netstack: parse incoming packet headers up-front

Netstack has traditionally parsed headers on-demand as a packet moves up the
stack. This is conceptually simple and convenient, but incompatible with
iptables, where headers can be inspected and mangled before even a routing
decision is made.

This changes header parsing to happen early in the incoming packet path, as soon
as the NIC gets the packet from a link endpoint. Even if an invalid packet is
found (e.g. a TCP header of insufficient length), the packet is passed up the
stack for proper stats bookkeeping.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 315179302

10 files changed, 236 insertions, 123 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go
index ea1acba83..7f27a840d 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/arp/arp.go
@@ -99,11 +99,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBu
 }
 
 func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
-	v, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.ARPSize)
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	h := header.ARP(v)
+	h := header.ARP(pkt.NetworkHeader)
 	if !h.IsValid() {
 		return
 	}
@@ -209,6 +205,17 @@ func (*protocol) Close() {}
 // Wait implements stack.TransportProtocol.Wait.
 func (*protocol) Wait() {}
 
+// Parse implements stack.NetworkProtocol.Parse.
+func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) (proto tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, hasTransportHdr bool, ok bool) {
+	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.ARPSize)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false, false
+	}
+	pkt.NetworkHeader = hdr
+	pkt.Data.TrimFront(header.ARPSize)
+	return 0, false, true
+}
+
 var broadcastMAC = tcpip.LinkAddress([]byte{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff})
 
 // NewProtocol returns an ARP network protocol.
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/fragmentation/fragmentation.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/fragmentation/fragmentation.go
index f42abc4bb..2982450f8 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/fragmentation/fragmentation.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/fragmentation/fragmentation.go
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ func NewFragmentation(highMemoryLimit, lowMemoryLimit int, reassemblingTimeout t
 	}
 }
 
-// Process processes an incoming fragment belonging to an ID
-// and returns a complete packet when all the packets belonging to that ID have been received.
+// Process processes an incoming fragment belonging to an ID and returns a
+// complete packet when all the packets belonging to that ID have been received.
 func (f *Fragmentation) Process(id uint32, first, last uint16, more bool, vv buffer.VectorisedView) (buffer.VectorisedView, bool, error) {
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	r, ok := f.reassemblers[id]
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go
index d9b62f2db..7c8fb3e0a 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ip_test.go
@@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ func TestIPv4Receive(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("could not find route: %v", err)
 	}
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data: view.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	pkt := stack.PacketBuffer{Data: view.ToVectorisedView()}
+	proto.Parse(&pkt)
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 1", o.dataCalls)
 	}
@@ -382,10 +382,7 @@ func TestIPv4ReceiveControl(t *testing.T) {
 			o.typ = c.expectedTyp
 			o.extra = c.expectedExtra
 
-			vv := view[:len(view)-c.trunc].ToVectorisedView()
-			ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Data: vv,
-			})
+			ep.HandlePacket(&r, truncatedPacket(view, c.trunc, header.IPv4MinimumSize))
 			if want := c.expectedCount; o.controlCalls != want {
 				t.Fatalf("Bad number of control calls for %q case: got %v, want %v", c.name, o.controlCalls, want)
 			}
@@ -448,17 +445,17 @@ func TestIPv4FragmentationReceive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Send first segment.
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data: frag1.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	pkt := stack.PacketBuffer{Data: frag1.ToVectorisedView()}
+	proto.Parse(&pkt)
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 0", o.dataCalls)
 	}
 
 	// Send second segment.
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data: frag2.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	pkt = stack.PacketBuffer{Data: frag2.ToVectorisedView()}
+	proto.Parse(&pkt)
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 1", o.dataCalls)
 	}
@@ -538,9 +535,9 @@ func TestIPv6Receive(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("could not find route: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data: view.ToVectorisedView(),
-	})
+	pkt := stack.PacketBuffer{Data: view.ToVectorisedView()}
+	proto.Parse(&pkt)
+	ep.HandlePacket(&r, &pkt)
 	if o.dataCalls != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Bad number of data calls: got %x, want 1", o.dataCalls)
 	}
@@ -652,12 +649,25 @@ func TestIPv6ReceiveControl(t *testing.T) {
 			// Set ICMPv6 checksum.
 			icmp.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmp, outerSrcAddr, localIpv6Addr, buffer.VectorisedView{}))
 
-			ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-				Data: view[:len(view)-c.trunc].ToVectorisedView(),
-			})
+			ep.HandlePacket(&r, truncatedPacket(view, c.trunc, header.IPv6MinimumSize))
 			if want := c.expectedCount; o.controlCalls != want {
 				t.Fatalf("Bad number of control calls for %q case: got %v, want %v", c.name, o.controlCalls, want)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// truncatedPacket returns a PacketBuffer based on a truncated view. If view,
+// after truncation, is large enough to hold a network header, it makes part of
+// view the packet's NetworkHeader and the rest its Data. Otherwise all of view
+// becomes Data.
+func truncatedPacket(view buffer.View, trunc, netHdrLen int) *stack.PacketBuffer {
+	v := view[:len(view)-trunc]
+	if len(v) < netHdrLen {
+		return &stack.PacketBuffer{Data: v.ToVectorisedView()}
+	}
+	return &stack.PacketBuffer{
+		NetworkHeader: v[:netHdrLen],
+		Data:          v[netHdrLen:].ToVectorisedView(),
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go
index d1c3ae835..1b67aa066 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/icmp.go
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleControl(typ stack.ControlType, extra uint32, pkt *stack
 func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	stats := r.Stats()
 	received := stats.ICMP.V4PacketsReceived
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): ICMP packets don't have their
+	// TransportHeader fields set. See icmp/protocol.go:protocol.Parse for a
+	// full explanation.
 	v, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.ICMPv4MinimumSize)
 	if !ok {
 		received.Invalid.Increment()
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
index 959f7e007..7e9f16c90 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 package ipv4
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
@@ -268,14 +269,14 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, params stack.Netw
 		ep, err := e.stack.FindNetworkEndpoint(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, netHeader.DestinationAddress())
 		if err == nil {
 			route := r.ReverseRoute(netHeader.SourceAddress(), netHeader.DestinationAddress())
-			handleLoopback(&route, pkt, ep)
+			ep.HandlePacket(&route, pkt)
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
 	if r.Loop&stack.PacketLoop != 0 {
 		loopedR := r.MakeLoopedRoute()
-		handleLoopback(&loopedR, pkt, e)
+		e.HandlePacket(&loopedR, pkt)
 		loopedR.Release()
 	}
 	if r.Loop&stack.PacketOut == 0 {
@@ -291,17 +292,6 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, params stack.Netw
 	return nil
 }
 
-func handleLoopback(route *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, ep stack.NetworkEndpoint) {
-	// The inbound path expects the network header to still be in
-	// the PacketBuffer's Data field.
-	views := make([]buffer.View, 1, 1+len(pkt.Data.Views()))
-	views[0] = pkt.Header.View()
-	views = append(views, pkt.Data.Views()...)
-	ep.HandlePacket(route, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-		Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(views[0])+pkt.Data.Size(), views),
-	})
-}
-
 // WritePackets implements stack.NetworkEndpoint.WritePackets.
 func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, pkts stack.PacketBufferList, params stack.NetworkHeaderParams) (int, *tcpip.Error) {
 	if r.Loop&stack.PacketLoop != 0 {
@@ -339,12 +329,11 @@ func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(r *stack.Route, gso *stack.GSO, pkts stack.Packe
 		}
 		if _, ok := natPkts[pkt]; ok {
 			netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
-			ep, err := e.stack.FindNetworkEndpoint(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, netHeader.DestinationAddress())
-			if err == nil {
+			if ep, err := e.stack.FindNetworkEndpoint(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, netHeader.DestinationAddress()); err == nil {
 				src := netHeader.SourceAddress()
 				dst := netHeader.DestinationAddress()
 				route := r.ReverseRoute(src, dst)
-				handleLoopback(&route, pkt, ep)
+				ep.HandlePacket(&route, pkt)
 				n++
 				continue
 			}
@@ -418,22 +407,11 @@ func (e *endpoint) WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBu
 // HandlePacket is called by the link layer when new ipv4 packets arrive for
 // this endpoint.
 func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
-	headerView, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.IPv4MinimumSize)
-	if !ok {
+	h := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size() + len(pkt.NetworkHeader) + len(pkt.TransportHeader)) {
 		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 		return
 	}
-	h := header.IPv4(headerView)
-	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size()) {
-		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
-		return
-	}
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = headerView[:h.HeaderLength()]
-
-	hlen := int(h.HeaderLength())
-	tlen := int(h.TotalLength())
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(hlen)
-	pkt.Data.CapLength(tlen - hlen)
 
 	// iptables filtering. All packets that reach here are intended for
 	// this machine and will not be forwarded.
@@ -443,9 +421,8 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	more := (h.Flags() & header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments) != 0
-	if more || h.FragmentOffset() != 0 {
-		if pkt.Data.Size() == 0 {
+	if h.More() || h.FragmentOffset() != 0 {
+		if pkt.Data.Size()+len(pkt.TransportHeader) == 0 {
 			// Drop the packet as it's marked as a fragment but has
 			// no payload.
 			r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
@@ -464,7 +441,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 		}
 		var ready bool
 		var err error
-		pkt.Data, ready, err = e.fragmentation.Process(hash.IPv4FragmentHash(h), h.FragmentOffset(), last, more, pkt.Data)
+		pkt.Data, ready, err = e.fragmentation.Process(hash.IPv4FragmentHash(h), h.FragmentOffset(), last, h.More(), pkt.Data)
 		if err != nil {
 			r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 			r.Stats().IP.MalformedFragmentsReceived.Increment()
@@ -476,7 +453,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	}
 	p := h.TransportProtocol()
 	if p == header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber {
-		headerView.CapLength(hlen)
+		pkt.NetworkHeader.CapLength(int(h.HeaderLength()))
 		e.handleICMP(r, pkt)
 		return
 	}
@@ -556,6 +533,35 @@ func (*protocol) Close() {}
 // Wait implements stack.TransportProtocol.Wait.
 func (*protocol) Wait() {}
 
+// Parse implements stack.TransportProtocol.Parse.
+func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) (proto tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, hasTransportHdr bool, ok bool) {
+	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.IPv4MinimumSize)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false, false
+	}
+	ipHdr := header.IPv4(hdr)
+
+	// If there are options, pull those into hdr as well.
+	if headerLen := int(ipHdr.HeaderLength()); headerLen > header.IPv4MinimumSize && headerLen <= pkt.Data.Size() {
+		hdr, ok = pkt.Data.PullUp(headerLen)
+		if !ok {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("There are only %d bytes in pkt.Data, but there should be at least %d", pkt.Data.Size(), headerLen))
+		}
+		ipHdr = header.IPv4(hdr)
+	}
+
+	// If this is a fragment, don't bother parsing the transport header.
+	parseTransportHeader := true
+	if ipHdr.More() || ipHdr.FragmentOffset() != 0 {
+		parseTransportHeader = false
+	}
+
+	pkt.NetworkHeader = hdr
+	pkt.Data.TrimFront(len(hdr))
+	pkt.Data.CapLength(int(ipHdr.TotalLength()) - len(hdr))
+	return ipHdr.TransportProtocol(), parseTransportHeader, true
+}
+
 // calculateMTU calculates the network-layer payload MTU based on the link-layer
 // payload mtu.
 func calculateMTU(mtu uint32) uint32 {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
index c208ebd99..11e579c4b 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4/ipv4_test.go
@@ -652,6 +652,18 @@ func TestReceiveFragments(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1, udpPayload2},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Fragment without followup",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					id:             1,
+					flags:          header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments,
+					fragmentOffset: 0,
+					payload:        ipv4Payload1[:64],
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: nil,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go
index b62fb1de6..2ff7eedf4 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp.go
@@ -70,17 +70,20 @@ func (e *endpoint) handleControl(typ stack.ControlType, extra uint32, pkt *stack
 	e.dispatcher.DeliverTransportControlPacket(e.id.LocalAddress, hdr.DestinationAddress(), ProtocolNumber, p, typ, extra, pkt)
 }
 
-func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, netHeader buffer.View, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, hasFragmentHeader bool) {
+func (e *endpoint) handleICMP(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, hasFragmentHeader bool) {
 	stats := r.Stats().ICMP
 	sent := stats.V6PacketsSent
 	received := stats.V6PacketsReceived
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): ICMP packets don't have their
+	// TransportHeader fields set. See icmp/protocol.go:protocol.Parse for a
+	// full explanation.
 	v, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.ICMPv6HeaderSize)
 	if !ok {
 		received.Invalid.Increment()
 		return
 	}
 	h := header.ICMPv6(v)
-	iph := header.IPv6(netHeader)
+	iph := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader)
 
 	// Validate ICMPv6 checksum before processing the packet.
 	//
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go
index a720f626f..52a01b44e 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/icmp_test.go
@@ -179,36 +179,32 @@ func TestICMPCounts(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	handleIPv6Payload := func(hdr buffer.Prependable) {
-		payloadLength := hdr.UsedLength()
-		ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+	handleIPv6Payload := func(icmp header.ICMPv6) {
+		ip := header.IPv6(buffer.NewView(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
 		ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
-			PayloadLength: uint16(payloadLength),
+			PayloadLength: uint16(len(icmp)),
 			NextHeader:    uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber),
 			HopLimit:      header.NDPHopLimit,
 			SrcAddr:       r.LocalAddress,
 			DstAddr:       r.RemoteAddress,
 		})
 		ep.HandlePacket(&r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
+			NetworkHeader: buffer.View(ip),
+			Data:          buffer.View(icmp).ToVectorisedView(),
 		})
 	}
 
 	for _, typ := range types {
-		extraDataLen := len(typ.extraData)
-		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize + typ.size + extraDataLen)
-		extraData := buffer.View(hdr.Prepend(extraDataLen))
-		copy(extraData, typ.extraData)
-		pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(typ.size))
-		pkt.SetType(typ.typ)
-		pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, extraData.ToVectorisedView()))
-
-		handleIPv6Payload(hdr)
+		icmp := header.ICMPv6(buffer.NewView(typ.size + len(typ.extraData)))
+		copy(icmp[typ.size:], typ.extraData)
+		icmp.SetType(typ.typ)
+		icmp.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmp[:typ.size], r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.View(typ.extraData).ToVectorisedView()))
+		handleIPv6Payload(icmp)
 	}
 
 	// Construct an empty ICMP packet so that
 	// Stats().ICMP.ICMPv6ReceivedPacketStats.Invalid is incremented.
-	handleIPv6Payload(buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+	handleIPv6Payload(header.ICMPv6(buffer.NewView(header.IPv6MinimumSize)))
 
 	icmpv6Stats := s.Stats().ICMP.V6PacketsReceived
 	visitStats(reflect.ValueOf(&icmpv6Stats).Elem(), func(name string, s *tcpip.StatCounter) {
@@ -546,25 +542,22 @@ func TestICMPChecksumValidationSimple(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			handleIPv6Payload := func(checksum bool) {
-				extraDataLen := len(typ.extraData)
-				hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize + typ.size + extraDataLen)
-				extraData := buffer.View(hdr.Prepend(extraDataLen))
-				copy(extraData, typ.extraData)
-				pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(typ.size))
-				pkt.SetType(typ.typ)
+				icmp := header.ICMPv6(buffer.NewView(typ.size + len(typ.extraData)))
+				copy(icmp[typ.size:], typ.extraData)
+				icmp.SetType(typ.typ)
 				if checksum {
-					pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, lladdr1, lladdr0, extraData.ToVectorisedView()))
+					icmp.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmp, lladdr1, lladdr0, buffer.View{}.ToVectorisedView()))
 				}
-				ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+				ip := header.IPv6(buffer.NewView(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
 				ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
-					PayloadLength: uint16(typ.size + extraDataLen),
+					PayloadLength: uint16(len(icmp)),
 					NextHeader:    uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber),
 					HopLimit:      header.NDPHopLimit,
 					SrcAddr:       lladdr1,
 					DstAddr:       lladdr0,
 				})
 				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-					Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
+					Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(ip)+len(icmp), []buffer.View{buffer.View(ip), buffer.View(icmp)}),
 				})
 			}
 
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
index 0d94ad122..95fbcf2d1 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
@@ -171,22 +171,20 @@ func (*endpoint) WriteHeaderIncludedPacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuff
 // HandlePacket is called by the link layer when new ipv6 packets arrive for
 // this endpoint.
 func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
-	headerView, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.IPv6MinimumSize)
-	if !ok {
+	h := header.IPv6(pkt.NetworkHeader)
+	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size() + len(pkt.NetworkHeader) + len(pkt.TransportHeader)) {
 		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 		return
 	}
-	h := header.IPv6(headerView)
-	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size()) {
-		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
-		return
-	}
-
-	pkt.NetworkHeader = headerView[:header.IPv6MinimumSize]
-	pkt.Data.TrimFront(header.IPv6MinimumSize)
-	pkt.Data.CapLength(int(h.PayloadLength()))
 
-	it := header.MakeIPv6PayloadIterator(header.IPv6ExtensionHeaderIdentifier(h.NextHeader()), pkt.Data)
+	// vv consists of:
+	// - Any IPv6 header bytes after the first 40 (i.e. extensions).
+	// - The transport header, if present.
+	// - Any other payload data.
+	vv := pkt.NetworkHeader[header.IPv6MinimumSize:].ToVectorisedView()
+	vv.AppendView(pkt.TransportHeader)
+	vv.Append(pkt.Data)
+	it := header.MakeIPv6PayloadIterator(header.IPv6ExtensionHeaderIdentifier(h.NextHeader()), vv)
 	hasFragmentHeader := false
 
 	for firstHeader := true; ; firstHeader = false {
@@ -262,9 +260,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 		case header.IPv6FragmentExtHdr:
 			hasFragmentHeader = true
 
-			fragmentOffset := extHdr.FragmentOffset()
-			more := extHdr.More()
-			if !more && fragmentOffset == 0 {
+			if extHdr.IsAtomic() {
 				// This fragment extension header indicates that this packet is an
 				// atomic fragment. An atomic fragment is a fragment that contains
 				// all the data required to reassemble a full packet. As per RFC 6946,
@@ -277,9 +273,9 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 			// Don't consume the iterator if we have the first fragment because we
 			// will use it to validate that the first fragment holds the upper layer
 			// header.
-			rawPayload := it.AsRawHeader(fragmentOffset != 0 /* consume */)
+			rawPayload := it.AsRawHeader(extHdr.FragmentOffset() != 0 /* consume */)
 
-			if fragmentOffset == 0 {
+			if extHdr.FragmentOffset() == 0 {
 				// Check that the iterator ends with a raw payload as the first fragment
 				// should include all headers up to and including any upper layer
 				// headers, as per RFC 8200 section 4.5; only upper layer data
@@ -332,7 +328,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 			}
 
 			// The packet is a fragment, let's try to reassemble it.
-			start := fragmentOffset * header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrFragmentOffsetBytesPerUnit
+			start := extHdr.FragmentOffset() * header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrFragmentOffsetBytesPerUnit
 			last := start + uint16(fragmentPayloadLen) - 1
 
 			// Drop the packet if the fragmentOffset is incorrect. i.e the
@@ -345,7 +341,9 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 			}
 
 			var ready bool
-			pkt.Data, ready, err = e.fragmentation.Process(hash.IPv6FragmentHash(h, extHdr.ID()), start, last, more, rawPayload.Buf)
+			// Note that pkt doesn't have its transport header set after reassembly,
+			// and won't until DeliverNetworkPacket sets it.
+			pkt.Data, ready, err = e.fragmentation.Process(hash.IPv6FragmentHash(h, extHdr.ID()), start, last, extHdr.More(), rawPayload.Buf)
 			if err != nil {
 				r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 				r.Stats().IP.MalformedFragmentsReceived.Increment()
@@ -394,10 +392,17 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
 		case header.IPv6RawPayloadHeader:
 			// If the last header in the payload isn't a known IPv6 extension header,
 			// handle it as if it is transport layer data.
+
+			// For unfragmented packets, extHdr still contains the transport header.
+			// Get rid of it.
+			//
+			// For reassembled fragments, pkt.TransportHeader is unset, so this is a
+			// no-op and pkt.Data begins with the transport header.
+			extHdr.Buf.TrimFront(len(pkt.TransportHeader))
 			pkt.Data = extHdr.Buf
 
 			if p := tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(extHdr.Identifier); p == header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber {
-				e.handleICMP(r, headerView, pkt, hasFragmentHeader)
+				e.handleICMP(r, pkt, hasFragmentHeader)
 			} else {
 				r.Stats().IP.PacketsDelivered.Increment()
 				// TODO(b/152019344): Send an ICMPv6 Parameter Problem, Code 1 error
@@ -505,6 +510,79 @@ func (*protocol) Close() {}
 // Wait implements stack.TransportProtocol.Wait.
 func (*protocol) Wait() {}
 
+// Parse implements stack.TransportProtocol.Parse.
+func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) (proto tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, hasTransportHdr bool, ok bool) {
+	hdr, ok := pkt.Data.PullUp(header.IPv6MinimumSize)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false, false
+	}
+	ipHdr := header.IPv6(hdr)
+
+	// dataClone consists of:
+	// - Any IPv6 header bytes after the first 40 (i.e. extensions).
+	// - The transport header, if present.
+	// - Any other payload data.
+	views := [8]buffer.View{}
+	dataClone := pkt.Data.Clone(views[:])
+	dataClone.TrimFront(header.IPv6MinimumSize)
+	it := header.MakeIPv6PayloadIterator(header.IPv6ExtensionHeaderIdentifier(ipHdr.NextHeader()), dataClone)
+
+	// Iterate over the IPv6 extensions to find their length.
+	//
+	// Parsing occurs again in HandlePacket because we don't track the
+	// extensions in PacketBuffer. Unfortunately, that means HandlePacket
+	// has to do the parsing work again.
+	var nextHdr tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber
+	foundNext := true
+	extensionsSize := 0
+traverseExtensions:
+	for extHdr, done, err := it.Next(); ; extHdr, done, err = it.Next() {
+		if err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+		// If we exhaust the extension list, the entire packet is the IPv6 header
+		// and (possibly) extensions.
+		if done {
+			extensionsSize = dataClone.Size()
+			foundNext = false
+			break
+		}
+
+		switch extHdr := extHdr.(type) {
+		case header.IPv6FragmentExtHdr:
+			// If this is an atomic fragment, we don't have to treat it specially.
+			if !extHdr.More() && extHdr.FragmentOffset() == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			// This is a non-atomic fragment and has to be re-assembled before we can
+			// examine the payload for a transport header.
+			foundNext = false
+
+		case header.IPv6RawPayloadHeader:
+			// We've found the payload after any extensions.
+			extensionsSize = dataClone.Size() - extHdr.Buf.Size()
+			nextHdr = tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(extHdr.Identifier)
+			break traverseExtensions
+
+		default:
+			// Any other extension is a no-op, keep looping until we find the payload.
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Put the IPv6 header with extensions in pkt.NetworkHeader.
+	hdr, ok = pkt.Data.PullUp(header.IPv6MinimumSize + extensionsSize)
+	if !ok {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("pkt.Data should have at least %d bytes, but only has %d.", header.IPv6MinimumSize+extensionsSize, pkt.Data.Size()))
+	}
+	ipHdr = header.IPv6(hdr)
+
+	pkt.NetworkHeader = hdr
+	pkt.Data.TrimFront(len(hdr))
+	pkt.Data.CapLength(int(ipHdr.PayloadLength()))
+
+	return nextHdr, foundNext, true
+}
+
 // calculateMTU calculates the network-layer payload MTU based on the link-layer
 // payload mtu.
 func calculateMTU(mtu uint32) uint32 {
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go
index 3c141b91b..64239ce9a 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ndp_test.go
@@ -551,25 +551,29 @@ func TestNDPValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		return s, ep, r
 	}
 
-	handleIPv6Payload := func(hdr buffer.Prependable, hopLimit uint8, atomicFragment bool, ep stack.NetworkEndpoint, r *stack.Route) {
+	handleIPv6Payload := func(payload buffer.View, hopLimit uint8, atomicFragment bool, ep stack.NetworkEndpoint, r *stack.Route) {
 		nextHdr := uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber)
+		var extensions buffer.View
 		if atomicFragment {
-			bytes := hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrLength)
-			bytes[0] = nextHdr
+			extensions = buffer.NewView(header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrLength)
+			extensions[0] = nextHdr
 			nextHdr = uint8(header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrIdentifier)
 		}
 
-		payloadLength := hdr.UsedLength()
-		ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+		ip := header.IPv6(buffer.NewView(header.IPv6MinimumSize + len(extensions)))
 		ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
-			PayloadLength: uint16(payloadLength),
+			PayloadLength: uint16(len(payload) + len(extensions)),
 			NextHeader:    nextHdr,
 			HopLimit:      hopLimit,
 			SrcAddr:       r.LocalAddress,
 			DstAddr:       r.RemoteAddress,
 		})
+		if n := copy(ip[header.IPv6MinimumSize:], extensions); n != len(extensions) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected to write %d bytes of extensions, but wrote %d", len(extensions), n)
+		}
 		ep.HandlePacket(r, &stack.PacketBuffer{
-			Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
+			NetworkHeader: buffer.View(ip),
+			Data:          payload.ToVectorisedView(),
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -676,14 +680,11 @@ func TestNDPValidation(t *testing.T) {
 					invalid := stats.Invalid
 					typStat := typ.statCounter(stats)
 
-					extraDataLen := len(typ.extraData)
-					hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize + typ.size + extraDataLen + header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrLength)
-					extraData := buffer.View(hdr.Prepend(extraDataLen))
-					copy(extraData, typ.extraData)
-					pkt := header.ICMPv6(hdr.Prepend(typ.size))
-					pkt.SetType(typ.typ)
-					pkt.SetCode(test.code)
-					pkt.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(pkt, r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, extraData.ToVectorisedView()))
+					icmp := header.ICMPv6(buffer.NewView(typ.size + len(typ.extraData)))
+					copy(icmp[typ.size:], typ.extraData)
+					icmp.SetType(typ.typ)
+					icmp.SetCode(test.code)
+					icmp.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(icmp[:typ.size], r.LocalAddress, r.RemoteAddress, buffer.View(typ.extraData).ToVectorisedView()))
 
 					// Rx count of the NDP message should initially be 0.
 					if got := typStat.Value(); got != 0 {
@@ -699,7 +700,7 @@ func TestNDPValidation(t *testing.T) {
 						t.FailNow()
 					}
 
-					handleIPv6Payload(hdr, test.hopLimit, test.atomicFragment, ep, &r)
+					handleIPv6Payload(buffer.View(icmp), test.hopLimit, test.atomicFragment, ep, &r)
 
 					// Rx count of the NDP packet should have increased.
 					if got := typStat.Value(); got != 1 {