		}
-		seqNumBuf, ok := p.Pkt.Data.PullUp(2) // The sequence number is a uint16 (2 bytes).
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("p.Pkt.Data is too short to hold a sequence number: %d", p.Pkt.Data.Size())
+		if len(b) < fwdTestNetHeaderLen+2 {
+			t.Fatalf("packet is too short to hold a sequence number: len(b) = %d", b)
 		}
+		seqNumBuf := b[fwdTestNetHeaderLen:]
 
 		// The first 5 packets should not be forwarded so the sequence number should
 		// start with 5.
@@ -632,9 +631,9 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverManyResolutions(t *testing.T) {
 		// maxPendingResolutions + 7).
 		buf := buffer.NewView(30)
 		buf[dstAddrOffset] = byte(3 + i)
-		ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, &PacketBuffer{
+		ep1.InjectInbound(fwdTestNetNumber, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < maxPendingResolutions; i++ {
@@ -648,8 +647,8 @@ func TestForwardingWithFakeResolverManyResolutions(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// The first 5 packets (address 3 to 7) should not be forwarded
 		// because their address resolutions are interrupted.
-		if p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] < 8 {
-			t.Fatalf("got p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] = %d, want p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] >= 8", p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset])
+		if nh := PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader()); nh[dstAddrOffset] < 8 {
+			t.Fatalf("got p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] = %d, want p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] >= 8", nh[dstAddrOffset])
 		}
 
 		// Test that the address resolution happened correctly.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/headertype_string.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/headertype_string.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5efddfaaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/headertype_string.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at //
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by "stringer -type headerType ."; DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package stack
+
+import "strconv"
+
+func _() {
+	// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
+	// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
+	var x [1]struct{}
+	_ = x[linkHeader-0]
+	_ = x[networkHeader-1]
+	_ = x[transportHeader-2]
+	_ = x[numHeaderType-3]
+}
+
+const _headerType_name = "linkHeadernetworkHeadertransportHeadernumHeaderType"
+
+var _headerType_index = [...]uint8{0, 10, 23, 38, 51}
+
+func (i headerType) String() string {
+	if i < 0 || i >= headerType(len(_headerType_index)-1) {
+		return "headerType(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
+	}
+	return _headerType_name[_headerType_index[i]:_headerType_index[i+1]]
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables.go
index 110ba073d..c37da814f 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables.go
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ func (it *IPTables) checkRule(hook Hook, pkt *PacketBuffer, table Table, ruleIdx
 	rule := table.Rules[ruleIdx]
 
 	// Check whether the packet matches the IP header filter.
-	if !rule.Filter.match(header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader), hook, nicName) {
+	if !rule.Filter.match(header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View()), hook, nicName) {
 		// Continue on to the next rule.
 		return RuleJump, ruleIdx + 1
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables_targets.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables_targets.go
index dc88033c7..5f1b2af64 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables_targets.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/iptables_targets.go
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (rt RedirectTarget) Action(pkt *PacketBuffer, ct *ConnTrack, hook Hook, gso
 	}
 
 	// Drop the packet if network and transport header are not set.
-	if pkt.NetworkHeader == nil || pkt.TransportHeader == nil {
+	if pkt.NetworkHeader().View().IsEmpty() || pkt.TransportHeader().View().IsEmpty() {
 		return RuleDrop, 0
 	}
 
@@ -118,17 +118,16 @@ func (rt RedirectTarget) Action(pkt *PacketBuffer, ct *ConnTrack, hook Hook, gso
 
 	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): Check Flags in RedirectTarget if
 	// we need to change dest address (for OUTPUT chain) or ports.
-	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+	netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 	switch protocol := netHeader.TransportProtocol(); protocol {
 	case header.UDPProtocolNumber:
-		udpHeader := header.UDP(pkt.TransportHeader)
+		udpHeader := header.UDP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 		udpHeader.SetDestinationPort(rt.MinPort)
 
 		// Calculate UDP checksum and set it.
 		if hook == Output {
 			udpHeader.SetChecksum(0)
-			hdr := &pkt.Header
-			length := uint16(pkt.Data.Size()+hdr.UsedLength()) - uint16(netHeader.HeaderLength())
+			length := uint16(pkt.Size()) - uint16(netHeader.HeaderLength())
 
 			// Only calculate the checksum if offloading isn't supported.
 			if r.Capabilities()&CapabilityTXChecksumOffload == 0 {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp.go
index 5174e639c..93567806b 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp.go
@@ -746,12 +746,16 @@ func (ndp *ndpState) sendDADPacket(addr tcpip.Address, ref *referencedNetworkEnd
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("ndp: route resolution not immediate for route to send NDP NS for DAD (%s -> %s on NIC(%d))", header.IPv6Any, snmc, ndp.nic.ID()))
 	}
 
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv6NeighborSolicitMinimumSize)
-	pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv6NeighborSolicitMinimumSize))
-	pkt.SetType(header.ICMPv6NeighborSolicit)
-	ns := header.NDPNeighborSolicit(pkt.NDPPayload())
+	icmpData := header.ICMPv6(buffer.NewView(header.ICMPv6NeighborSolicitMinimumSize))
+	icmpData.SetType(header.ICMPv6NeighborSolicit)
+	ns := header.NDPNeighborSolicit(icmpData.NDPPayload())
 	ns.SetTargetAddress(addr)
-	pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
+	icmpData.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmpData, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
+
+	pkt := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(r.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               buffer.View(icmpData).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
 
 	sent := r.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsSent
 	if err := r.WritePacket(nil,
@@ -759,7 +763,7 @@ func (ndp *ndpState) sendDADPacket(addr tcpip.Address, ref *referencedNetworkEnd
 			Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber,
 			TTL:      header.NDPHopLimit,
 			TOS:      DefaultTOS,
-		}, &PacketBuffer{Header: hdr},
+		}, pkt,
 	); err != nil {
 		sent.Dropped.Increment()
 		return err
@@ -1897,12 +1901,16 @@ func (ndp *ndpState) startSolicitingRouters() {
 			}
 		}
 		payloadSize := header.ICMPv6HeaderSize + header.NDPRSMinimumSize + int(optsSerializer.Length())
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + payloadSize)
-		pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(payloadSize))
-		pkt.SetType(header.ICMPv6RouterSolicit)
-		rs := header.NDPRouterSolicit(pkt.NDPPayload())
+		icmpData := header.ICMPv6(buffer.NewView(payloadSize))
+		icmpData.SetType(header.ICMPv6RouterSolicit)
+		rs := header.NDPRouterSolicit(icmpData.NDPPayload())
 		rs.Options().Serialize(optsSerializer)
-		pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
+		icmpData.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmpData, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
+
+		pkt := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(r.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buffer.View(icmpData).ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
 
 		sent := r.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsSent
 		if err := r.WritePacket(nil,
@@ -1910,7 +1918,7 @@ func (ndp *ndpState) startSolicitingRouters() {
 				Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber,
 				TTL:      header.NDPHopLimit,
 				TOS:      DefaultTOS,
-			}, &PacketBuffer{Header: hdr},
+			}, pkt,
 		); err != nil {
 			sent.Dropped.Increment()
 			log.Printf("startSolicitingRouters: error writing NDP router solicit message on NIC(%d); err = %s", ndp.nic.ID(), err)
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp_test.go
index 5d286ccbc..21bf53010 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/ndp_test.go
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ func TestDADResolve(t *testing.T) {
 				// As per RFC 4861 section 4.3, a possible option is the Source Link
 				// Layer option, but this option MUST NOT be included when the source
 				// address of the packet is the unspecified address.
-				checker.IPv6(t, p.Pkt.Header.View(),
+				checker.IPv6(t, stack.PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader()),
 					checker.SrcAddr(header.IPv6Any),
 					checker.DstAddr(snmc),
 					checker.TTL(header.NDPHopLimit),
@@ -550,8 +550,8 @@ func TestDADResolve(t *testing.T) {
 						checker.NDPNSOptions(nil),
 					))
 
-				if l, want := p.Pkt.Header.AvailableLength(), int(test.linkHeaderLen); l != want {
-					t.Errorf("got p.Pkt.Header.AvailableLength() = %d; want = %d", l, want)
+				if l, want := p.Pkt.AvailableHeaderBytes(), int(test.linkHeaderLen); l != want {
+					t.Errorf("got p.Pkt.AvailableHeaderBytes() = %d; want = %d", l, want)
 				}
 			}
 		})
@@ -667,9 +667,10 @@ func TestDADFail(t *testing.T) {
 			// Receive a packet to simulate multiple nodes owning or
 			// attempting to own the same address.
 			hdr := test.makeBuf(addr1)
-			e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
 			})
+			e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 
 			stat := test.getStat(s.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsReceived)
 			if got := stat.Value(); got != 1 {
@@ -1024,7 +1025,9 @@ func raBufWithOptsAndDHCPv6(ip tcpip.Address, rl uint16, managedAddress, otherCo
 		DstAddr:       header.IPv6AllNodesMulticastAddress,
 	})
 
-	return &stack.PacketBuffer{Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView()}
+	return stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
 }
 
 // raBufWithOpts returns a valid NDP Router Advertisement with options.
@@ -5134,16 +5137,15 @@ func TestRouterSolicitation(t *testing.T) {
 						t.Errorf("got remote link address = %s, want = %s", p.Route.RemoteLinkAddress, want)
 					}
 
-					checker.IPv6(t,
-						p.Pkt.Header.View(),
+					checker.IPv6(t, stack.PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader()),
 						checker.SrcAddr(test.expectedSrcAddr),
 						checker.DstAddr(header.IPv6AllRoutersMulticastAddress),
 						checker.TTL(header.NDPHopLimit),
 						checker.NDPRS(checker.NDPRSOptions(test.expectedNDPOpts)),
 					)
 
-					if l, want := p.Pkt.Header.AvailableLength(), int(test.linkHeaderLen); l != want {
-						t.Errorf("got p.Pkt.Header.AvailableLength() = %d; want = %d", l, want)
+					if l, want := p.Pkt.AvailableHeaderBytes(), int(test.linkHeaderLen); l != want {
+						t.Errorf("got p.Pkt.AvailableHeaderBytes() = %d; want = %d", l, want)
 					}
 				}
 				waitForNothing := func(timeout time.Duration) {
@@ -5288,7 +5290,7 @@ func TestStopStartSolicitingRouters(t *testing.T) {
 				if p.Proto != header.IPv6ProtocolNumber {
 					t.Fatalf("got Proto = %d, want = %d", p.Proto, header.IPv6ProtocolNumber)
 				}
-				checker.IPv6(t, p.Pkt.Header.View(),
+				checker.IPv6(t, stack.PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader()),
 					checker.SrcAddr(header.IPv6Any),
 					checker.DstAddr(header.IPv6AllRoutersMulticastAddress),
 					checker.TTL(header.NDPHopLimit),
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic.go
index eaaf756cd..2315ea5b9 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic.go
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ func (n *NIC) DeliverNetworkPacket(remote, local tcpip.LinkAddress, protocol tcp
 		}
 	}
 
-	src, dst := netProto.ParseAddresses(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+	src, dst := netProto.ParseAddresses(pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 
 	if n.stack.handleLocal && !n.isLoopback() && n.getRef(protocol, src) != nil {
 		// The source address is one of our own, so we never should have gotten a
@@ -1401,24 +1401,19 @@ func (n *NIC) DeliverOutboundPacket(remote, local tcpip.LinkAddress, protocol tc
 
 func (n *NIC) forwardPacket(r *Route, protocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, pkt *PacketBuffer) {
 	// TODO(b/143425874) Decrease the TTL field in forwarded packets.
-	// TODO(b/151227689): Avoid copying the packet when forwarding. We can do this
-	// by having lower layers explicity write each header instead of just
-	// pkt.Header.
 
-	// pkt may have set its NetworkHeader and TransportHeader. If we're
-	// forwarding, we'll have to copy them into pkt.Header.
-	pkt.Header = buffer.NewPrependable(int(n.linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()) + len(pkt.NetworkHeader) + len(pkt.TransportHeader))
-	if n := copy(pkt.Header.Prepend(len(pkt.TransportHeader)), pkt.TransportHeader); n != len(pkt.TransportHeader) {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("copied %d bytes, expected %d", n, len(pkt.TransportHeader)))
-	}
-	if n := copy(pkt.Header.Prepend(len(pkt.NetworkHeader)), pkt.NetworkHeader); n != len(pkt.NetworkHeader) {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("copied %d bytes, expected %d", n, len(pkt.NetworkHeader)))
-	}
+	// pkt may have set its header and may not have enough headroom for link-layer
+	// header for the other link to prepend. Here we create a new packet to
+	// forward.
+	fwdPkt := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(n.linkEP.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               buffer.NewVectorisedView(pkt.Size(), pkt.Views()),
+	})
 
-	// WritePacket takes ownership of pkt, calculate numBytes first.
-	numBytes := pkt.Header.UsedLength() + pkt.Data.Size()
+	// WritePacket takes ownership of fwdPkt, calculate numBytes first.
+	numBytes := fwdPkt.Size()
 
-	if err := n.linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, protocol, pkt); err != nil {
+	if err := n.linkEP.WritePacket(r, nil /* gso */, protocol, fwdPkt); err != nil {
 		r.Stats().IP.OutgoingPacketErrors.Increment()
 		return
 	}
@@ -1443,34 +1438,31 @@ func (n *NIC) DeliverTransportPacket(r *Route, protocol tcpip.TransportProtocolN
 	// validly formed.
 	n.stack.demux.deliverRawPacket(r, protocol, pkt)
 
-	// TransportHeader is nil only when pkt is an ICMP packet or was reassembled
+	// TransportHeader is empty only when pkt is an ICMP packet or was reassembled
 	// from fragments.
-	if pkt.TransportHeader == nil {
+	if pkt.TransportHeader().View().IsEmpty() {
 		// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): ICMP packets don't have their TransportHeader
 		// fields set yet, parse it here. See icmp/protocol.go:protocol.Parse for a
 		// full explanation.
 		if protocol == header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber || protocol == header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber {
 			// ICMP packets may be longer, but until icmp.Parse is implemented, here
 			// we parse it using the minimum size.
-			transHeader, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(transProto.MinimumPacketSize())
-			if !ok {
+			if _, ok := pkt.TransportHeader().Consume(transProto.MinimumPacketSize()); !ok {
 				n.stack.stats.MalformedRcvdPackets.Increment()
 				return
 			}
-			pkt.TransportHeader = transHeader
-			pkt.Data.TrimFront(len(pkt.TransportHeader))
 		} else {
 			// This is either a bad packet or was re-assembled from fragments.
 			transProto.Parse(pkt)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if len(pkt.TransportHeader) < transProto.MinimumPacketSize() {
+	if pkt.TransportHeader().View().Size() < transProto.MinimumPacketSize() {
 		n.stack.stats.MalformedRcvdPackets.Increment()
 		return
 	}
 
-	srcPort, dstPort, err := transProto.ParsePorts(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	srcPort, dstPort, err := transProto.ParsePorts(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 	if err != nil {
 		n.stack.stats.MalformedRcvdPackets.Increment()
 		return
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic_test.go
index a70792b50..0870c8d9c 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/nic_test.go
@@ -311,7 +311,9 @@ func TestDisabledRxStatsWhenNICDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 		t.FailNow()
 	}
 
-	nic.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, &PacketBuffer{Data: buffer.View([]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}).ToVectorisedView()})
+	nic.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", 0, NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: buffer.View([]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}).ToVectorisedView(),
+	}))
 
 	if got := nic.stats.DisabledRx.Packets.Value(); got != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("got DisabledRx.Packets = %d, want = 1", got)
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/packet_buffer.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/packet_buffer.go
index 9e871f968..17b8beebb 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/packet_buffer.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/packet_buffer.go
@@ -14,16 +14,43 @@
 package stack
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
 )
 
+type headerType int
+
+const (
+	linkHeader headerType = iota
+	networkHeader
+	transportHeader
+	numHeaderType
+)
+
+// PacketBufferOptions specifies options for PacketBuffer creation.
+type PacketBufferOptions struct {
+	// ReserveHeaderBytes is the number of bytes to reserve for headers. Total
+	// number of bytes pushed onto the headers must not exceed this value.
+	ReserveHeaderBytes int
+
+	// Data is the initial unparsed data for the new packet. If set, it will be
+	// owned by the new packet.
+	Data buffer.VectorisedView
+}
+
 // A PacketBuffer contains all the data of a network packet.
 //
 // As a PacketBuffer traverses up the stack, it may be necessary to pass it to
-// multiple endpoints. Clone() should be called in such cases so that
-// modifications to the Data field do not affect other copies.
+// multiple endpoints.
+//
+// The whole packet is expected to be a series of bytes in the following order:
+// LinkHeader, NetworkHeader, TransportHeader, and Data. Any of them can be
+// empty. Use of PacketBuffer in any other order is unsupported.
+//
+// PacketBuffer must be created with NewPacketBuffer.
 type PacketBuffer struct {
 	_ sync.NoCopy
 
@@ -31,36 +58,27 @@ type PacketBuffer struct {
 	// PacketBuffers.
 	PacketBufferEntry
 
-	// Data holds the payload of the packet. For inbound packets, it also
-	// holds the headers, which are consumed as the packet moves up the
-	// stack. Headers are guaranteed not to be split across views.
+	// Data holds the payload of the packet.
+	//
+	// For inbound packets, Data is initially the whole packet. Then gets moved to
+	// headers via PacketHeader.Consume, when the packet is being parsed.
 	//
-	// The bytes backing Data are immutable, but Data itself may be trimmed
-	// or otherwise modified.
+	// For outbound packets, Data is the innermost layer, defined by the protocol.
+	// Headers are pushed in front of it via PacketHeader.Push.
+	//
+	// The bytes backing Data are immutable, a.k.a. users shouldn't write to its
+	// backing storage.
 	Data buffer.VectorisedView
 
-	// Header holds the headers of outbound packets. As a packet is passed
-	// down the stack, each layer adds to Header. Note that forwarded
-	// packets don't populate Headers on their way out -- their headers and
-	// payload are never parsed out and remain in Data.
-	//
-	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): Forwarded packets don't currently
-	// populate Header, but should. This will be doable once early parsing
-	// (https://github.com/google/gvisor/pull/1995) is supported.
-	Header buffer.Prependable
+	// headers stores metadata about each header.
+	headers [numHeaderType]headerInfo
 
-	// These fields are used by both inbound and outbound packets. They
-	// typically overlap with the Data and Header fields.
+	// header is the internal storage for outbound packets. Headers will be pushed
+	// (prepended) on this storage as the packet is being constructed.
 	//
-	// The bytes backing these views are immutable. Each field may be nil
-	// if either it has not been set yet or no such header exists (e.g.
-	// packets sent via loopback may not have a link header).
-	//
-	// These fields may be Views into other slices (either Data or Header).
-	// SR dosen't support this, so deep copies are necessary in some cases.
-	LinkHeader      buffer.View
-	NetworkHeader   buffer.View
-	TransportHeader buffer.View
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/2404): Switch to an implementation that header and
+	// data are held in the same underlying buffer storage.
+	header buffer.Prependable
 
 	// NetworkProtocol is only valid when NetworkHeader is set.
 	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/3574): Remove the separately passed protocol
@@ -89,20 +107,137 @@ type PacketBuffer struct {
 	PktType tcpip.PacketType
 }
 
-// Clone makes a copy of pk. It clones the Data field, which creates a new
-// VectorisedView but does not deep copy the underlying bytes.
-//
-// Clone also does not deep copy any of its other fields.
+// NewPacketBuffer creates a new PacketBuffer with opts.
+func NewPacketBuffer(opts PacketBufferOptions) *PacketBuffer {
+	pk := &PacketBuffer{
+		Data: opts.Data,
+	}
+	if opts.ReserveHeaderBytes != 0 {
+		pk.header = buffer.NewPrependable(opts.ReserveHeaderBytes)
+	}
+	return pk
+}
+
+// ReservedHeaderBytes returns the number of bytes initially reserved for
+// headers.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) ReservedHeaderBytes() int {
+	return pk.header.UsedLength() + pk.header.AvailableLength()
+}
+
+// AvailableHeaderBytes returns the number of bytes currently available for
+// headers. This is relevant to PacketHeader.Push method only.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) AvailableHeaderBytes() int {
+	return pk.header.AvailableLength()
+}
+
+// LinkHeader returns the handle to link-layer header.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) LinkHeader() PacketHeader {
+	return PacketHeader{
+		pk:  pk,
+		typ: linkHeader,
+	}
+}
+
+// NetworkHeader returns the handle to network-layer header.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) NetworkHeader() PacketHeader {
+	return PacketHeader{
+		pk:  pk,
+		typ: networkHeader,
+	}
+}
+
+// TransportHeader returns the handle to transport-layer header.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) TransportHeader() PacketHeader {
+	return PacketHeader{
+		pk:  pk,
+		typ: transportHeader,
+	}
+}
+
+// HeaderSize returns the total size of all headers in bytes.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) HeaderSize() int {
+	// Note for inbound packets (Consume called), headers are not stored in
+	// pk.header. Thus, calculation of size of each header is needed.
+	var size int
+	for i := range pk.headers {
+		size += len(pk.headers[i].buf)
+	}
+	return size
+}
+
+// Size returns the size of packet in bytes.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) Size() int {
+	return pk.HeaderSize() + pk.Data.Size()
+}
+
+// Views returns the underlying storage of the whole packet.
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) Views() []buffer.View {
+	// Optimization for outbound packets that headers are in pk.header.
+	useHeader := true
+	for i := range pk.headers {
+		if !canUseHeader(&pk.headers[i]) {
+			useHeader = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	dataViews := pk.Data.Views()
+
+	var vs []buffer.View
+	if useHeader {
+		vs = make([]buffer.View, 0, 1+len(dataViews))
+		vs = append(vs, pk.header.View())
+	} else {
+		vs = make([]buffer.View, 0, len(pk.headers)+len(dataViews))
+		for i := range pk.headers {
+			if v := pk.headers[i].buf; len(v) > 0 {
+				vs = append(vs, v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return append(vs, dataViews...)
+}
+
+func canUseHeader(h *headerInfo) bool {
+	// h.offset will be negative if the header was pushed in to prependable
+	// portion, or doesn't matter when it's empty.
+	return len(h.buf) == 0 || h.offset < 0
+}
+
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) push(typ headerType, size int) buffer.View {
+	h := &pk.headers[typ]
+	if h.buf != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("push must not be called twice: type %s", typ))
+	}
+	h.buf = buffer.View(pk.header.Prepend(size))
+	h.offset = -pk.header.UsedLength()
+	return h.buf
+}
+
+func (pk *PacketBuffer) consume(typ headerType, size int) (v buffer.View, consumed bool) {
+	h := &pk.headers[typ]
+	if h.buf != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("consume must not be called twice: type %s", typ))
+	}
+	v, ok := pk.Data.PullUp(size)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	pk.Data.TrimFront(size)
+	h.buf = v
+	return h.buf, true
+}
+
+// Clone makes a shallow copy of pk.
 //
-// FIXME(b/153685824): Data gets copied but not other header references.
+// Clone should be called in such cases so that no modifications is done to
+// underlying packet payload.
 func (pk *PacketBuffer) Clone() *PacketBuffer {
-	return &PacketBuffer{
+	newPk := &PacketBuffer{
 		PacketBufferEntry:     pk.PacketBufferEntry,
 		Data:                  pk.Data.Clone(nil),
-		Header:                pk.Header,
-		LinkHeader:            pk.LinkHeader,
-		NetworkHeader:         pk.NetworkHeader,
-		TransportHeader:       pk.TransportHeader,
+		headers:               pk.headers,
+		header:                pk.header,
 		Hash:                  pk.Hash,
 		Owner:                 pk.Owner,
 		EgressRoute:           pk.EgressRoute,
@@ -110,4 +245,55 @@ func (pk *PacketBuffer) Clone() *PacketBuffer {
 		NetworkProtocolNumber: pk.NetworkProtocolNumber,
 		NatDone:               pk.NatDone,
 	}
+	return newPk
+}
+
+// headerInfo stores metadata about a header in a packet.
+type headerInfo struct {
+	// buf is the memorized slice for both prepended and consumed header.
+	// When header is prepended, buf serves as memorized value, which is a slice
+	// of pk.header. When header is consumed, buf is the slice pulled out from
+	// pk.Data, which is the only place to hold this header.
+	buf buffer.View
+
+	// offset will be a negative number denoting the offset where this header is
+	// from the end of pk.header, if it is prepended. Otherwise, zero.
+	offset int
+}
+
+// PacketHeader is a handle object to a header in the underlying packet.
+type PacketHeader struct {
+	pk  *PacketBuffer
+	typ headerType
+}
+
+// View returns the underlying storage of h.
+func (h PacketHeader) View() buffer.View {
+	return h.pk.headers[h.typ].buf
+}
+
+// Push pushes size bytes in the front of its residing packet, and returns the
+// backing storage. Callers may only call one of Push or Consume once on each
+// header in the lifetime of the underlying packet.
+func (h PacketHeader) Push(size int) buffer.View {
+	return h.pk.push(h.typ, size)
+}
+
+// Consume moves the first size bytes of the unparsed data portion in the packet
+// to h, and returns the backing storage. In the case of data is shorter than
+// size, consumed will be false, and the state of h will not be affected.
+// Callers may only call one of Push or Consume once on each header in the
+// lifetime of the underlying packet.
+func (h PacketHeader) Consume(size int) (v buffer.View, consumed bool) {
+	return h.pk.consume(h.typ, size)
+}
+
+// PayloadSince returns packet payload starting from and including a particular
+// header. This method isn't optimized and should be used in test only.
+func PayloadSince(h PacketHeader) buffer.View {
+	var v buffer.View
+	for _, hinfo := range h.pk.headers[h.typ:] {
+		v = append(v, hinfo.buf...)
+	}
+	return append(v, h.pk.Data.ToView()...)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/packet_buffer_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/packet_buffer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6fa8da5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/packet_buffer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at //
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package stack
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
+)
+
+func TestPacketHeaderPush(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name      string
+		reserved  int
+		link      []byte
+		network   []byte
+		transport []byte
+		data      []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "construct empty packet",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "construct link header only packet",
+			reserved: 60,
+			link:     makeView(10),
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "construct link and network header only packet",
+			reserved: 60,
+			link:     makeView(10),
+			network:  makeView(20),
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "construct header only packet",
+			reserved:  60,
+			link:      makeView(10),
+			network:   makeView(20),
+			transport: makeView(30),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "construct data only packet",
+			data: makeView(40),
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "construct L3 packet",
+			reserved:  60,
+			network:   makeView(20),
+			transport: makeView(30),
+			data:      makeView(40),
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "construct L2 packet",
+			reserved:  60,
+			link:      makeView(10),
+			network:   makeView(20),
+			transport: makeView(30),
+			data:      makeView(40),
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			pk := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+				ReserveHeaderBytes: test.reserved,
+				// Make a copy of data to make sure our truth data won't be taint by
+				// PacketBuffer.
+				Data: buffer.NewViewFromBytes(test.data).ToVectorisedView(),
+			})
+
+			allHdrSize := len(test.link) + len(test.network) + len(test.transport)
+
+			// Check the initial values for packet.
+			checkInitialPacketBuffer(t, pk, PacketBufferOptions{
+				ReserveHeaderBytes: test.reserved,
+				Data:               buffer.View(test.data).ToVectorisedView(),
+			})
+
+			// Push headers.
+			if v := test.transport; len(v) > 0 {
+				copy(pk.TransportHeader().Push(len(v)), v)
+			}
+			if v := test.network; len(v) > 0 {
+				copy(pk.NetworkHeader().Push(len(v)), v)
+			}
+			if v := test.link; len(v) > 0 {
+				copy(pk.LinkHeader().Push(len(v)), v)
+			}
+
+			// Check the after values for packet.
+			if got, want := pk.ReservedHeaderBytes(), test.reserved; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.ReservedHeaderBytes() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := pk.AvailableHeaderBytes(), test.reserved-allHdrSize; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.AvailableHeaderBytes() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := pk.HeaderSize(), allHdrSize; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.HeaderSize() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := pk.Size(), allHdrSize+len(test.data); got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.Size() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After pk.Data.Views()", concatViews(pk.Data.Views()...), test.data)
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After pk.Views()", concatViews(pk.Views()...),
+				concatViews(test.link, test.network, test.transport, test.data))
+			// Check the after values for each header.
+			checkPacketHeader(t, "After pk.LinkHeader", pk.LinkHeader(), test.link)
+			checkPacketHeader(t, "After pk.NetworkHeader", pk.NetworkHeader(), test.network)
+			checkPacketHeader(t, "After pk.TransportHeader", pk.TransportHeader(), test.transport)
+			// Check the after values for PayloadSince.
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After PayloadSince(LinkHeader)",
+				PayloadSince(pk.LinkHeader()),
+				concatViews(test.link, test.network, test.transport, test.data))
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After PayloadSince(NetworkHeader)",
+				PayloadSince(pk.NetworkHeader()),
+				concatViews(test.network, test.transport, test.data))
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After PayloadSince(TransportHeader)",
+				PayloadSince(pk.TransportHeader()),
+				concatViews(test.transport, test.data))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPacketHeaderConsume(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name      string
+		data      []byte
+		link      int
+		network   int
+		transport int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "parse L2 packet",
+			data:      concatViews(makeView(10), makeView(20), makeView(30), makeView(40)),
+			link:      10,
+			network:   20,
+			transport: 30,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "parse L3 packet",
+			data:      concatViews(makeView(20), makeView(30), makeView(40)),
+			network:   20,
+			transport: 30,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			pk := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+				// Make a copy of data to make sure our truth data won't be taint by
+				// PacketBuffer.
+				Data: buffer.NewViewFromBytes(test.data).ToVectorisedView(),
+			})
+
+			// Check the initial values for packet.
+			checkInitialPacketBuffer(t, pk, PacketBufferOptions{
+				Data: buffer.View(test.data).ToVectorisedView(),
+			})
+
+			// Consume headers.
+			if size := test.link; size > 0 {
+				if _, ok := pk.LinkHeader().Consume(size); !ok {
+					t.Fatalf("pk.LinkHeader().Consume() = false, want true")
+				}
+			}
+			if size := test.network; size > 0 {
+				if _, ok := pk.NetworkHeader().Consume(size); !ok {
+					t.Fatalf("pk.NetworkHeader().Consume() = false, want true")
+				}
+			}
+			if size := test.transport; size > 0 {
+				if _, ok := pk.TransportHeader().Consume(size); !ok {
+					t.Fatalf("pk.TransportHeader().Consume() = false, want true")
+				}
+			}
+
+			allHdrSize := test.link + test.network + test.transport
+
+			// Check the after values for packet.
+			if got, want := pk.ReservedHeaderBytes(), 0; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.ReservedHeaderBytes() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := pk.AvailableHeaderBytes(), 0; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.AvailableHeaderBytes() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := pk.HeaderSize(), allHdrSize; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.HeaderSize() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := pk.Size(), len(test.data); got != want {
+				t.Errorf("After pk.Size() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+			}
+			// After state of pk.
+			var (
+				link      = test.data[:test.link]
+				network   = test.data[test.link:][:test.network]
+				transport = test.data[test.link+test.network:][:test.transport]
+				payload   = test.data[allHdrSize:]
+			)
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After pk.Data.Views()", concatViews(pk.Data.Views()...), payload)
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After pk.Views()", concatViews(pk.Views()...), test.data)
+			// Check the after values for each header.
+			checkPacketHeader(t, "After pk.LinkHeader", pk.LinkHeader(), link)
+			checkPacketHeader(t, "After pk.NetworkHeader", pk.NetworkHeader(), network)
+			checkPacketHeader(t, "After pk.TransportHeader", pk.TransportHeader(), transport)
+			// Check the after values for PayloadSince.
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After PayloadSince(LinkHeader)",
+				PayloadSince(pk.LinkHeader()),
+				concatViews(link, network, transport, payload))
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After PayloadSince(NetworkHeader)",
+				PayloadSince(pk.NetworkHeader()),
+				concatViews(network, transport, payload))
+			checkViewEqual(t, "After PayloadSince(TransportHeader)",
+				PayloadSince(pk.TransportHeader()),
+				concatViews(transport, payload))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPacketHeaderConsumeDataTooShort(t *testing.T) {
+	data := makeView(10)
+
+	pk := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		// Make a copy of data to make sure our truth data won't be taint by
+		// PacketBuffer.
+		Data: buffer.NewViewFromBytes(data).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+
+	// Consume should fail if pkt.Data is too short.
+	if _, ok := pk.LinkHeader().Consume(11); ok {
+		t.Fatalf("pk.LinkHeader().Consume() = _, true; want _, false")
+	}
+	if _, ok := pk.NetworkHeader().Consume(11); ok {
+		t.Fatalf("pk.NetworkHeader().Consume() = _, true; want _, false")
+	}
+	if _, ok := pk.TransportHeader().Consume(11); ok {
+		t.Fatalf("pk.TransportHeader().Consume() = _, true; want _, false")
+	}
+
+	// Check packet should look the same as initial packet.
+	checkInitialPacketBuffer(t, pk, PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: buffer.View(data).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPacketHeaderPushCalledAtMostOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerSize = 10
+
+	pk := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: headerSize * int(numHeaderType),
+	})
+
+	for _, h := range []PacketHeader{
+		pk.TransportHeader(),
+		pk.NetworkHeader(),
+		pk.LinkHeader(),
+	} {
+		t.Run("PushedTwice/"+h.typ.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			h.Push(headerSize)
+
+			defer func() { recover() }()
+			h.Push(headerSize)
+			t.Fatal("Second push should have panicked")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPacketHeaderConsumeCalledAtMostOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerSize = 10
+
+	pk := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: makeView(headerSize * int(numHeaderType)).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+
+	for _, h := range []PacketHeader{
+		pk.LinkHeader(),
+		pk.NetworkHeader(),
+		pk.TransportHeader(),
+	} {
+		t.Run("ConsumedTwice/"+h.typ.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			if _, ok := h.Consume(headerSize); !ok {
+				t.Fatal("First consume should succeed")
+			}
+
+			defer func() { recover() }()
+			h.Consume(headerSize)
+			t.Fatal("Second consume should have panicked")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPacketHeaderPushThenConsumePanics(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerSize = 10
+
+	pk := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: headerSize * int(numHeaderType),
+	})
+
+	for _, h := range []PacketHeader{
+		pk.TransportHeader(),
+		pk.NetworkHeader(),
+		pk.LinkHeader(),
+	} {
+		t.Run(h.typ.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			h.Push(headerSize)
+
+			defer func() { recover() }()
+			h.Consume(headerSize)
+			t.Fatal("Consume should have panicked")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPacketHeaderConsumeThenPushPanics(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerSize = 10
+
+	pk := NewPacketBuffer(PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: makeView(headerSize * int(numHeaderType)).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+
+	for _, h := range []PacketHeader{
+		pk.LinkHeader(),
+		pk.NetworkHeader(),
+		pk.TransportHeader(),
+	} {
+		t.Run(h.typ.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			h.Consume(headerSize)
+
+			defer func() { recover() }()
+			h.Push(headerSize)
+			t.Fatal("Push should have panicked")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func checkInitialPacketBuffer(t *testing.T, pk *PacketBuffer, opts PacketBufferOptions) {
+	t.Helper()
+	reserved := opts.ReserveHeaderBytes
+	if got, want := pk.ReservedHeaderBytes(), reserved; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("Initial pk.ReservedHeaderBytes() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := pk.AvailableHeaderBytes(), reserved; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("Initial pk.AvailableHeaderBytes() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := pk.HeaderSize(), 0; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("Initial pk.HeaderSize() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+	}
+	data := opts.Data.ToView()
+	if got, want := pk.Size(), len(data); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("Initial pk.Size() = %d, want %d", got, want)
+	}
+	checkViewEqual(t, "Initial pk.Data.Views()", concatViews(pk.Data.Views()...), data)
+	checkViewEqual(t, "Initial pk.Views()", concatViews(pk.Views()...), data)
+	// Check the initial values for each header.
+	checkPacketHeader(t, "Initial pk.LinkHeader", pk.LinkHeader(), nil)
+	checkPacketHeader(t, "Initial pk.NetworkHeader", pk.NetworkHeader(), nil)
+	checkPacketHeader(t, "Initial pk.TransportHeader", pk.TransportHeader(), nil)
+	// Check the initial valies for PayloadSince.
+	checkViewEqual(t, "Initial PayloadSince(LinkHeader)",
+		PayloadSince(pk.LinkHeader()), data)
+	checkViewEqual(t, "Initial PayloadSince(NetworkHeader)",
+		PayloadSince(pk.NetworkHeader()), data)
+	checkViewEqual(t, "Initial PayloadSince(TransportHeader)",
+		PayloadSince(pk.TransportHeader()), data)
+}
+
+func checkPacketHeader(t *testing.T, name string, h PacketHeader, want []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	checkViewEqual(t, name+".View()", h.View(), want)
+}
+
+func checkViewEqual(t *testing.T, what string, got, want buffer.View) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("%s = %x, want %x", what, got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func makeView(size int) buffer.View {
+	b := byte(size)
+	return bytes.Repeat([]byte{b}, size)
+}
+
+func concatViews(views ...buffer.View) buffer.View {
+	var all buffer.View
+	for _, v := range views {
+		all = append(all, v...)
+	}
+	return all
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/route.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/route.go
index 9ce0a2c22..e267bebb0 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/route.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/route.go
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func (r *Route) WritePacket(gso *GSO, params NetworkHeaderParams, pkt *PacketBuf
 	}
 
 	// WritePacket takes ownership of pkt, calculate numBytes first.
-	numBytes := pkt.Header.UsedLength() + pkt.Data.Size()
+	numBytes := pkt.Size()
 
 	err := r.ref.ep.WritePacket(r, gso, params, pkt)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -203,8 +203,7 @@ func (r *Route) WritePackets(gso *GSO, pkts PacketBufferList, params NetworkHead
 
 	writtenBytes := 0
 	for i, pb := 0, pkts.Front(); i < n && pb != nil; i, pb = i+1, pb.Next() {
-		writtenBytes += pb.Header.UsedLength()
-		writtenBytes += pb.Data.Size()
+		writtenBytes += pb.Size()
 	}
 
 	r.ref.nic.stats.Tx.Bytes.IncrementBy(uint64(writtenBytes))
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/stack_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/stack_test.go
index fe1c1b8a4..0273b3c63 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/stack_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/stack_test.go
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (f *fakeNetworkEndpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuff
 	f.proto.packetCount[int(f.id.LocalAddress[0])%len(f.proto.packetCount)]++
 
 	// Handle control packets.
-	if pkt.NetworkHeader[protocolNumberOffset] == uint8(fakeControlProtocol) {
+	if pkt.NetworkHeader().View()[protocolNumberOffset] == uint8(fakeControlProtocol) {
 		nb, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(fakeNetHeaderLen)
 		if !ok {
 			return
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func (f *fakeNetworkEndpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuff
 	}
 
 	// Dispatch the packet to the transport protocol.
-	f.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(pkt.NetworkHeader[protocolNumberOffset]), pkt)
+	f.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(pkt.NetworkHeader().View()[protocolNumberOffset]), pkt)
 }
 
 func (f *fakeNetworkEndpoint) MaxHeaderLength() uint16 {
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ func (f *fakeNetworkEndpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, params
 
 	// Add the protocol's header to the packet and send it to the link
 	// endpoint.
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = pkt.Header.Prepend(fakeNetHeaderLen)
-	pkt.NetworkHeader[dstAddrOffset] = r.RemoteAddress[0]
-	pkt.NetworkHeader[srcAddrOffset] = f.id.LocalAddress[0]
-	pkt.NetworkHeader[protocolNumberOffset] = byte(params.Protocol)
+	hdr := pkt.NetworkHeader().Push(fakeNetHeaderLen)
+	hdr[dstAddrOffset] = r.RemoteAddress[0]
+	hdr[srcAddrOffset] = f.id.LocalAddress[0]
+	hdr[protocolNumberOffset] = byte(params.Protocol)
 
 	if r.Loop&stack.PacketLoop != 0 {
 		f.HandlePacket(r, pkt)
@@ -249,12 +249,10 @@ func (*fakeNetworkProtocol) Wait() {}
 
 // Parse implements TransportProtocol.Parse.
 func (*fakeNetworkProtocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) (tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, bool, bool) {
-	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(fakeNetHeaderLen)
+	hdr, ok := pkt.NetworkHeader().Consume(fakeNetHeaderLen)
 	if !ok {
 		return 0, false, false
 	}
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = hdr
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(fakeNetHeaderLen)
 	return tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(hdr[protocolNumberOffset]), true, true
 }
 
@@ -315,9 +313,9 @@ func TestNetworkReceive(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Make sure packet with wrong address is not delivered.
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 3
-	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeNet.packetCount[1] != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount[1] = %d, want %d", fakeNet.packetCount[1], 0)
 	}
@@ -327,9 +325,9 @@ func TestNetworkReceive(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Make sure packet is delivered to first endpoint.
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 1
-	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeNet.packetCount[1] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount[1] = %d, want %d", fakeNet.packetCount[1], 1)
 	}
@@ -339,9 +337,9 @@ func TestNetworkReceive(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Make sure packet is delivered to second endpoint.
 	buf[dstAddrOffset] = 2
-	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeNet.packetCount[1] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount[1] = %d, want %d", fakeNet.packetCount[1], 1)
 	}
@@ -350,9 +348,9 @@ func TestNetworkReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Make sure packet is not delivered if protocol number is wrong.
-	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber-1, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber-1, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeNet.packetCount[1] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount[1] = %d, want %d", fakeNet.packetCount[1], 1)
 	}
@@ -362,9 +360,9 @@ func TestNetworkReceive(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Make sure packet that is too small is dropped.
 	buf.CapLength(2)
-	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeNet.packetCount[1] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount[1] = %d, want %d", fakeNet.packetCount[1], 1)
 	}
@@ -383,11 +381,10 @@ func sendTo(s *stack.Stack, addr tcpip.Address, payload buffer.View) *tcpip.Erro
 }
 
 func send(r stack.Route, payload buffer.View) *tcpip.Error {
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(r.MaxHeaderLength()))
-	return r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: fakeTransNumber, TTL: 123, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   payload.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	return r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: fakeTransNumber, TTL: 123, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(r.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               payload.ToVectorisedView(),
+	}))
 }
 
 func testSendTo(t *testing.T, s *stack.Stack, addr tcpip.Address, ep *channel.Endpoint, payload buffer.View) {
@@ -442,9 +439,9 @@ func testFailingRecv(t *testing.T, fakeNet *fakeNetworkProtocol, localAddrByte b
 
 func testRecvInternal(t *testing.T, fakeNet *fakeNetworkProtocol, localAddrByte byte, ep *channel.Endpoint, buf buffer.View, want int) {
 	t.Helper()
-	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if got := fakeNet.PacketCount(localAddrByte); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("receive packet count: got = %d, want %d", got, want)
 	}
@@ -2285,9 +2282,9 @@ func TestNICStats(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Send a packet to address 1.
 	buf := buffer.NewView(30)
-	ep1.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep1.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if got, want := s.NICInfo()[1].Stats.Rx.Packets.Value(), uint64(1); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("got Rx.Packets.Value() = %d, want = %d", got, want)
 	}
@@ -2367,9 +2364,9 @@ func TestNICForwarding(t *testing.T) {
 			// Send a packet to dstAddr.
 			buf := buffer.NewView(30)
 			buf[dstAddrOffset] = dstAddr[0]
-			ep1.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			ep1.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			}))
 
 			pkt, ok := ep2.Read()
 			if !ok {
@@ -2377,8 +2374,8 @@ func TestNICForwarding(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			// Test that the link's MaxHeaderLength is honoured.
-			if capacity, want := pkt.Pkt.Header.AvailableLength(), int(test.headerLen); capacity != want {
-				t.Errorf("got Header.AvailableLength() = %d, want = %d", capacity, want)
+			if capacity, want := pkt.Pkt.AvailableHeaderBytes(), int(test.headerLen); capacity != want {
+				t.Errorf("got LinkHeader.AvailableLength() = %d, want = %d", capacity, want)
 			}
 
 			// Test that forwarding increments Tx stats correctly.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_demuxer_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_demuxer_test.go
index 73dada928..1339edc2d 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_demuxer_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_demuxer_test.go
@@ -128,11 +128,10 @@ func (c *testContext) sendV4Packet(payload []byte, h *headers, linkEpID tcpip.NI
 	u.SetChecksum(^u.CalculateChecksum(xsum))
 
 	// Inject packet.
-	c.linkEps[linkEpID].InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data:            buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		NetworkHeader:   buffer.View(ip),
-		TransportHeader: buffer.View(u),
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
 	})
+	c.linkEps[linkEpID].InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 func (c *testContext) sendV6Packet(payload []byte, h *headers, linkEpID tcpip.NICID) {
@@ -166,11 +165,10 @@ func (c *testContext) sendV6Packet(payload []byte, h *headers, linkEpID tcpip.NI
 	u.SetChecksum(^u.CalculateChecksum(xsum))
 
 	// Inject packet.
-	c.linkEps[linkEpID].InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data:            buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		NetworkHeader:   buffer.View(ip),
-		TransportHeader: buffer.View(u),
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
 	})
+	c.linkEps[linkEpID].InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 func TestTransportDemuxerRegister(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_test.go
index 7e8b84867..6c6e44468 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/stack/transport_test.go
@@ -84,16 +84,16 @@ func (f *fakeTransportEndpoint) Write(p tcpip.Payloader, opts tcpip.WriteOptions
 		return 0, nil, tcpip.ErrNoRoute
 	}
 
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(int(f.route.MaxHeaderLength()) + fakeTransHeaderLen)
-	hdr.Prepend(fakeTransHeaderLen)
 	v, err := p.FullPayload()
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, nil, err
 	}
-	if err := f.route.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: fakeTransNumber, TTL: 123, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: hdr,
-		Data:   buffer.View(v).ToVectorisedView(),
-	}); err != nil {
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(f.route.MaxHeaderLength()) + fakeTransHeaderLen,
+		Data:               buffer.View(v).ToVectorisedView(),
+	})
+	_ = pkt.TransportHeader().Push(fakeTransHeaderLen)
+	if err := f.route.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: fakeTransNumber, TTL: 123, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, pkt); err != nil {
 		return 0, nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -328,13 +328,8 @@ func (*fakeTransportProtocol) Wait() {}
 
 // Parse implements TransportProtocol.Parse.
 func (*fakeTransportProtocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) bool {
-	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(fakeTransHeaderLen)
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	pkt.TransportHeader = hdr
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(fakeTransHeaderLen)
-	return true
+	_, ok := pkt.TransportHeader().Consume(fakeTransHeaderLen)
+	return ok
 }
 
 func fakeTransFactory() stack.TransportProtocol {
@@ -382,9 +377,9 @@ func TestTransportReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	// Make sure packet with wrong protocol is not delivered.
 	buf[0] = 1
 	buf[2] = 0
-	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeTrans.packetCount != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount = %d, want %d", fakeTrans.packetCount, 0)
 	}
@@ -393,9 +388,9 @@ func TestTransportReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	buf[0] = 1
 	buf[1] = 3
 	buf[2] = byte(fakeTransNumber)
-	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeTrans.packetCount != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount = %d, want %d", fakeTrans.packetCount, 0)
 	}
@@ -404,9 +399,9 @@ func TestTransportReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	buf[0] = 1
 	buf[1] = 2
 	buf[2] = byte(fakeTransNumber)
-	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeTrans.packetCount != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("packetCount = %d, want %d", fakeTrans.packetCount, 1)
 	}
@@ -459,9 +454,9 @@ func TestTransportControlReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+0] = 0
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+1] = 1
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+2] = 0
-	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeTrans.controlCount != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("controlCount = %d, want %d", fakeTrans.controlCount, 0)
 	}
@@ -470,9 +465,9 @@ func TestTransportControlReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+0] = 3
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+1] = 1
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+2] = byte(fakeTransNumber)
-	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeTrans.controlCount != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("controlCount = %d, want %d", fakeTrans.controlCount, 0)
 	}
@@ -481,9 +476,9 @@ func TestTransportControlReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+0] = 2
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+1] = 1
 	buf[fakeNetHeaderLen+2] = byte(fakeTransNumber)
-	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	linkEP.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 	if fakeTrans.controlCount != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("controlCount = %d, want %d", fakeTrans.controlCount, 1)
 	}
@@ -636,9 +631,9 @@ func TestTransportForwarding(t *testing.T) {
 	req[0] = 1
 	req[1] = 3
 	req[2] = byte(fakeTransNumber)
-	ep2.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	ep2.InjectInbound(fakeNetNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: req.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	aep, _, err := ep.Accept()
 	if err != nil || aep == nil {
@@ -655,10 +650,11 @@ func TestTransportForwarding(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("Response packet not forwarded")
 	}
 
-	if dst := p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[0]; dst != 3 {
+	nh := stack.PayloadSince(p.Pkt.NetworkHeader())
+	if dst := nh[0]; dst != 3 {
 		t.Errorf("Response packet has incorrect destination addresss: got = %d, want = 3", dst)
 	}
-	if src := p.Pkt.NetworkHeader[1]; src != 1 {
+	if src := nh[1]; src != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("Response packet has incorrect source addresss: got = %d, want = 3", src)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/tests/integration/multicast_broadcast_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/tests/integration/multicast_broadcast_test.go
index 0ff3a2b89..9f0dd4d6d 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/tests/integration/multicast_broadcast_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/tests/integration/multicast_broadcast_test.go
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ func TestPingMulticastBroadcast(t *testing.T) {
 			DstAddr:     dst,
 		})
 
-		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	rxIPv6ICMP := func(e *channel.Endpoint, dst tcpip.Address) {
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ func TestPingMulticastBroadcast(t *testing.T) {
 			DstAddr:       dst,
 		})
 
-		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ func TestPingMulticastBroadcast(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("got pkt.Route.RemoteAddress = %s, want = %s", pkt.Route.RemoteAddress, expectedDst)
 			}
 
-			src, dst := proto.ParseAddresses(pkt.Pkt.NetworkHeader)
+			src, dst := proto.ParseAddresses(pkt.Pkt.NetworkHeader().View())
 			if src != expectedSrc {
 				t.Errorf("got pkt source = %s, want = %s", src, expectedSrc)
 			}
@@ -252,9 +252,9 @@ func TestIncomingMulticastAndBroadcast(t *testing.T) {
 			DstAddr:     dst,
 		})
 
-		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	rxIPv6UDP := func(e *channel.Endpoint, dst tcpip.Address) {
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ func TestIncomingMulticastAndBroadcast(t *testing.T) {
 			DstAddr:       dst,
 		})
 
-		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		e.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	tests := []struct {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp/endpoint.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp/endpoint.go
index 4612be4e7..bd6f49eb8 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp/endpoint.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp/endpoint.go
@@ -430,9 +430,12 @@ func send4(r *stack.Route, ident uint16, data buffer.View, ttl uint8, owner tcpi
 		return tcpip.ErrInvalidEndpointState
 	}
 
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()))
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: header.ICMPv4MinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()),
+	})
+	pkt.Owner = owner
 
-	icmpv4 := header.ICMPv4(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize))
+	icmpv4 := header.ICMPv4(pkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize))
 	copy(icmpv4, data)
 	// Set the ident to the user-specified port. Sequence number should
 	// already be set by the user.
@@ -447,15 +450,12 @@ func send4(r *stack.Route, ident uint16, data buffer.View, ttl uint8, owner tcpi
 	icmpv4.SetChecksum(0)
 	icmpv4.SetChecksum(^header.Checksum(icmpv4, header.Checksum(data, 0)))
 
+	pkt.Data = data.ToVectorisedView()
+
 	if ttl == 0 {
 		ttl = r.DefaultTTL()
 	}
-	return r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber, TTL: ttl, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header:          hdr,
-		Data:            data.ToVectorisedView(),
-		TransportHeader: buffer.View(icmpv4),
-		Owner:           owner,
-	})
+	return r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber, TTL: ttl, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, pkt)
 }
 
 func send6(r *stack.Route, ident uint16, data buffer.View, ttl uint8) *tcpip.Error {
@@ -463,9 +463,11 @@ func send6(r *stack.Route, ident uint16, data buffer.View, ttl uint8) *tcpip.Err
 		return tcpip.ErrInvalidEndpointState
 	}
 
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.ICMPv6MinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()))
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: header.ICMPv6MinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()),
+	})
 
-	icmpv6 := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv6MinimumSize))
+	icmpv6 := header.ICMPv6(pkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.ICMPv6MinimumSize))
 	copy(icmpv6, data)
 	// Set the ident. Sequence number is provided by the user.
 	icmpv6.SetIdent(ident)
@@ -477,15 +479,12 @@ func send6(r *stack.Route, ident uint16, data buffer.View, ttl uint8) *tcpip.Err
 
 	dataVV := data.ToVectorisedView()
 	icmpv6.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmpv6, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, dataVV))
+	pkt.Data = dataVV
 
 	if ttl == 0 {
 		ttl = r.DefaultTTL()
 	}
-	return r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: ttl, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header:          hdr,
-		Data:            dataVV,
-		TransportHeader: buffer.View(icmpv6),
-	})
+	return r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: ttl, TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, pkt)
 }
 
 // checkV4MappedLocked determines the effective network protocol and converts
@@ -748,14 +747,18 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pk
 	// Only accept echo replies.
 	switch e.NetProto {
 	case header.IPv4ProtocolNumber:
-		h := header.ICMPv4(pkt.TransportHeader)
+		h := header.ICMPv4(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
+		// TODO(b/129292233): Determine if len(h) check is still needed after early
+		// parsing.
 		if len(h) < header.ICMPv4MinimumSize || h.Type() != header.ICMPv4EchoReply {
 			e.stack.Stats().DroppedPackets.Increment()
 			e.stats.ReceiveErrors.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 			return
 		}
 	case header.IPv6ProtocolNumber:
-		h := header.ICMPv6(pkt.TransportHeader)
+		h := header.ICMPv6(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
+		// TODO(b/129292233): Determine if len(h) check is still needed after early
+		// parsing.
 		if len(h) < header.ICMPv6MinimumSize || h.Type() != header.ICMPv6EchoReply {
 			e.stack.Stats().DroppedPackets.Increment()
 			e.stats.ReceiveErrors.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
@@ -791,7 +794,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pk
 	}
 
 	// ICMP socket's data includes ICMP header.
-	packet.data = pkt.TransportHeader.ToVectorisedView()
+	packet.data = pkt.TransportHeader().View().ToVectorisedView()
 	packet.data.Append(pkt.Data)
 
 	e.rcvList.PushBack(packet)
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/packet/endpoint.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/packet/endpoint.go
index df478115d..1b03ad6bb 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/packet/endpoint.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/packet/endpoint.go
@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ func (ep *endpoint) HandlePacket(nicID tcpip.NICID, localAddr tcpip.LinkAddress,
 	// Push new packet into receive list and increment the buffer size.
 	var packet packet
 	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/173): Return network protocol.
-	if len(pkt.LinkHeader) > 0 {
+	if !pkt.LinkHeader().View().IsEmpty() {
 		// Get info directly from the ethernet header.
-		hdr := header.Ethernet(pkt.LinkHeader)
+		hdr := header.Ethernet(pkt.LinkHeader().View())
 		packet.senderAddr = tcpip.FullAddress{
 			NIC:  nicID,
 			Addr: tcpip.Address(hdr.SourceAddress()),
@@ -458,9 +458,14 @@ func (ep *endpoint) HandlePacket(nicID tcpip.NICID, localAddr tcpip.LinkAddress,
 		case tcpip.PacketHost:
 			packet.data = pkt.Data
 		case tcpip.PacketOutgoing:
-			// Strip Link Header from the Header.
-			pkt.Header = buffer.NewPrependableFromView(pkt.Header.View()[len(pkt.LinkHeader):])
-			combinedVV := pkt.Header.View().ToVectorisedView()
+			// Strip Link Header.
+			var combinedVV buffer.VectorisedView
+			if v := pkt.NetworkHeader().View(); !v.IsEmpty() {
+				combinedVV.AppendView(v)
+			}
+			if v := pkt.TransportHeader().View(); !v.IsEmpty() {
+				combinedVV.AppendView(v)
+			}
 			combinedVV.Append(pkt.Data)
 			packet.data = combinedVV
 		default:
@@ -471,9 +476,8 @@ func (ep *endpoint) HandlePacket(nicID tcpip.NICID, localAddr tcpip.LinkAddress,
 		// Raw packets need their ethernet headers prepended before
 		// queueing.
 		var linkHeader buffer.View
-		var combinedVV buffer.VectorisedView
 		if pkt.PktType != tcpip.PacketOutgoing {
-			if len(pkt.LinkHeader) == 0 {
+			if pkt.LinkHeader().View().IsEmpty() {
 				// We weren't provided with an actual ethernet header,
 				// so fake one.
 				ethFields := header.EthernetFields{
@@ -485,19 +489,14 @@ func (ep *endpoint) HandlePacket(nicID tcpip.NICID, localAddr tcpip.LinkAddress,
 				fakeHeader.Encode(&ethFields)
 				linkHeader = buffer.View(fakeHeader)
 			} else {
-				linkHeader = append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.LinkHeader...)
+				linkHeader = append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.LinkHeader().View()...)
 			}
-			combinedVV = linkHeader.ToVectorisedView()
-		}
-		if pkt.PktType == tcpip.PacketOutgoing {
-			// For outgoing packets the Link, Network and Transport
-			// headers are in the pkt.Header fields normally unless
-			// a Raw socket is in use in which case pkt.Header could
-			// be nil.
-			combinedVV.AppendView(pkt.Header.View())
+			combinedVV := linkHeader.ToVectorisedView()
+			combinedVV.Append(pkt.Data)
+			packet.data = combinedVV
+		} else {
+			packet.data = buffer.NewVectorisedView(pkt.Size(), pkt.Views())
 		}
-		combinedVV.Append(pkt.Data)
-		packet.data = combinedVV
 	}
 	packet.timestampNS = ep.stack.Clock().NowNanoseconds()
 
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/raw/endpoint.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/raw/endpoint.go
index f85a68554..edc2b5b61 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/raw/endpoint.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/raw/endpoint.go
@@ -352,18 +352,23 @@ func (e *endpoint) finishWrite(payloadBytes []byte, route *stack.Route) (int64,
 	}
 
 	if e.hdrIncluded {
-		if err := route.WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(&stack.PacketBuffer{
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: buffer.View(payloadBytes).ToVectorisedView(),
-		}); err != nil {
+		})
+		if err := route.WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(pkt); err != nil {
 			return 0, nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(len(payloadBytes) + int(route.MaxHeaderLength()))
-		if err := route.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: e.TransProto, TTL: route.DefaultTTL(), TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header: hdr,
-			Data:   buffer.View(payloadBytes).ToVectorisedView(),
-			Owner:  e.owner,
-		}); err != nil {
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: int(route.MaxHeaderLength()),
+			Data:               buffer.View(payloadBytes).ToVectorisedView(),
+		})
+		pkt.Owner = e.owner
+		if err := route.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{
+			Protocol: e.TransProto,
+			TTL:      route.DefaultTTL(),
+			TOS:      stack.DefaultTOS,
+		}, pkt); err != nil {
 			return 0, nil, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -691,12 +696,13 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(route *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	// slice. Save/restore doesn't support overlapping slices and will fail.
 	var combinedVV buffer.VectorisedView
 	if e.TransportEndpointInfo.NetProto == header.IPv4ProtocolNumber {
-		headers := make(buffer.View, 0, len(pkt.NetworkHeader)+len(pkt.TransportHeader))
-		headers = append(headers, pkt.NetworkHeader...)
-		headers = append(headers, pkt.TransportHeader...)
+		network, transport := pkt.NetworkHeader().View(), pkt.TransportHeader().View()
+		headers := make(buffer.View, 0, len(network)+len(transport))
+		headers = append(headers, network...)
+		headers = append(headers, transport...)
 		combinedVV = headers.ToVectorisedView()
 	} else {
-		combinedVV = append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.TransportHeader...).ToVectorisedView()
+		combinedVV = append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.TransportHeader().View()...).ToVectorisedView()
 	}
 	combinedVV.Append(pkt.Data)
 	packet.data = combinedVV
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/connect.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/connect.go
index 46702906b..290172ac9 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/connect.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/connect.go
@@ -746,11 +746,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) sendTCP(r *stack.Route, tf tcpFields, data buffer.VectorisedV
 
 func buildTCPHdr(r *stack.Route, tf tcpFields, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, gso *stack.GSO) {
 	optLen := len(tf.opts)
-	hdr := &pkt.Header
-	packetSize := pkt.Data.Size()
-	// Initialize the header.
-	tcp := header.TCP(hdr.Prepend(header.TCPMinimumSize + optLen))
-	pkt.TransportHeader = buffer.View(tcp)
+	tcp := header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.TCPMinimumSize + optLen))
 	tcp.Encode(&header.TCPFields{
 		SrcPort:    tf.id.LocalPort,
 		DstPort:    tf.id.RemotePort,
@@ -762,8 +758,7 @@ func buildTCPHdr(r *stack.Route, tf tcpFields, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, gso *sta
 	})
 	copy(tcp[header.TCPMinimumSize:], tf.opts)
 
-	length := uint16(hdr.UsedLength() + packetSize)
-	xsum := r.PseudoHeaderChecksum(ProtocolNumber, length)
+	xsum := r.PseudoHeaderChecksum(ProtocolNumber, uint16(pkt.Size()))
 	// Only calculate the checksum if offloading isn't supported.
 	if gso != nil && gso.NeedsCsum {
 		// This is called CHECKSUM_PARTIAL in the Linux kernel. We
@@ -801,17 +796,18 @@ func sendTCPBatch(r *stack.Route, tf tcpFields, data buffer.VectorisedView, gso
 			packetSize = size
 		}
 		size -= packetSize
-		var pkt stack.PacketBuffer
-		pkt.Header = buffer.NewPrependable(hdrSize)
+		pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: hdrSize,
+		})
 		pkt.Hash = tf.txHash
 		pkt.Owner = owner
 		pkt.EgressRoute = r
 		pkt.GSOOptions = gso
 		pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber = r.NetworkProtocolNumber()
 		data.ReadToVV(&pkt.Data, packetSize)
-		buildTCPHdr(r, tf, &pkt, gso)
+		buildTCPHdr(r, tf, pkt, gso)
 		tf.seq = tf.seq.Add(seqnum.Size(packetSize))
-		pkts.PushBack(&pkt)
+		pkts.PushBack(pkt)
 	}
 
 	if tf.ttl == 0 {
@@ -837,12 +833,12 @@ func sendTCP(r *stack.Route, tf tcpFields, data buffer.VectorisedView, gso *stac
 		return sendTCPBatch(r, tf, data, gso, owner)
 	}
 
-	pkt := &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header: buffer.NewPrependable(header.TCPMinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + optLen),
-		Data:   data,
-		Hash:   tf.txHash,
-		Owner:  owner,
-	}
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: header.TCPMinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + optLen,
+		Data:               data,
+	})
+	pkt.Hash = tf.txHash
+	pkt.Owner = owner
 	buildTCPHdr(r, tf, pkt, gso)
 
 	if tf.ttl == 0 {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/protocol.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/protocol.go
index 49a673b42..c5afa2680 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/protocol.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/protocol.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 package tcp
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -547,22 +546,22 @@ func (p *protocol) SynRcvdCounter() *synRcvdCounter {
 
 // Parse implements stack.TransportProtocol.Parse.
 func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) bool {
-	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.TCPMinimumSize)
+	// TCP header is variable length, peek at it first.
+	hdrLen := header.TCPMinimumSize
+	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(hdrLen)
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
 
 	// If the header has options, pull those up as well.
 	if offset := int(header.TCP(hdr).DataOffset()); offset > header.TCPMinimumSize && offset <= pkt.Data.Size() {
-		hdr, ok = pkt.Data.PullUp(offset)
-		if !ok {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("There should be at least %d bytes in pkt.Data.", offset))
-		}
+		// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/2404): Figure out whether to reject this kind of
+		// packets.
+		hdrLen = offset
 	}
 
-	pkt.TransportHeader = hdr
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(len(hdr))
-	return true
+	_, ok = pkt.TransportHeader().Consume(hdrLen)
+	return ok
 }
 
 // NewProtocol returns a TCP transport protocol.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/segment.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/segment.go
index bb60dc29d..94307d31a 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/segment.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/segment.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func newSegment(r *stack.Route, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketB
 		route:  r.Clone(),
 	}
 	s.data = pkt.Data.Clone(s.views[:])
-	s.hdr = header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	s.hdr = header.TCP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 	s.rcvdTime = time.Now()
 	return s
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/testing/context/context.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/testing/context/context.go
index 37e7767d6..927bc71e0 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/testing/context/context.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp/testing/context/context.go
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ func (c *Context) GetPacket() []byte {
 		c.t.Fatalf("Bad network protocol: got %v, wanted %v", p.Proto, ipv4.ProtocolNumber)
 	}
 
-	hdr := p.Pkt.Header.View()
-	b := append(hdr[:len(hdr):len(hdr)], p.Pkt.Data.ToView()...)
+	vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(p.Pkt.Size(), p.Pkt.Views())
+	b := vv.ToView()
 
 	if p.GSO != nil && p.GSO.L3HdrLen != header.IPv4MinimumSize {
 		c.t.Errorf("L3HdrLen %v (expected %v)", p.GSO.L3HdrLen, header.IPv4MinimumSize)
@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ func (c *Context) GetPacketNonBlocking() []byte {
 		c.t.Fatalf("Bad network protocol: got %v, wanted %v", p.Proto, ipv4.ProtocolNumber)
 	}
 
-	hdr := p.Pkt.Header.View()
-	b := append(hdr[:len(hdr):len(hdr)], p.Pkt.Data.ToView()...)
+	vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(p.Pkt.Size(), p.Pkt.Views())
+	b := vv.ToView()
 
 	checker.IPv4(c.t, b, checker.SrcAddr(StackAddr), checker.DstAddr(TestAddr))
 	return b
@@ -318,9 +318,10 @@ func (c *Context) SendICMPPacket(typ header.ICMPv4Type, code uint8, p1, p2 []byt
 	copy(icmp[header.ICMPv4PayloadOffset:], p2)
 
 	// Inject packet.
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
 	})
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // BuildSegment builds a TCP segment based on the given Headers and payload.
@@ -374,26 +375,29 @@ func (c *Context) BuildSegmentWithAddrs(payload []byte, h *Headers, src, dst tcp
 // SendSegment sends a TCP segment that has already been built and written to a
 // buffer.VectorisedView.
 func (c *Context) SendSegment(s buffer.VectorisedView) {
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: s,
 	})
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // SendPacket builds and sends a TCP segment(with the provided payload & TCP
 // headers) in an IPv4 packet via the link layer endpoint.
 func (c *Context) SendPacket(payload []byte, h *Headers) {
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: c.BuildSegment(payload, h),
 	})
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // SendPacketWithAddrs builds and sends a TCP segment(with the provided payload
 // & TCPheaders) in an IPv4 packet via the link layer endpoint using the
 // provided source and destination IPv4 addresses.
 func (c *Context) SendPacketWithAddrs(payload []byte, h *Headers, src, dst tcpip.Address) {
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: c.BuildSegmentWithAddrs(payload, h, src, dst),
 	})
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // SendAck sends an ACK packet.
@@ -514,9 +518,8 @@ func (c *Context) GetV6Packet() []byte {
 	if p.Proto != ipv6.ProtocolNumber {
 		c.t.Fatalf("Bad network protocol: got %v, wanted %v", p.Proto, ipv6.ProtocolNumber)
 	}
-	b := make([]byte, p.Pkt.Header.UsedLength()+p.Pkt.Data.Size())
-	copy(b, p.Pkt.Header.View())
-	copy(b[p.Pkt.Header.UsedLength():], p.Pkt.Data.ToView())
+	vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(p.Pkt.Size(), p.Pkt.Views())
+	b := vv.ToView()
 
 	checker.IPv6(c.t, b, checker.SrcAddr(StackV6Addr), checker.DstAddr(TestV6Addr))
 	return b
@@ -566,9 +569,10 @@ func (c *Context) SendV6PacketWithAddrs(payload []byte, h *Headers, src, dst tcp
 	t.SetChecksum(^t.CalculateChecksum(xsum))
 
 	// Inject packet.
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
 	})
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
 }
 
 // CreateConnected creates a connected TCP endpoint.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/endpoint.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/endpoint.go
index 4a2b6c03a..73608783c 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/endpoint.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/endpoint.go
@@ -986,13 +986,16 @@ func (e *endpoint) GetSockOpt(opt interface{}) *tcpip.Error {
 // sendUDP sends a UDP segment via the provided network endpoint and under the
 // provided identity.
 func sendUDP(r *stack.Route, data buffer.VectorisedView, localPort, remotePort uint16, ttl uint8, useDefaultTTL bool, tos uint8, owner tcpip.PacketOwner, noChecksum bool) *tcpip.Error {
-	// Allocate a buffer for the UDP header.
-	hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.UDPMinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()))
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		ReserveHeaderBytes: header.UDPMinimumSize + int(r.MaxHeaderLength()),
+		Data:               data,
+	})
+	pkt.Owner = owner
 
-	// Initialize the header.
-	udp := header.UDP(hdr.Prepend(header.UDPMinimumSize))
+	// Initialize the UDP header.
+	udp := header.UDP(pkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.UDPMinimumSize))
 
-	length := uint16(hdr.UsedLength() + data.Size())
+	length := uint16(pkt.Size())
 	udp.Encode(&header.UDPFields{
 		SrcPort: localPort,
 		DstPort: remotePort,
@@ -1019,12 +1022,7 @@ func sendUDP(r *stack.Route, data buffer.VectorisedView, localPort, remotePort u
 		Protocol: ProtocolNumber,
 		TTL:      ttl,
 		TOS:      tos,
-	}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Header:          hdr,
-		Data:            data,
-		TransportHeader: buffer.View(udp),
-		Owner:           owner,
-	}); err != nil {
+	}, pkt); err != nil {
 		r.Stats().UDP.PacketSendErrors.Increment()
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1372,7 +1370,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
 // endpoint.
 func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	// Get the header then trim it from the view.
-	hdr := header.UDP(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	hdr := header.UDP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 	if int(hdr.Length()) > pkt.Data.Size()+header.UDPMinimumSize {
 		// Malformed packet.
 		e.stack.Stats().UDP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
@@ -1443,9 +1441,9 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pk
 	// Save any useful information from the network header to the packet.
 	switch r.NetProto {
 	case header.IPv4ProtocolNumber:
-		packet.tos, _ = header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader).TOS()
+		packet.tos, _ = header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View()).TOS()
 	case header.IPv6ProtocolNumber:
-		packet.tos, _ = header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader).TOS()
+		packet.tos, _ = header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader().View()).TOS()
 	}
 
 	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/3556): r.LocalAddress may be a multicast or broadcast
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/protocol.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/protocol.go
index 0e7464e3a..63d4bed7c 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/protocol.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/protocol.go
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (*protocol) ParsePorts(v buffer.View) (src, dst uint16, err *tcpip.Error) {
 // HandleUnknownDestinationPacket handles packets targeted at this protocol but
 // that don't match any existing endpoint.
 func (p *protocol) HandleUnknownDestinationPacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) bool {
-	hdr := header.UDP(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	hdr := header.UDP(pkt.TransportHeader().View())
 	if int(hdr.Length()) > pkt.Data.Size()+header.UDPMinimumSize {
 		// Malformed packet.
 		r.Stack().Stats().UDP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func (p *protocol) HandleUnknownDestinationPacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.Trans
 		}
 		headerLen := int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv4MinimumSize
 		available := int(mtu) - headerLen
-		payloadLen := len(pkt.NetworkHeader) + len(pkt.TransportHeader) + pkt.Data.Size()
+		payloadLen := pkt.NetworkHeader().View().Size() + pkt.TransportHeader().View().Size() + pkt.Data.Size()
 		if payloadLen > available {
 			payloadLen = available
 		}
@@ -139,22 +139,21 @@ func (p *protocol) HandleUnknownDestinationPacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.Trans
 		// For example, a raw or packet socket may use what UDP
 		// considers an unreachable destination. Thus we deep copy pkt
 		// to prevent multiple ownership and SR errors.
-		newHeader := append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.NetworkHeader...)
-		newHeader = append(newHeader, pkt.TransportHeader...)
+		newHeader := append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.NetworkHeader().View()...)
+		newHeader = append(newHeader, pkt.TransportHeader().View()...)
 		payload := newHeader.ToVectorisedView()
 		payload.AppendView(pkt.Data.ToView())
 		payload.CapLength(payloadLen)
 
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(headerLen)
-		pkt := header.ICMPv4(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize))
-		pkt.SetType(header.ICMPv4DstUnreachable)
-		pkt.SetCode(header.ICMPv4PortUnreachable)
-		pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv4Checksum(pkt, payload))
-		r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber, TTL: r.DefaultTTL(), TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header:          hdr,
-			TransportHeader: buffer.View(pkt),
-			Data:            payload,
+		icmpPkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: headerLen,
+			Data:               payload,
 		})
+		icmpHdr := header.ICMPv4(icmpPkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize))
+		icmpHdr.SetType(header.ICMPv4DstUnreachable)
+		icmpHdr.SetCode(header.ICMPv4PortUnreachable)
+		icmpHdr.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv4Checksum(icmpHdr, icmpPkt.Data))
+		r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber, TTL: r.DefaultTTL(), TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, icmpPkt)
 
 	case header.IPv6AddressSize:
 		if !r.Stack().AllowICMPMessage() {
@@ -175,24 +174,24 @@ func (p *protocol) HandleUnknownDestinationPacket(r *stack.Route, id stack.Trans
 		}
 		headerLen := int(r.MaxHeaderLength()) + header.ICMPv6DstUnreachableMinimumSize
 		available := int(mtu) - headerLen
-		payloadLen := len(pkt.NetworkHeader) + len(pkt.TransportHeader) + pkt.Data.Size()
+		network, transport := pkt.NetworkHeader().View(), pkt.TransportHeader().View()
+		payloadLen := len(network) + len(transport) + pkt.Data.Size()
 		if payloadLen > available {
 			payloadLen = available
 		}
-		payload := buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(pkt.NetworkHeader)+len(pkt.TransportHeader), []buffer.View{pkt.NetworkHeader, pkt.TransportHeader})
+		payload := buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(network)+len(transport), []buffer.View{network, transport})
 		payload.Append(pkt.Data)
 		payload.CapLength(payloadLen)
 
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(headerLen)
-		pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.ICMPv6DstUnreachableMinimumSize))
-		pkt.SetType(header.ICMPv6DstUnreachable)
-		pkt.SetCode(header.ICMPv6PortUnreachable)
-		pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, payload))
-		r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: r.DefaultTTL(), TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Header:          hdr,
-			TransportHeader: buffer.View(pkt),
-			Data:            payload,
+		icmpPkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+			ReserveHeaderBytes: headerLen,
+			Data:               payload,
 		})
+		icmpHdr := header.ICMPv6(icmpPkt.TransportHeader().Push(header.ICMPv6DstUnreachableMinimumSize))
+		icmpHdr.SetType(header.ICMPv6DstUnreachable)
+		icmpHdr.SetCode(header.ICMPv6PortUnreachable)
+		icmpHdr.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmpHdr, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, icmpPkt.Data))
+		r.WritePacket(nil /* gso */, stack.NetworkHeaderParams{Protocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber, TTL: r.DefaultTTL(), TOS: stack.DefaultTOS}, icmpPkt)
 	}
 	return true
 }
@@ -215,14 +214,8 @@ func (*protocol) Wait() {}
 
 // Parse implements stack.TransportProtocol.Parse.
 func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) bool {
-	h, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.UDPMinimumSize)
-	if !ok {
-		// Packet is too small
-		return false
-	}
-	pkt.TransportHeader = h
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(header.UDPMinimumSize)
-	return true
+	_, ok := pkt.TransportHeader().Consume(header.UDPMinimumSize)
+	return ok
 }
 
 // NewProtocol returns a UDP transport protocol.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/udp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/udp_test.go
index 1a32622ca..71776d6db 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/udp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp/udp_test.go
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ func (c *testContext) getPacketAndVerify(flow testFlow, checkers ...checker.Netw
 		c.t.Fatalf("Bad network protocol: got %v, wanted %v", p.Proto, flow.netProto())
 	}
 
-	hdr := p.Pkt.Header.View()
-	b := append(hdr[:len(hdr):len(hdr)], p.Pkt.Data.ToView()...)
+	vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(p.Pkt.Size(), p.Pkt.Views())
+	b := vv.ToView()
 
 	h := flow.header4Tuple(outgoing)
 	checkers = append(
@@ -410,14 +410,14 @@ func (c *testContext) injectPacket(flow testFlow, payload []byte) {
 	h := flow.header4Tuple(incoming)
 	if flow.isV4() {
 		buf := c.buildV4Packet(payload, &h)
-		c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	} else {
 		buf := c.buildV6Packet(payload, &h)
-		c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 			Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -804,9 +804,9 @@ func TestV4ReadSelfSource(t *testing.T) {
 			h.srcAddr = h.dstAddr
 
 			buf := c.buildV4Packet(payload, &h)
-			c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+			c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 				Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			}))
 
 			if got := c.s.Stats().IP.InvalidSourceAddressesReceived.Value(); got != tt.wantInvalidSource {
 				t.Errorf("c.s.Stats().IP.InvalidSourceAddressesReceived got %d, want %d", got, tt.wantInvalidSource)
@@ -1766,9 +1766,8 @@ func TestV4UnknownDestination(t *testing.T) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			var pkt []byte
-			pkt = append(pkt, p.Pkt.Header.View()...)
-			pkt = append(pkt, p.Pkt.Data.ToView()...)
+			vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(p.Pkt.Size(), p.Pkt.Views())
+			pkt := vv.ToView()
 			if got, want := len(pkt), header.IPv4MinimumProcessableDatagramSize; got > want {
 				t.Fatalf("got an ICMP packet of size: %d, want: sz <= %d", got, want)
 			}
@@ -1844,9 +1843,8 @@ func TestV6UnknownDestination(t *testing.T) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			var pkt []byte
-			pkt = append(pkt, p.Pkt.Header.View()...)
-			pkt = append(pkt, p.Pkt.Data.ToView()...)
+			vv := buffer.NewVectorisedView(p.Pkt.Size(), p.Pkt.Views())
+			pkt := vv.ToView()
 			if got, want := len(pkt), header.IPv6MinimumMTU; got > want {
 				t.Fatalf("got an ICMP packet of size: %d, want: sz <= %d", got, want)
 			}
@@ -1897,9 +1895,9 @@ func TestIncrementMalformedPacketsReceived(t *testing.T) {
 	u := header.UDP(buf[header.IPv6MinimumSize:])
 	u.SetLength(u.Length() + 1)
 
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	const want = 1
 	if got := c.s.Stats().UDP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Value(); got != want {
@@ -1952,9 +1950,9 @@ func TestShortHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	copy(buf[header.IPv6MinimumSize:], udpHdr)
 
 	// Inject packet.
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	if got, want := c.s.Stats().MalformedRcvdPackets.Value(), uint64(1); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("got c.s.Stats().MalformedRcvdPackets.Value() = %d, want = %d", got, want)
@@ -1986,9 +1984,9 @@ func TestIncrementChecksumErrorsV4(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	const want = 1
 	if got := c.s.Stats().UDP.ChecksumErrors.Value(); got != want {
@@ -2019,9 +2017,9 @@ func TestIncrementChecksumErrorsV6(t *testing.T) {
 	u := header.UDP(buf[header.IPv6MinimumSize:])
 	u.SetChecksum(u.Checksum() + 1)
 
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	const want = 1
 	if got := c.s.Stats().UDP.ChecksumErrors.Value(); got != want {
@@ -2049,9 +2047,9 @@ func TestPayloadModifiedV4(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := c.buildV4Packet(payload, &h)
 	// Modify the payload so that the checksum value in the UDP header will be incorrect.
 	buf[len(buf)-1]++
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	const want = 1
 	if got := c.s.Stats().UDP.ChecksumErrors.Value(); got != want {
@@ -2079,9 +2077,9 @@ func TestPayloadModifiedV6(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := c.buildV6Packet(payload, &h)
 	// Modify the payload so that the checksum value in the UDP header will be incorrect.
 	buf[len(buf)-1]++
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	const want = 1
 	if got := c.s.Stats().UDP.ChecksumErrors.Value(); got != want {
@@ -2110,9 +2108,9 @@ func TestChecksumZeroV4(t *testing.T) {
 	// Set the checksum field in the UDP header to zero.
 	u := header.UDP(buf[header.IPv4MinimumSize:])
 	u.SetChecksum(0)
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	const want = 0
 	if got := c.s.Stats().UDP.ChecksumErrors.Value(); got != want {
@@ -2141,9 +2139,9 @@ func TestChecksumZeroV6(t *testing.T) {
 	// Set the checksum field in the UDP header to zero.
 	u := header.UDP(buf[header.IPv6MinimumSize:])
 	u.SetChecksum(0)
-	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
+	c.linkEP.InjectInbound(ipv6.ProtocolNumber, stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
 		Data: buf.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	}))
 
 	const want = 1
 	if got := c.s.Stats().UDP.ChecksumErrors.Value(); got != want {