Handle IPv6 Fragment & Routing extension headers

Enables the reassembly of fragmented IPv6 packets and handling of the
Routing extension header with a Segments Left value of 0. Atomic
fragments are handled as described in RFC 6946 to not interfere with
"normal" fragment traffic. No specific routing header type is supported.

Note, the stack does not yet support sending ICMPv6 error messages in
response to IPv6 packets that cannot be handled/parsed. That will come
in a later change (Issue #2211).

Test:
- header_test.TestIPv6RoutingExtHdr
- header_test.TestIPv6FragmentExtHdr
- header_test.TestIPv6ExtHdrIterErr
- header_test.TestIPv6ExtHdrIter
- ipv6_test.TestReceiveIPv6ExtHdrs
- ipv6_test.TestReceiveIPv6Fragments

RELNOTES: n/a
PiperOrigin-RevId: 303189584

3 files changed, 888 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/BUILD b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/BUILD
index fb11874c6..a93a7621a 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/BUILD
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/tcpip",
         "//pkg/tcpip/buffer",
         "//pkg/tcpip/header",
+        "//pkg/tcpip/network/fragmentation",
+        "//pkg/tcpip/network/hash",
         "//pkg/tcpip/stack",
     ],
 )
@@ -36,5 +38,6 @@ go_test(
         "//pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp",
         "//pkg/tcpip/transport/udp",
         "//pkg/waiter",
+        "@com_github_google_go-cmp//cmp:go_default_library",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
index 29e597002..a703a768c 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6.go
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@
 package ipv6
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/fragmentation"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/hash"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
 )
 
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ type endpoint struct {
 	linkEP        stack.LinkEndpoint
 	linkAddrCache stack.LinkAddressCache
 	dispatcher    stack.TransportDispatcher
+	fragmentation *fragmentation.Fragmentation
 	protocol      *protocol
 }
 
@@ -172,6 +176,7 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	headerView := pkt.Data.First()
 	h := header.IPv6(headerView)
 	if !h.IsValid(pkt.Data.Size()) {
+		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -179,14 +184,120 @@ func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(r *stack.Route, pkt stack.PacketBuffer) {
 	pkt.Data.TrimFront(header.IPv6MinimumSize)
 	pkt.Data.CapLength(int(h.PayloadLength()))
 
-	p := h.TransportProtocol()
-	if p == header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber {
-		e.handleICMP(r, headerView, pkt)
+	it, err := header.MakeIPv6PayloadIterator(header.IPv6ExtensionHeaderIdentifier(h.NextHeader()), pkt.Data, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
 		return
 	}
 
-	r.Stats().IP.PacketsDelivered.Increment()
-	e.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, p, pkt)
+	for {
+		extHdr, done, err := it.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			// This should never happen as MakeIPv6PayloadIterator above did not
+			// return an error.
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unexpected error when iterating over IPv6 payload: %s", err))
+		}
+		if done {
+			break
+		}
+
+		switch extHdr := extHdr.(type) {
+		case header.IPv6RoutingExtHdr:
+			// As per RFC 8200 section 4.4, if a node encounters a routing header with
+			// an unrecognized routing type value, with a non-zero Segments Left
+			// value, the node must discard the packet and send an ICMP Parameter
+			// Problem, Code 0. If the Segments Left is 0, the node must ignore the
+			// Routing extension header and process the next header in the packet.
+			//
+			// Note, the stack does not yet handle any type of routing extension
+			// header, so we just make sure Segments Left is zero before processing
+			// the next extension header.
+			//
+			// TODO(b/152019344): Send an ICMPv6 Parameter Problem Code 0 for
+			// unrecognized routing types with a non-zero Segments Left value.
+			if extHdr.SegmentsLeft() != 0 {
+				return
+			}
+
+		case header.IPv6FragmentExtHdr:
+			fragmentOffset := extHdr.FragmentOffset()
+			more := extHdr.More()
+			if !more && fragmentOffset == 0 {
+				// This fragment extension header indicates that this packet is an
+				// atomic fragment. An atomic fragment is a fragment that contains
+				// all the data required to reassemble a full packet. As per RFC 6946,
+				// atomic fragments must not interfere with "normal" fragmented traffic
+				// so we skip processing the fragment instead of feeding it through the
+				// reassembly process below.
+				continue
+			}
+
+			rawPayload := it.AsRawHeader()
+			fragmentPayloadLen := rawPayload.Buf.Size()
+			if fragmentPayloadLen == 0 {
+				// Drop the packet as it's marked as a fragment but has no payload.
+				r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
+				r.Stats().IP.MalformedFragmentsReceived.Increment()
+				return
+			}
+
+			// The packet is a fragment, let's try to reassemble it.
+			start := fragmentOffset * header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrFragmentOffsetBytesPerUnit
+			last := start + uint16(fragmentPayloadLen) - 1
+
+			// Drop the packet if the fragmentOffset is incorrect. i.e the
+			// combination of fragmentOffset and pkt.Data.size() causes a
+			// wrap around resulting in last being less than the offset.
+			if last < start {
+				r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
+				r.Stats().IP.MalformedFragmentsReceived.Increment()
+				return
+			}
+
+			var ready bool
+			pkt.Data, ready, err = e.fragmentation.Process(hash.IPv6FragmentHash(h, extHdr.ID()), start, last, more, rawPayload.Buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
+				r.Stats().IP.MalformedFragmentsReceived.Increment()
+				return
+			}
+
+			if ready {
+				// We create a new iterator with the reassembled packet because we could
+				// have more extension headers in the reassembled payload, as per RFC
+				// 8200 section 4.5.
+				it, err = header.MakeIPv6PayloadIterator(rawPayload.Identifier, pkt.Data, true)
+				if err != nil {
+					r.Stats().IP.MalformedPacketsReceived.Increment()
+					r.Stats().IP.MalformedFragmentsReceived.Increment()
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+		case header.IPv6RawPayloadHeader:
+			// If the last header in the payload isn't a known IPv6 extension header,
+			// handle it as if it is transport layer data.
+			pkt.Data = extHdr.Buf
+
+			if p := tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber(extHdr.Identifier); p == header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber {
+				e.handleICMP(r, headerView, pkt)
+			} else {
+				r.Stats().IP.PacketsDelivered.Increment()
+				// TODO(b/152019344): Send an ICMPv6 Parameter Problem, Code 1 error
+				// in response to unrecognized next header values.
+				e.dispatcher.DeliverTransportPacket(r, p, pkt)
+			}
+
+		default:
+			// If we receive a packet for an extension header we do not yet handle,
+			// drop the packet for now.
+			//
+			// TODO(b/152019344): Send an ICMPv6 Parameter Problem, Code 1 error
+			// in response to unrecognized next header values.
+			r.Stats().UnknownProtocolRcvdPackets.Increment()
+			return
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // Close cleans up resources associated with the endpoint.
@@ -229,6 +340,7 @@ func (p *protocol) NewEndpoint(nicID tcpip.NICID, addrWithPrefix tcpip.AddressWi
 		linkEP:        linkEP,
 		linkAddrCache: linkAddrCache,
 		dispatcher:    dispatcher,
+		fragmentation: fragmentation.NewFragmentation(fragmentation.HighFragThreshold, fragmentation.LowFragThreshold, fragmentation.DefaultReassembleTimeout),
 		protocol:      p,
 	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go
index ed98ef22a..86bfda85e 100644
--- a/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6/ipv6_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package ipv6
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
@@ -33,6 +34,12 @@ const (
 	// The least significant 3 bytes are the same as addr2 so both addr2 and
 	// addr3 will have the same solicited-node address.
 	addr3 = "\x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x02"
+
+	// Tests use the extension header identifier values as uint8 instead of
+	// header.IPv6ExtensionHeaderIdentifier.
+	routingExtHdrID  = uint8(header.IPv6RoutingExtHdrIdentifier)
+	fragmentExtHdrID = uint8(header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrIdentifier)
+	noNextHdrID      = uint8(header.IPv6NoNextHeaderIdentifier)
 )
 
 // testReceiveICMP tests receiving an ICMP packet from src to dst. want is the
@@ -268,3 +275,764 @@ func TestAddIpv6Address(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestReceiveIPv6ExtHdrs(t *testing.T) {
+	const nicID = 1
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		extHdr       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8)
+		shouldAccept bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "None",
+			extHdr:       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) { return []byte{}, nextHdr },
+			shouldAccept: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "routing with zero segments left",
+			extHdr:       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) { return []byte{nextHdr, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5}, routingExtHdrID },
+			shouldAccept: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "routing with non-zero segments left",
+			extHdr:       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) { return []byte{nextHdr, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, routingExtHdrID },
+			shouldAccept: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "atomic fragment with zero ID",
+			extHdr:       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) { return []byte{nextHdr, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, fragmentExtHdrID },
+			shouldAccept: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "atomic fragment with non-zero ID",
+			extHdr:       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) { return []byte{nextHdr, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, fragmentExtHdrID },
+			shouldAccept: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "fragment",
+			extHdr:       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) { return []byte{nextHdr, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, fragmentExtHdrID },
+			shouldAccept: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "routing - atomic fragment",
+			extHdr: func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) {
+				return []byte{
+					// Routing extension header.
+					fragmentExtHdrID, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5,
+
+					// Fragment extension header.
+					nextHdr, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
+				}, routingExtHdrID
+			},
+			shouldAccept: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "atomic fragment - routing",
+			extHdr: func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) {
+				return []byte{
+					// Fragment extension header.
+					routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
+
+					// Routing extension header.
+					nextHdr, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5,
+				}, fragmentExtHdrID
+			},
+			shouldAccept: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "No next header",
+			extHdr:       func(nextHdr uint8) ([]byte, uint8) { return []byte{}, noNextHdrID },
+			shouldAccept: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := stack.New(stack.Options{
+				NetworkProtocols:   []stack.NetworkProtocol{NewProtocol()},
+				TransportProtocols: []stack.TransportProtocol{udp.NewProtocol()},
+			})
+			e := channel.New(0, 1280, linkAddr1)
+			if err := s.CreateNIC(nicID, e); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("CreateNIC(%d, _) = %s", nicID, err)
+			}
+			if err := s.AddAddress(nicID, ProtocolNumber, addr2); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("AddAddress(%d, %d, %s) = %s", nicID, ProtocolNumber, addr2, err)
+			}
+
+			wq := waiter.Queue{}
+			we, ch := waiter.NewChannelEntry(nil)
+			wq.EventRegister(&we, waiter.EventIn)
+			defer wq.EventUnregister(&we)
+			defer close(ch)
+			ep, err := s.NewEndpoint(udp.ProtocolNumber, ProtocolNumber, &wq)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("NewEndpoint(%d, %d, _): %s", udp.ProtocolNumber, ProtocolNumber, err)
+			}
+			defer ep.Close()
+
+			bindAddr := tcpip.FullAddress{Addr: addr2, Port: 80}
+			if err := ep.Bind(bindAddr); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Bind(%+v): %s", bindAddr, err)
+			}
+
+			udpPayload := []byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
+			udpLength := header.UDPMinimumSize + len(udpPayload)
+			extHdrBytes, ipv6NextHdr := test.extHdr(uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber))
+			extHdrLen := len(extHdrBytes)
+			hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize + extHdrLen + udpLength)
+
+			// Serialize UDP message.
+			u := header.UDP(hdr.Prepend(udpLength))
+			u.Encode(&header.UDPFields{
+				SrcPort: 5555,
+				DstPort: 80,
+				Length:  uint16(udpLength),
+			})
+			copy(u.Payload(), udpPayload)
+			sum := header.PseudoHeaderChecksum(udp.ProtocolNumber, addr1, addr2, uint16(udpLength))
+			sum = header.Checksum(udpPayload, sum)
+			u.SetChecksum(^u.CalculateChecksum(sum))
+
+			// Copy extension header bytes between the UDP message and the IPv6
+			// fixed header.
+			copy(hdr.Prepend(extHdrLen), extHdrBytes)
+
+			// Serialize IPv6 fixed header.
+			payloadLength := hdr.UsedLength()
+			ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+			ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
+				PayloadLength: uint16(payloadLength),
+				NextHeader:    ipv6NextHdr,
+				HopLimit:      255,
+				SrcAddr:       addr1,
+				DstAddr:       addr2,
+			})
+
+			e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.PacketBuffer{
+				Data: hdr.View().ToVectorisedView(),
+			})
+
+			stats := s.Stats().UDP.PacketsReceived
+
+			if !test.shouldAccept {
+				if got := stats.Value(); got != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("got UDP Rx Packets = %d, want = 0", got)
+				}
+
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Expect a UDP packet.
+			if got := stats.Value(); got != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("got UDP Rx Packets = %d, want = 1", got)
+			}
+			gotPayload, _, err := ep.Read(nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Read(nil): %s", err)
+			}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(buffer.View(udpPayload), gotPayload); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("got UDP payload mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+
+			// Should not have any more UDP packets.
+			if gotPayload, _, err := ep.Read(nil); err != tcpip.ErrWouldBlock {
+				t.Fatalf("got Read(nil) = (%x, _, %v), want = (_, _, %s)", gotPayload, err, tcpip.ErrWouldBlock)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// fragmentData holds the IPv6 payload for a fragmented IPv6 packet.
+type fragmentData struct {
+	nextHdr uint8
+	data    buffer.VectorisedView
+}
+
+func TestReceiveIPv6Fragments(t *testing.T) {
+	const nicID = 1
+	const udpPayload1Length = 256
+	const udpPayload2Length = 128
+	const fragmentExtHdrLen = 8
+	// Note, not all routing extension headers will be 8 bytes but this test
+	// uses 8 byte routing extension headers for most sub tests.
+	const routingExtHdrLen = 8
+
+	udpGen := func(payload []byte, multiplier uint8) buffer.View {
+		payloadLen := len(payload)
+		for i := 0; i < payloadLen; i++ {
+			payload[i] = uint8(i) * multiplier
+		}
+
+		udpLength := header.UDPMinimumSize + payloadLen
+
+		hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(udpLength)
+		u := header.UDP(hdr.Prepend(udpLength))
+		u.Encode(&header.UDPFields{
+			SrcPort: 5555,
+			DstPort: 80,
+			Length:  uint16(udpLength),
+		})
+		copy(u.Payload(), payload)
+		sum := header.PseudoHeaderChecksum(udp.ProtocolNumber, addr1, addr2, uint16(udpLength))
+		sum = header.Checksum(payload, sum)
+		u.SetChecksum(^u.CalculateChecksum(sum))
+		return hdr.View()
+	}
+
+	var udpPayload1Buf [udpPayload1Length]byte
+	udpPayload1 := udpPayload1Buf[:]
+	ipv6Payload1 := udpGen(udpPayload1, 1)
+
+	var udpPayload2Buf [udpPayload2Length]byte
+	udpPayload2 := udpPayload2Buf[:]
+	ipv6Payload2 := udpGen(udpPayload2, 2)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		expectedPayload  []byte
+		fragments        []fragmentData
+		expectedPayloads [][]byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "No fragmentation",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber),
+					data:    ipv6Payload1.ToVectorisedView(),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Atomic fragment",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1),
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1,
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 8, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 64, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with different IDs",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 8, More = false, ID = 2
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 64, 0, 0, 0, 2}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with per-fragment routing header with zero segments left",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: routingExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						routingExtHdrLen+fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Routing extension header.
+							//
+							// Segments left = 0.
+							buffer.View([]byte{fragmentExtHdrID, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: routingExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						routingExtHdrLen+fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Routing extension header.
+							//
+							// Segments left = 0.
+							buffer.View([]byte{fragmentExtHdrID, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 8, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 64, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with per-fragment routing header with non-zero segments left",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: routingExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						routingExtHdrLen+fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Routing extension header.
+							//
+							// Segments left = 1.
+							buffer.View([]byte{fragmentExtHdrID, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: routingExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						routingExtHdrLen+fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Routing extension header.
+							//
+							// Segments left = 1.
+							buffer.View([]byte{fragmentExtHdrID, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 9, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 72, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with routing header with zero segments left",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						routingExtHdrLen+fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							// Routing extension header.
+							//
+							// Segments left = 0.
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 9, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 72, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with routing header with non-zero segments left",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						routingExtHdrLen+fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							// Routing extension header.
+							//
+							// Segments left = 1.
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 9, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 72, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with routing header with zero segments left across fragments",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						// The length of this payload is fragmentExtHdrLen+8 because the
+						// first 8 bytes of the 16 byte routing extension header is in
+						// this fragment.
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+8,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							// Routing extension header (part 1)
+							//
+							// Segments left = 0.
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 1, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						// The length of this payload is
+						// fragmentExtHdrLen+8+len(ipv6Payload1) because the last 8 bytes of
+						// the 16 byte routing extension header is in this fagment.
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+8+len(ipv6Payload1),
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 1, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							// Routing extension header (part 2)
+							buffer.View([]byte{6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1,
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with routing header with non-zero segments left across fragments",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						// The length of this payload is fragmentExtHdrLen+8 because the
+						// first 8 bytes of the 16 byte routing extension header is in
+						// this fragment.
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+8,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							// Routing extension header (part 1)
+							//
+							// Segments left = 1.
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						// The length of this payload is
+						// fragmentExtHdrLen+8+len(ipv6Payload1) because the last 8 bytes of
+						// the 16 byte routing extension header is in this fagment.
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+8+len(ipv6Payload1),
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 1, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{routingExtHdrID, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							// Routing extension header (part 2)
+							buffer.View([]byte{6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1,
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: nil,
+		},
+		// As per RFC 6946, IPv6 atomic fragments MUST NOT interfere with "normal"
+		// fragmented traffic.
+		{
+			name: "Two fragments with atomic",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				// This fragment has the same ID as the other fragments but is an atomic
+				// fragment. It should not interfere with the other fragments.
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload2),
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload2,
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 8, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 64, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload2, udpPayload1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Two interleaved fragmented packets",
+			fragments: []fragmentData{
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[:64],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+32,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 0, More = true, ID = 2
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2}),
+
+							ipv6Payload2[:32],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload1)-64,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 8, More = false, ID = 1
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 64, 0, 0, 0, 1}),
+
+							ipv6Payload1[64:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+				{
+					nextHdr: fragmentExtHdrID,
+					data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(
+						fragmentExtHdrLen+len(ipv6Payload2)-32,
+						[]buffer.View{
+							// Fragment extension header.
+							//
+							// Fragment offset = 4, More = false, ID = 2
+							buffer.View([]byte{uint8(header.UDPProtocolNumber), 0, 0, 32, 0, 0, 0, 2}),
+
+							ipv6Payload2[32:],
+						},
+					),
+				},
+			},
+			expectedPayloads: [][]byte{udpPayload1, udpPayload2},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := stack.New(stack.Options{
+				NetworkProtocols:   []stack.NetworkProtocol{NewProtocol()},
+				TransportProtocols: []stack.TransportProtocol{udp.NewProtocol()},
+			})
+			e := channel.New(0, 1280, linkAddr1)
+			if err := s.CreateNIC(nicID, e); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("CreateNIC(%d, _) = %s", nicID, err)
+			}
+			if err := s.AddAddress(nicID, ProtocolNumber, addr2); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("AddAddress(%d, %d, %s) = %s", nicID, ProtocolNumber, addr2, err)
+			}
+
+			wq := waiter.Queue{}
+			we, ch := waiter.NewChannelEntry(nil)
+			wq.EventRegister(&we, waiter.EventIn)
+			defer wq.EventUnregister(&we)
+			defer close(ch)
+			ep, err := s.NewEndpoint(udp.ProtocolNumber, ProtocolNumber, &wq)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("NewEndpoint(%d, %d, _): %s", udp.ProtocolNumber, ProtocolNumber, err)
+			}
+			defer ep.Close()
+
+			bindAddr := tcpip.FullAddress{Addr: addr2, Port: 80}
+			if err := ep.Bind(bindAddr); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Bind(%+v): %s", bindAddr, err)
+			}
+
+			for _, f := range test.fragments {
+				hdr := buffer.NewPrependable(header.IPv6MinimumSize)
+
+				// Serialize IPv6 fixed header.
+				ip := header.IPv6(hdr.Prepend(header.IPv6MinimumSize))
+				ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
+					PayloadLength: uint16(f.data.Size()),
+					NextHeader:    f.nextHdr,
+					HopLimit:      255,
+					SrcAddr:       addr1,
+					DstAddr:       addr2,
+				})
+
+				vv := hdr.View().ToVectorisedView()
+				vv.Append(f.data)
+
+				e.InjectInbound(ProtocolNumber, stack.PacketBuffer{
+					Data: vv,
+				})
+			}
+
+			if got, want := s.Stats().UDP.PacketsReceived.Value(), uint64(len(test.expectedPayloads)); got != want {
+				t.Errorf("got UDP Rx Packets = %d, want = %d", got, want)
+			}
+
+			for i, p := range test.expectedPayloads {
+				gotPayload, _, err := ep.Read(nil)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("(i=%d) Read(nil): %s", i, err)
+				}
+				if diff := cmp.Diff(buffer.View(p), gotPayload); diff != "" {
+					t.Errorf("(i=%d) got UDP payload mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", i, diff)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if gotPayload, _, err := ep.Read(nil); err != tcpip.ErrWouldBlock {
+				t.Fatalf("(last) got Read(nil) = (%x, _, %v), want = (_, _, %s)", gotPayload, err, tcpip.ErrWouldBlock)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}