Merge branch 'master' into ip-forwarding

- Merges aleksej-paschenko's with HEAD
- Adds vfs2 support for ip_forward

91 files changed, 3260 insertions, 1243 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/BUILD
index e041c51b3..5416a310d 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/BUILD
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//proto:def.bzl", "go_proto_library")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_test")
-load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_proto_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "go_test", "proto_library")
 load("//tools/go_generics:defs.bzl", "go_template_instance")
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -35,7 +32,7 @@ go_template_instance(
     out = "seqatomic_taskgoroutineschedinfo_unsafe.go",
     package = "kernel",
     suffix = "TaskGoroutineSchedInfo",
-    template = "//third_party/gvsync:generic_seqatomic",
+    template = "//pkg/sync:generic_seqatomic",
     types = {
         "Value": "TaskGoroutineSchedInfo",
     },
@@ -78,36 +75,24 @@ go_template_instance(
 )
 
 proto_library(
-    name = "uncaught_signal_proto",
+    name = "uncaught_signal",
     srcs = ["uncaught_signal.proto"],
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
     deps = ["//pkg/sentry/arch:registers_proto"],
 )
 
-cc_proto_library(
-    name = "uncaught_signal_cc_proto",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-    deps = [":uncaught_signal_proto"],
-)
-
-go_proto_library(
-    name = "uncaught_signal_go_proto",
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/uncaught_signal_go_proto",
-    proto = ":uncaught_signal_proto",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-    deps = ["//pkg/sentry/arch:registers_go_proto"],
-)
-
 go_library(
     name = "kernel",
     srcs = [
         "abstract_socket_namespace.go",
+        "aio.go",
         "context.go",
         "fd_table.go",
         "fd_table_unsafe.go",
         "fs_context.go",
         "ipc_namespace.go",
         "kernel.go",
+        "kernel_opts.go",
         "kernel_state.go",
         "pending_signals.go",
         "pending_signals_list.go",
@@ -147,6 +132,7 @@ go_library(
         "task_stop.go",
         "task_syscall.go",
         "task_usermem.go",
+        "task_work.go",
         "thread_group.go",
         "threads.go",
         "timekeeper.go",
@@ -156,7 +142,6 @@ go_library(
         "vdso.go",
         "version.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel",
     imports = [
         "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/bpf",
         "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/device",
@@ -171,18 +156,27 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/binary",
         "//pkg/bits",
         "//pkg/bpf",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/cpuid",
         "//pkg/eventchannel",
+        "//pkg/fspath",
         "//pkg/log",
         "//pkg/metric",
         "//pkg/refs",
+        "//pkg/refs_vfs2",
+        "//pkg/safemem",
         "//pkg/secio",
         "//pkg/sentry/arch",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/device",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/lock",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/timerfd",
+        "//pkg/sentry/fsbridge",
+        "//pkg/sentry/fsimpl/kernfs",
+        "//pkg/sentry/fsimpl/pipefs",
+        "//pkg/sentry/fsimpl/sockfs",
+        "//pkg/sentry/fsimpl/timerfd",
+        "//pkg/sentry/fsimpl/tmpfs",
         "//pkg/sentry/hostcpu",
         "//pkg/sentry/inet",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/auth",
@@ -198,7 +192,6 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/sentry/mm",
         "//pkg/sentry/pgalloc",
         "//pkg/sentry/platform",
-        "//pkg/sentry/safemem",
         "//pkg/sentry/socket/netlink/port",
         "//pkg/sentry/socket/unix/transport",
         "//pkg/sentry/time",
@@ -206,15 +199,18 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/sentry/unimpl:unimplemented_syscall_go_proto",
         "//pkg/sentry/uniqueid",
         "//pkg/sentry/usage",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sentry/vfs",
         "//pkg/state",
         "//pkg/state/statefile",
+        "//pkg/state/wire",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserr",
         "//pkg/syserror",
         "//pkg/tcpip",
         "//pkg/tcpip/stack",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
         "//pkg/waiter",
-        "//third_party/gvsync",
+        "//tools/go_marshal/marshal",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -227,12 +223,12 @@ go_test(
         "task_test.go",
         "timekeeper_test.go",
     ],
-    embed = [":kernel"],
+    library = ":kernel",
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/arch",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context/contexttest",
+        "//pkg/sentry/contexttest",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/filetest",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/sched",
@@ -240,7 +236,8 @@ go_test(
         "//pkg/sentry/pgalloc",
         "//pkg/sentry/time",
         "//pkg/sentry/usage",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/abstract_socket_namespace.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/abstract_socket_namespace.go
index 244655b5c..1b9721534 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/abstract_socket_namespace.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/abstract_socket_namespace.go
@@ -15,28 +15,21 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"sync"
+	"fmt"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs_vfs2"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/socket/unix/transport"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 // +stateify savable
 type abstractEndpoint struct {
-	ep   transport.BoundEndpoint
-	wr   *refs.WeakRef
-	name string
-	ns   *AbstractSocketNamespace
-}
-
-// WeakRefGone implements refs.WeakRefUser.WeakRefGone.
-func (e *abstractEndpoint) WeakRefGone() {
-	e.ns.mu.Lock()
-	if e.ns.endpoints[e.name].ep == e.ep {
-		delete(e.ns.endpoints, e.name)
-	}
-	e.ns.mu.Unlock()
+	ep     transport.BoundEndpoint
+	socket refs_vfs2.RefCounter
+	name   string
+	ns     *AbstractSocketNamespace
 }
 
 // AbstractSocketNamespace is used to implement the Linux abstract socket functionality.
@@ -45,7 +38,11 @@ func (e *abstractEndpoint) WeakRefGone() {
 type AbstractSocketNamespace struct {
 	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
 
-	// Keeps mapping from name to endpoint.
+	// Keeps a mapping from name to endpoint. AbstractSocketNamespace does not hold
+	// any references on any sockets that it contains; when retrieving a socket,
+	// TryIncRef() must be called in case the socket is concurrently being
+	// destroyed. It is the responsibility of the socket to remove itself from the
+	// abstract socket namespace when it is destroyed.
 	endpoints map[string]abstractEndpoint
 }
 
@@ -57,16 +54,16 @@ func NewAbstractSocketNamespace() *AbstractSocketNamespace {
 }
 
 // A boundEndpoint wraps a transport.BoundEndpoint to maintain a reference on
-// its backing object.
+// its backing socket.
 type boundEndpoint struct {
 	transport.BoundEndpoint
-	rc refs.RefCounter
+	socket refs_vfs2.RefCounter
 }
 
 // Release implements transport.BoundEndpoint.Release.
-func (e *boundEndpoint) Release() {
-	e.rc.DecRef()
-	e.BoundEndpoint.Release()
+func (e *boundEndpoint) Release(ctx context.Context) {
+	e.socket.DecRef(ctx)
+	e.BoundEndpoint.Release(ctx)
 }
 
 // BoundEndpoint retrieves the endpoint bound to the given name. The return
@@ -80,32 +77,59 @@ func (a *AbstractSocketNamespace) BoundEndpoint(name string) transport.BoundEndp
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	rc := ep.wr.Get()
-	if rc == nil {
-		delete(a.endpoints, name)
+	if !ep.socket.TryIncRef() {
+		// The socket has reached zero references and is being destroyed.
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return &boundEndpoint{ep.ep, rc}
+	return &boundEndpoint{ep.ep, ep.socket}
 }
 
 // Bind binds the given socket.
 //
-// When the last reference managed by rc is dropped, ep may be removed from the
+// When the last reference managed by socket is dropped, ep may be removed from the
 // namespace.
-func (a *AbstractSocketNamespace) Bind(name string, ep transport.BoundEndpoint, rc refs.RefCounter) error {
+func (a *AbstractSocketNamespace) Bind(ctx context.Context, name string, ep transport.BoundEndpoint, socket refs_vfs2.RefCounter) error {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	defer a.mu.Unlock()
 
+	// Check if there is already a socket (which has not yet been destroyed) bound at name.
 	if ep, ok := a.endpoints[name]; ok {
-		if rc := ep.wr.Get(); rc != nil {
-			rc.DecRef()
+		if ep.socket.TryIncRef() {
+			ep.socket.DecRef(ctx)
 			return syscall.EADDRINUSE
 		}
 	}
 
 	ae := abstractEndpoint{ep: ep, name: name, ns: a}
-	ae.wr = refs.NewWeakRef(rc, &ae)
+	ae.socket = socket
 	a.endpoints[name] = ae
 	return nil
 }
+
+// Remove removes the specified socket at name from the abstract socket
+// namespace, if it has not yet been replaced.
+func (a *AbstractSocketNamespace) Remove(name string, socket refs_vfs2.RefCounter) {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ep, ok := a.endpoints[name]
+	if !ok {
+		// We never delete a map entry apart from a socket's destructor (although the
+		// map entry may be overwritten). Therefore, a socket should exist, even if it
+		// may not be the one we expect.
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("expected socket to exist at '%s' in abstract socket namespace", name))
+	}
+
+	// A Bind() operation may race with callers of Remove(), e.g. in the
+	// following case:
+	//   socket1 reaches zero references and begins destruction
+	//   a.Bind("foo", ep, socket2) replaces socket1 with socket2
+	//   socket1's destructor calls a.Remove("foo", socket1)
+	//
+	// Therefore, we need to check that the socket at name is what we expect
+	// before modifying the map.
+	if ep.socket == socket {
+		delete(a.endpoints, name)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/aio.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/aio.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ac78c0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/aio.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package kernel
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
+)
+
+// AIOCallback is an function that does asynchronous I/O on behalf of a task.
+type AIOCallback func(context.Context)
+
+// QueueAIO queues an AIOCallback which will be run asynchronously.
+func (t *Task) QueueAIO(cb AIOCallback) {
+	ctx := taskAsyncContext{t: t}
+	wg := &t.TaskSet().aioGoroutines
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		cb(ctx)
+		wg.Done()
+	}()
+}
+
+type taskAsyncContext struct {
+	context.NoopSleeper
+	t *Task
+}
+
+// Debugf implements log.Logger.Debugf.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Debugf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	ctx.t.Debugf(format, v...)
+}
+
+// Infof implements log.Logger.Infof.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Infof(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	ctx.t.Infof(format, v...)
+}
+
+// Warningf implements log.Logger.Warningf.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Warningf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	ctx.t.Warningf(format, v...)
+}
+
+// IsLogging implements log.Logger.IsLogging.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) IsLogging(level log.Level) bool {
+	return ctx.t.IsLogging(level)
+}
+
+// Deadline implements context.Context.Deadline.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Deadline() (time.Time, bool) {
+	return ctx.t.Deadline()
+}
+
+// Done implements context.Context.Done.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	return ctx.t.Done()
+}
+
+// Err implements context.Context.Err.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Err() error {
+	return ctx.t.Err()
+}
+
+// Value implements context.Context.Value.
+func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
+	return ctx.t.Value(key)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/BUILD
index 51de4568a..2bc49483a 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/BUILD
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 load("//tools/go_generics:defs.bzl", "go_template_instance")
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ go_template_instance(
     out = "atomicptr_credentials_unsafe.go",
     package = "auth",
     suffix = "Credentials",
-    template = "//third_party/gvsync:generic_atomicptr",
+    template = "//pkg/sync:generic_atomicptr",
     types = {
         "Value": "Credentials",
     },
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ go_library(
         "id_map_set.go",
         "user_namespace.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
         "//pkg/bits",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/log",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/context.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/context.go
index 5c0e7d6b6..ef5723127 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/context.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/context.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 )
 
 // contextID is the auth package's type for context.Context.Value keys.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/credentials.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/credentials.go
index e057d2c6d..6862f2ef5 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/credentials.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/credentials.go
@@ -232,3 +232,31 @@ func (c *Credentials) UseGID(gid GID) (KGID, error) {
 	}
 	return NoID, syserror.EPERM
 }
+
+// SetUID translates the provided uid to the root user namespace and updates c's
+// uids to it. This performs no permissions or capabilities checks, the caller
+// is responsible for ensuring the calling context is permitted to modify c.
+func (c *Credentials) SetUID(uid UID) error {
+	kuid := c.UserNamespace.MapToKUID(uid)
+	if !kuid.Ok() {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	c.RealKUID = kuid
+	c.EffectiveKUID = kuid
+	c.SavedKUID = kuid
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetGID translates the provided gid to the root user namespace and updates c's
+// gids to it. This performs no permissions or capabilities checks, the caller
+// is responsible for ensuring the calling context is permitted to modify c.
+func (c *Credentials) SetGID(gid GID) error {
+	kgid := c.UserNamespace.MapToKGID(gid)
+	if !kgid.Ok() {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	c.RealKGID = kgid
+	c.EffectiveKGID = kgid
+	c.SavedKGID = kgid
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/id_map.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/id_map.go
index 3d74bc610..28cbe159d 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/id_map.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/id_map.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ package auth
 
 import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/user_namespace.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/user_namespace.go
index af28ccc65..9dd52c860 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/user_namespace.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth/user_namespace.go
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ package auth
 
 import (
 	"math"
-	"sync"
 
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/context.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/context.go
index e3f5b0d83..dd5f0f5fa 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/context.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/context.go
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"time"
+
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 )
 
 // contextID is the kernel package's type for context.Context.Value keys.
@@ -97,39 +98,17 @@ func TaskFromContext(ctx context.Context) *Task {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// AsyncContext returns a context.Context that may be used by goroutines that
-// do work on behalf of t and therefore share its contextual values, but are
-// not t's task goroutine (e.g. asynchronous I/O).
-func (t *Task) AsyncContext() context.Context {
-	return taskAsyncContext{t: t}
-}
-
-type taskAsyncContext struct {
-	context.NoopSleeper
-	t *Task
+// Deadline implements context.Context.Deadline.
+func (*Task) Deadline() (time.Time, bool) {
+	return time.Time{}, false
 }
 
-// Debugf implements log.Logger.Debugf.
-func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Debugf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
-	ctx.t.Debugf(format, v...)
-}
-
-// Infof implements log.Logger.Infof.
-func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Infof(format string, v ...interface{}) {
-	ctx.t.Infof(format, v...)
-}
-
-// Warningf implements log.Logger.Warningf.
-func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Warningf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
-	ctx.t.Warningf(format, v...)
-}
-
-// IsLogging implements log.Logger.IsLogging.
-func (ctx taskAsyncContext) IsLogging(level log.Level) bool {
-	return ctx.t.IsLogging(level)
+// Done implements context.Context.Done.
+func (*Task) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	return nil
 }
 
-// Value implements context.Context.Value.
-func (ctx taskAsyncContext) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
-	return ctx.t.Value(key)
+// Err implements context.Context.Err.
+func (*Task) Err() error {
+	return nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/BUILD
index 3a88a585c..9d26392c0 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/BUILD
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ go_library(
     name = "contexttest",
     testonly = 1,
     srcs = ["contexttest.go"],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context/contexttest",
+        "//pkg/context",
+        "//pkg/sentry/contexttest",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel",
         "//pkg/sentry/pgalloc",
         "//pkg/sentry/platform",
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/contexttest.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/contexttest.go
index 82f9d8922..22c340e56 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/contexttest.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/contexttest/contexttest.go
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ package contexttest
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/pgalloc"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/platform"
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/BUILD
index 3361e8b7d..75eedd5a2 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/BUILD
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_test")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 load("//tools/go_generics:defs.bzl", "go_template_instance")
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -23,15 +22,16 @@ go_library(
         "epoll_list.go",
         "epoll_state.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
+        "//pkg/abi/linux",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/refs",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/anon",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sync",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
 )
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ go_test(
     srcs = [
         "epoll_test.go",
     ],
-    embed = [":epoll"],
+    library = ":epoll",
     deps = [
-        "//pkg/sentry/context/contexttest",
+        "//pkg/sentry/contexttest",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/filetest",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll.go
index 9c0a4e1b4..15519f0df 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll.go
@@ -18,31 +18,19 @@ package epoll
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/anon"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
-// Event describes the event mask that was observed and the user data to be
-// returned when one of the events occurs. It has this format to match the linux
-// format to avoid extra copying/allocation when writing events to userspace.
-type Event struct {
-	// Events is the event mask containing the set of events that have been
-	// observed on an entry.
-	Events uint32
-
-	// Data is an opaque 64-bit value provided by the caller when adding the
-	// entry, and returned to the caller when the entry reports an event.
-	Data [2]int32
-}
-
 // EntryFlags is a bitmask that holds an entry's flags.
 type EntryFlags int
 
@@ -88,8 +76,8 @@ type pollEntry struct {
 // WeakRefGone implements refs.WeakRefUser.WeakRefGone.
 // weakReferenceGone is called when the file in the weak reference is destroyed.
 // The poll entry is removed in response to this.
-func (p *pollEntry) WeakRefGone() {
-	p.epoll.RemoveEntry(p.id)
+func (p *pollEntry) WeakRefGone(ctx context.Context) {
+	p.epoll.RemoveEntry(ctx, p.id)
 }
 
 // EventPoll holds all the state associated with an event poll object, that is,
@@ -119,7 +107,7 @@ type EventPoll struct {
 	// different lock to avoid circular lock acquisition order involving
 	// the wait queue mutexes and mu. The full order is mu, observed file
 	// wait queue mutex, then listsMu; this allows listsMu to be acquired
-	// when readyCallback is called.
+	// when (*pollEntry).Callback is called.
 	//
 	// An entry is always in one of the following lists:
 	//	readyList -- when there's a chance that it's ready to have
@@ -128,7 +116,7 @@ type EventPoll struct {
 	//		readEvents() functions always call the entry's file
 	//		Readiness() function to confirm it's ready.
 	//	waitingList -- when there's no chance that the entry is ready,
-	//		so it's waiting for the readyCallback to be called
+	//		so it's waiting for the (*pollEntry).Callback to be called
 	//		on it before it gets moved to the readyList.
 	//	disabledList -- when the entry is disabled. This happens when
 	//		a one-shot entry gets delivered via readEvents().
@@ -156,14 +144,14 @@ func NewEventPoll(ctx context.Context) *fs.File {
 	// name matches fs/eventpoll.c:epoll_create1.
 	dirent := fs.NewDirent(ctx, anon.NewInode(ctx), fmt.Sprintf("anon_inode:[eventpoll]"))
 	// Release the initial dirent reference after NewFile takes a reference.
-	defer dirent.DecRef()
+	defer dirent.DecRef(ctx)
 	return fs.NewFile(ctx, dirent, fs.FileFlags{}, &EventPoll{
 		files: make(map[FileIdentifier]*pollEntry),
 	})
 }
 
 // Release implements fs.FileOperations.Release.
-func (e *EventPoll) Release() {
+func (e *EventPoll) Release(ctx context.Context) {
 	// We need to take the lock now because files may be attempting to
 	// remove entries in parallel if they get destroyed.
 	e.mu.Lock()
@@ -172,8 +160,9 @@ func (e *EventPoll) Release() {
 	// Go through all entries and clean up.
 	for _, entry := range e.files {
 		entry.id.File.EventUnregister(&entry.waiter)
-		entry.file.Drop()
+		entry.file.Drop(ctx)
 	}
+	e.files = nil
 }
 
 // Read implements fs.FileOperations.Read.
@@ -226,9 +215,9 @@ func (e *EventPoll) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
 }
 
 // ReadEvents returns up to max available events.
-func (e *EventPoll) ReadEvents(max int) []Event {
+func (e *EventPoll) ReadEvents(max int) []linux.EpollEvent {
 	var local pollEntryList
-	var ret []Event
+	var ret []linux.EpollEvent
 
 	e.listsMu.Lock()
 
@@ -250,7 +239,7 @@ func (e *EventPoll) ReadEvents(max int) []Event {
 		}
 
 		// Add event to the array that will be returned to caller.
-		ret = append(ret, Event{
+		ret = append(ret, linux.EpollEvent{
 			Events: uint32(ready),
 			Data:   entry.userData,
 		})
@@ -280,23 +269,23 @@ func (e *EventPoll) ReadEvents(max int) []Event {
 	return ret
 }
 
-// readyCallback is called when one of the files we're polling becomes ready. It
-// moves said file to the readyList if it's currently in the waiting list.
-type readyCallback struct{}
-
 // Callback implements waiter.EntryCallback.Callback.
-func (*readyCallback) Callback(w *waiter.Entry) {
-	entry := w.Context.(*pollEntry)
-	e := entry.epoll
+//
+// Callback is called when one of the files we're polling becomes ready. It
+// moves said file to the readyList if it's currently in the waiting list.
+func (p *pollEntry) Callback(*waiter.Entry) {
+	e := p.epoll
 
 	e.listsMu.Lock()
 
-	if entry.curList == &e.waitingList {
-		e.waitingList.Remove(entry)
-		e.readyList.PushBack(entry)
-		entry.curList = &e.readyList
+	if p.curList == &e.waitingList {
+		e.waitingList.Remove(p)
+		e.readyList.PushBack(p)
+		p.curList = &e.readyList
+		e.listsMu.Unlock()
 
 		e.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
+		return
 	}
 
 	e.listsMu.Unlock()
@@ -319,7 +308,7 @@ func (e *EventPoll) initEntryReadiness(entry *pollEntry) {
 	// Check if the file happens to already be in a ready state.
 	ready := f.Readiness(entry.mask) & entry.mask
 	if ready != 0 {
-		(*readyCallback).Callback(nil, &entry.waiter)
+		entry.Callback(&entry.waiter)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -389,10 +378,9 @@ func (e *EventPoll) AddEntry(id FileIdentifier, flags EntryFlags, mask waiter.Ev
 		userData: data,
 		epoll:    e,
 		flags:    flags,
-		waiter:   waiter.Entry{Callback: &readyCallback{}},
 		mask:     mask,
 	}
-	entry.waiter.Context = entry
+	entry.waiter.Callback = entry
 	e.files[id] = entry
 	entry.file = refs.NewWeakRef(id.File, entry)
 
@@ -415,7 +403,7 @@ func (e *EventPoll) UpdateEntry(id FileIdentifier, flags EntryFlags, mask waiter
 	}
 
 	// Unregister the old mask and remove entry from the list it's in, so
-	// readyCallback is guaranteed to not be called on this entry anymore.
+	// (*pollEntry).Callback is guaranteed to not be called on this entry anymore.
 	entry.id.File.EventUnregister(&entry.waiter)
 
 	// Remove entry from whatever list it's in. This ensure that no other
@@ -435,7 +423,7 @@ func (e *EventPoll) UpdateEntry(id FileIdentifier, flags EntryFlags, mask waiter
 }
 
 // RemoveEntry a files from the collection of observed files.
-func (e *EventPoll) RemoveEntry(id FileIdentifier) error {
+func (e *EventPoll) RemoveEntry(ctx context.Context, id FileIdentifier) error {
 	e.mu.Lock()
 	defer e.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -457,7 +445,7 @@ func (e *EventPoll) RemoveEntry(id FileIdentifier) error {
 
 	// Remove file from map, and drop weak reference.
 	delete(e.files, id)
-	entry.file.Drop()
+	entry.file.Drop(ctx)
 
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_state.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_state.go
index a0d35d350..7c61e0258 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_state.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_state.go
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 // afterLoad is invoked by stateify.
 func (p *pollEntry) afterLoad() {
-	p.waiter = waiter.Entry{Callback: &readyCallback{}}
-	p.waiter.Context = p
+	p.waiter.Callback = p
 	p.file = refs.NewWeakRef(p.id.File, p)
 	p.id.File.EventRegister(&p.waiter, p.mask)
 }
@@ -38,11 +37,14 @@ func (e *EventPoll) afterLoad() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for it := e.waitingList.Front(); it != nil; it = it.Next() {
-		if it.id.File.Readiness(it.mask) != 0 {
-			e.waitingList.Remove(it)
-			e.readyList.PushBack(it)
-			it.curList = &e.readyList
+	for it := e.waitingList.Front(); it != nil; {
+		entry := it
+		it = it.Next()
+
+		if entry.id.File.Readiness(entry.mask) != 0 {
+			e.waitingList.Remove(entry)
+			e.readyList.PushBack(entry)
+			entry.curList = &e.readyList
 			e.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_test.go
index 4a20d4c82..55b505593 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/epoll/epoll_test.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ package epoll
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/filetest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ func TestFileDestroyed(t *testing.T) {
 	f := filetest.NewTestFile(t)
 	id := FileIdentifier{f, 12}
 
-	efile := NewEventPoll(contexttest.Context(t))
+	ctx := contexttest.Context(t)
+	efile := NewEventPoll(ctx)
 	e := efile.FileOperations.(*EventPoll)
 	if err := e.AddEntry(id, 0, waiter.EventIn, [2]int32{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("addEntry failed: %v", err)
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ func TestFileDestroyed(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Destroy the file. Check that we get no more events.
-	f.DecRef()
+	f.DecRef(ctx)
 
 	evt = e.ReadEvents(1)
 	if len(evt) != 0 {
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/BUILD
index e65b961e8..9983a32e5 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/BUILD
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_test")
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
 go_library(
     name = "eventfd",
     srcs = ["eventfd.go"],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/fdnotifier",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/anon",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
 )
@@ -25,10 +24,10 @@ go_test(
     name = "eventfd_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = ["eventfd_test.go"],
-    embed = [":eventfd"],
+    library = ":eventfd",
     deps = [
-        "//pkg/sentry/context/contexttest",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sentry/contexttest",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd.go
index 12f0d429b..bbf568dfc 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd.go
@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ package eventfd
 
 import (
 	"math"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/fdnotifier"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/anon"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, initVal uint64, semMode bool) *fs.File {
 	// name matches fs/eventfd.c:eventfd_file_create.
 	dirent := fs.NewDirent(ctx, anon.NewInode(ctx), "anon_inode:[eventfd]")
 	// Release the initial dirent reference after NewFile takes a reference.
-	defer dirent.DecRef()
+	defer dirent.DecRef(ctx)
 	return fs.NewFile(ctx, dirent, fs.FileFlags{Read: true, Write: true}, &EventOperations{
 		val:     initVal,
 		semMode: semMode,
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (e *EventOperations) HostFD() (int, error) {
 }
 
 // Release implements fs.FileOperations.Release.
-func (e *EventOperations) Release() {
+func (e *EventOperations) Release(context.Context) {
 	e.mu.Lock()
 	defer e.mu.Unlock()
 	if e.hostfd >= 0 {
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd_test.go
index 018c7f3ef..9b4892f74 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/eventfd/eventfd_test.go
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ package eventfd
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/BUILD
index 49d81b712..2b3955598 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/BUILD
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
 go_library(
     name = "fasync",
     srcs = ["fasync.go"],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync",
     visibility = ["//:sandbox"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/auth",
+        "//pkg/sentry/vfs",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/fasync.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/fasync.go
index 6b0bb0324..153d2cd9b 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/fasync.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fasync/fasync.go
@@ -16,20 +16,25 @@
 package fasync
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
-// New creates a new FileAsync.
+// New creates a new fs.FileAsync.
 func New() fs.FileAsync {
 	return &FileAsync{}
 }
 
+// NewVFS2 creates a new vfs.FileAsync.
+func NewVFS2() vfs.FileAsync {
+	return &FileAsync{}
+}
+
 // FileAsync sends signals when the registered file is ready for IO.
 //
 // +stateify savable
@@ -171,3 +176,13 @@ func (a *FileAsync) SetOwnerProcessGroup(requester *kernel.Task, recipient *kern
 	a.recipientTG = nil
 	a.recipientPG = recipient
 }
+
+// ClearOwner unsets the current signal recipient.
+func (a *FileAsync) ClearOwner() {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+	a.requester = nil
+	a.recipientT = nil
+	a.recipientTG = nil
+	a.recipientPG = nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table.go
index 11f613a11..ce53af69b 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2018 Google LLC
+// Copyright 2018 The gVisor Authors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,19 +15,21 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
-	"sync"
+	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/lock"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/limits"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
 
 // FDFlags define flags for an individual descriptor.
@@ -62,10 +64,14 @@ func (f FDFlags) ToLinuxFDFlags() (mask uint) {
 // Note that this is immutable and can only be changed via operations on the
 // descriptorTable.
 //
+// It contains both VFS1 and VFS2 file types, but only one of them can be set.
+//
 // +stateify savable
 type descriptor struct {
-	file  *fs.File
-	flags FDFlags
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1624): Remove fs.File.
+	file     *fs.File
+	fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription
+	flags    FDFlags
 }
 
 // FDTable is used to manage File references and flags.
@@ -75,9 +81,6 @@ type FDTable struct {
 	refs.AtomicRefCount
 	k *Kernel
 
-	// uid is a unique identifier.
-	uid uint64
-
 	// mu protects below.
 	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
 
@@ -95,32 +98,38 @@ type FDTable struct {
 
 func (f *FDTable) saveDescriptorTable() map[int32]descriptor {
 	m := make(map[int32]descriptor)
-	f.forEach(func(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
+	f.forEach(context.Background(), func(fd int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) {
 		m[fd] = descriptor{
-			file:  file,
-			flags: flags,
+			file:     file,
+			fileVFS2: fileVFS2,
+			flags:    flags,
 		}
 	})
 	return m
 }
 
 func (f *FDTable) loadDescriptorTable(m map[int32]descriptor) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	f.init() // Initialize table.
 	for fd, d := range m {
-		f.set(fd, d.file, d.flags)
-
-		// Note that we do _not_ need to acquire a extra table
-		// reference here. The table reference will already be
-		// accounted for in the file, so we drop the reference taken by
-		// set above.
-		d.file.DecRef()
+		f.setAll(fd, d.file, d.fileVFS2, d.flags)
+
+		// Note that we do _not_ need to acquire a extra table reference here. The
+		// table reference will already be accounted for in the file, so we drop the
+		// reference taken by set above.
+		switch {
+		case d.file != nil:
+			d.file.DecRef(ctx)
+		case d.fileVFS2 != nil:
+			d.fileVFS2.DecRef(ctx)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 // drop drops the table reference.
 func (f *FDTable) drop(file *fs.File) {
 	// Release locks.
-	file.Dirent.Inode.LockCtx.Posix.UnlockRegion(lock.UniqueID(f.uid), lock.LockRange{0, lock.LockEOF})
+	file.Dirent.Inode.LockCtx.Posix.UnlockRegion(f, lock.LockRange{0, lock.LockEOF})
 
 	// Send inotify events.
 	d := file.Dirent
@@ -136,34 +145,47 @@ func (f *FDTable) drop(file *fs.File) {
 	d.InotifyEvent(ev, 0)
 
 	// Drop the table reference.
-	file.DecRef()
+	file.DecRef(context.Background())
 }
 
-// ID returns a unique identifier for this FDTable.
-func (f *FDTable) ID() uint64 {
-	return f.uid
+// dropVFS2 drops the table reference.
+func (f *FDTable) dropVFS2(file *vfs.FileDescription) {
+	// Release any POSIX lock possibly held by the FDTable. Range {0, 0} means the
+	// entire file.
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err := file.UnlockPOSIX(ctx, f, 0, 0, linux.SEEK_SET)
+	if err != nil && err != syserror.ENOLCK {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("UnlockPOSIX failed: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	// Generate inotify events.
+	ev := uint32(linux.IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE)
+	if file.IsWritable() {
+		ev = linux.IN_CLOSE_WRITE
+	}
+	file.Dentry().InotifyWithParent(ctx, ev, 0, vfs.PathEvent)
+
+	// Drop the table's reference.
+	file.DecRef(ctx)
 }
 
 // NewFDTable allocates a new FDTable that may be used by tasks in k.
 func (k *Kernel) NewFDTable() *FDTable {
-	f := &FDTable{
-		k:   k,
-		uid: atomic.AddUint64(&k.fdMapUids, 1),
-	}
+	f := &FDTable{k: k}
 	f.init()
 	return f
 }
 
 // destroy removes all of the file descriptors from the map.
-func (f *FDTable) destroy() {
-	f.RemoveIf(func(*fs.File, FDFlags) bool {
+func (f *FDTable) destroy(ctx context.Context) {
+	f.RemoveIf(ctx, func(*fs.File, *vfs.FileDescription, FDFlags) bool {
 		return true
 	})
 }
 
 // DecRef implements RefCounter.DecRef with destructor f.destroy.
-func (f *FDTable) DecRef() {
-	f.DecRefWithDestructor(f.destroy)
+func (f *FDTable) DecRef(ctx context.Context) {
+	f.DecRefWithDestructor(ctx, f.destroy)
 }
 
 // Size returns the number of file descriptor slots currently allocated.
@@ -172,35 +194,66 @@ func (f *FDTable) Size() int {
 	return int(size)
 }
 
-// forEach iterates over all non-nil files.
+// forEach iterates over all non-nil files in sorted order.
 //
 // It is the caller's responsibility to acquire an appropriate lock.
-func (f *FDTable) forEach(fn func(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags)) {
+func (f *FDTable) forEach(ctx context.Context, fn func(fd int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags)) {
+	// retries tracks the number of failed TryIncRef attempts for the same FD.
+	retries := 0
 	fd := int32(0)
 	for {
-		file, flags, ok := f.get(fd)
+		file, fileVFS2, flags, ok := f.getAll(fd)
 		if !ok {
 			break
 		}
-		if file != nil {
+		switch {
+		case file != nil:
 			if !file.TryIncRef() {
+				retries++
+				if retries > 1000 {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("File in FD table has been destroyed. FD: %d, File: %+v, FileOps: %+v", fd, file, file.FileOperations))
+				}
 				continue // Race caught.
 			}
-			fn(int32(fd), file, flags)
-			file.DecRef()
+			fn(fd, file, nil, flags)
+			file.DecRef(ctx)
+		case fileVFS2 != nil:
+			if !fileVFS2.TryIncRef() {
+				retries++
+				if retries > 1000 {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("File in FD table has been destroyed. FD: %d, File: %+v, Impl: %+v", fd, fileVFS2, fileVFS2.Impl()))
+				}
+				continue // Race caught.
+			}
+			fn(fd, nil, fileVFS2, flags)
+			fileVFS2.DecRef(ctx)
 		}
+		retries = 0
 		fd++
 	}
 }
 
 // String is a stringer for FDTable.
 func (f *FDTable) String() string {
-	var b bytes.Buffer
-	f.forEach(func(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
-		n, _ := file.Dirent.FullName(nil /* root */)
-		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("\tfd:%d => name %s\n", fd, n))
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f.forEach(ctx, func(fd int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) {
+		switch {
+		case file != nil:
+			n, _ := file.Dirent.FullName(nil /* root */)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "\tfd:%d => name %s\n", fd, n)
+
+		case fileVFS2 != nil:
+			vfsObj := fileVFS2.Mount().Filesystem().VirtualFilesystem()
+			name, err := vfsObj.PathnameWithDeleted(ctx, vfs.VirtualDentry{}, fileVFS2.VirtualDentry())
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "<err: %v>\n", err)
+				return
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "\tfd:%d => name %s\n", fd, name)
+		}
 	})
-	return b.String()
+	return buf.String()
 }
 
 // NewFDs allocates new FDs guaranteed to be the lowest number available
@@ -258,18 +311,125 @@ func (f *FDTable) NewFDs(ctx context.Context, fd int32, files []*fs.File, flags
 	return fds, nil
 }
 
+// NewFDsVFS2 allocates new FDs guaranteed to be the lowest number available
+// greater than or equal to the fd parameter. All files will share the set
+// flags. Success is guaranteed to be all or none.
+func (f *FDTable) NewFDsVFS2(ctx context.Context, fd int32, files []*vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) (fds []int32, err error) {
+	if fd < 0 {
+		// Don't accept negative FDs.
+		return nil, syscall.EINVAL
+	}
+
+	// Default limit.
+	end := int32(math.MaxInt32)
+
+	// Ensure we don't get past the provided limit.
+	if limitSet := limits.FromContext(ctx); limitSet != nil {
+		lim := limitSet.Get(limits.NumberOfFiles)
+		if lim.Cur != limits.Infinity {
+			end = int32(lim.Cur)
+		}
+		if fd >= end {
+			return nil, syscall.EMFILE
+		}
+	}
+
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// From f.next to find available fd.
+	if fd < f.next {
+		fd = f.next
+	}
+
+	// Install all entries.
+	for i := fd; i < end && len(fds) < len(files); i++ {
+		if d, _, _ := f.getVFS2(i); d == nil {
+			f.setVFS2(i, files[len(fds)], flags) // Set the descriptor.
+			fds = append(fds, i)                 // Record the file descriptor.
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Failure? Unwind existing FDs.
+	if len(fds) < len(files) {
+		for _, i := range fds {
+			f.setVFS2(i, nil, FDFlags{}) // Zap entry.
+		}
+		return nil, syscall.EMFILE
+	}
+
+	if fd == f.next {
+		// Update next search start position.
+		f.next = fds[len(fds)-1] + 1
+	}
+
+	return fds, nil
+}
+
+// NewFDVFS2 allocates a file descriptor greater than or equal to minfd for
+// the given file description. If it succeeds, it takes a reference on file.
+func (f *FDTable) NewFDVFS2(ctx context.Context, minfd int32, file *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) (int32, error) {
+	if minfd < 0 {
+		// Don't accept negative FDs.
+		return -1, syscall.EINVAL
+	}
+
+	// Default limit.
+	end := int32(math.MaxInt32)
+
+	// Ensure we don't get past the provided limit.
+	if limitSet := limits.FromContext(ctx); limitSet != nil {
+		lim := limitSet.Get(limits.NumberOfFiles)
+		if lim.Cur != limits.Infinity {
+			end = int32(lim.Cur)
+		}
+		if minfd >= end {
+			return -1, syscall.EMFILE
+		}
+	}
+
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// From f.next to find available fd.
+	fd := minfd
+	if fd < f.next {
+		fd = f.next
+	}
+	for fd < end {
+		if d, _, _ := f.getVFS2(fd); d == nil {
+			f.setVFS2(fd, file, flags)
+			if fd == f.next {
+				// Update next search start position.
+				f.next = fd + 1
+			}
+			return fd, nil
+		}
+		fd++
+	}
+	return -1, syscall.EMFILE
+}
+
 // NewFDAt sets the file reference for the given FD. If there is an active
 // reference for that FD, the ref count for that existing reference is
 // decremented.
 func (f *FDTable) NewFDAt(ctx context.Context, fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) error {
+	return f.newFDAt(ctx, fd, file, nil, flags)
+}
+
+// NewFDAtVFS2 sets the file reference for the given FD. If there is an active
+// reference for that FD, the ref count for that existing reference is
+// decremented.
+func (f *FDTable) NewFDAtVFS2(ctx context.Context, fd int32, file *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) error {
+	return f.newFDAt(ctx, fd, nil, file, flags)
+}
+
+func (f *FDTable) newFDAt(ctx context.Context, fd int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) error {
 	if fd < 0 {
 		// Don't accept negative FDs.
 		return syscall.EBADF
 	}
 
-	f.mu.Lock()
-	defer f.mu.Unlock()
-
 	// Check the limit for the provided file.
 	if limitSet := limits.FromContext(ctx); limitSet != nil {
 		if lim := limitSet.Get(limits.NumberOfFiles); lim.Cur != limits.Infinity && uint64(fd) >= lim.Cur {
@@ -278,7 +438,9 @@ func (f *FDTable) NewFDAt(ctx context.Context, fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FD
 	}
 
 	// Install the entry.
-	f.set(fd, file, flags)
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.setAll(fd, file, fileVFS2, flags)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -305,6 +467,29 @@ func (f *FDTable) SetFlags(fd int32, flags FDFlags) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SetFlagsVFS2 sets the flags for the given file descriptor.
+//
+// True is returned iff flags were changed.
+func (f *FDTable) SetFlagsVFS2(fd int32, flags FDFlags) error {
+	if fd < 0 {
+		// Don't accept negative FDs.
+		return syscall.EBADF
+	}
+
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	file, _, _ := f.getVFS2(fd)
+	if file == nil {
+		// No file found.
+		return syscall.EBADF
+	}
+
+	// Update the flags.
+	f.setVFS2(fd, file, flags)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Get returns a reference to the file and the flags for the FD or nil if no
 // file is defined for the given fd.
 //
@@ -330,10 +515,38 @@ func (f *FDTable) Get(fd int32) (*fs.File, FDFlags) {
 	}
 }
 
-// GetFDs returns a list of valid fds.
-func (f *FDTable) GetFDs() []int32 {
+// GetVFS2 returns a reference to the file and the flags for the FD or nil if no
+// file is defined for the given fd.
+//
+// N.B. Callers are required to use DecRef when they are done.
+//
+//go:nosplit
+func (f *FDTable) GetVFS2(fd int32) (*vfs.FileDescription, FDFlags) {
+	if fd < 0 {
+		return nil, FDFlags{}
+	}
+
+	for {
+		file, flags, _ := f.getVFS2(fd)
+		if file != nil {
+			if !file.TryIncRef() {
+				continue // Race caught.
+			}
+			// Reference acquired.
+			return file, flags
+		}
+		// No file available.
+		return nil, FDFlags{}
+	}
+}
+
+// GetFDs returns a sorted list of valid fds.
+//
+// Precondition: The caller must be running on the task goroutine, or Task.mu
+// must be locked.
+func (f *FDTable) GetFDs(ctx context.Context) []int32 {
 	fds := make([]int32, 0, int(atomic.LoadInt32(&f.used)))
-	f.forEach(func(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
+	f.forEach(ctx, func(fd int32, _ *fs.File, _ *vfs.FileDescription, _ FDFlags) {
 		fds = append(fds, fd)
 	})
 	return fds
@@ -342,9 +555,21 @@ func (f *FDTable) GetFDs() []int32 {
 // GetRefs returns a stable slice of references to all files and bumps the
 // reference count on each. The caller must use DecRef on each reference when
 // they're done using the slice.
-func (f *FDTable) GetRefs() []*fs.File {
+func (f *FDTable) GetRefs(ctx context.Context) []*fs.File {
 	files := make([]*fs.File, 0, f.Size())
-	f.forEach(func(_ int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
+	f.forEach(ctx, func(_ int32, file *fs.File, _ *vfs.FileDescription, _ FDFlags) {
+		file.IncRef() // Acquire a reference for caller.
+		files = append(files, file)
+	})
+	return files
+}
+
+// GetRefsVFS2 returns a stable slice of references to all files and bumps the
+// reference count on each. The caller must use DecRef on each reference when
+// they're done using the slice.
+func (f *FDTable) GetRefsVFS2(ctx context.Context) []*vfs.FileDescription {
+	files := make([]*vfs.FileDescription, 0, f.Size())
+	f.forEach(ctx, func(_ int32, _ *fs.File, file *vfs.FileDescription, _ FDFlags) {
 		file.IncRef() // Acquire a reference for caller.
 		files = append(files, file)
 	})
@@ -352,13 +577,18 @@ func (f *FDTable) GetRefs() []*fs.File {
 }
 
 // Fork returns an independent FDTable.
-func (f *FDTable) Fork() *FDTable {
+func (f *FDTable) Fork(ctx context.Context) *FDTable {
 	clone := f.k.NewFDTable()
 
-	f.forEach(func(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
+	f.forEach(ctx, func(fd int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) {
 		// The set function here will acquire an appropriate table
 		// reference for the clone. We don't need anything else.
-		clone.set(fd, file, flags)
+		switch {
+		case file != nil:
+			clone.set(fd, file, flags)
+		case fileVFS2 != nil:
+			clone.setVFS2(fd, fileVFS2, flags)
+		}
 	})
 	return clone
 }
@@ -366,9 +596,9 @@ func (f *FDTable) Fork() *FDTable {
 // Remove removes an FD from and returns a non-file iff successful.
 //
 // N.B. Callers are required to use DecRef when they are done.
-func (f *FDTable) Remove(fd int32) *fs.File {
+func (f *FDTable) Remove(fd int32) (*fs.File, *vfs.FileDescription) {
 	if fd < 0 {
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	f.mu.Lock()
@@ -379,21 +609,28 @@ func (f *FDTable) Remove(fd int32) *fs.File {
 		f.next = fd
 	}
 
-	orig, _, _ := f.get(fd)
-	if orig != nil {
-		orig.IncRef()             // Reference for caller.
-		f.set(fd, nil, FDFlags{}) // Zap entry.
+	orig, orig2, _, _ := f.getAll(fd)
+
+	// Add reference for caller.
+	switch {
+	case orig != nil:
+		orig.IncRef()
+	case orig2 != nil:
+		orig2.IncRef()
+	}
+	if orig != nil || orig2 != nil {
+		f.setAll(fd, nil, nil, FDFlags{}) // Zap entry.
 	}
-	return orig
+	return orig, orig2
 }
 
 // RemoveIf removes all FDs where cond is true.
-func (f *FDTable) RemoveIf(cond func(*fs.File, FDFlags) bool) {
+func (f *FDTable) RemoveIf(ctx context.Context, cond func(*fs.File, *vfs.FileDescription, FDFlags) bool) {
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
 
-	f.forEach(func(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
-		if cond(file, flags) {
+	f.forEach(ctx, func(fd int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) {
+		if cond(file, fileVFS2, flags) {
 			f.set(fd, nil, FDFlags{}) // Clear from table.
 			// Update current available position.
 			if fd < f.next {
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_test.go
index 2bcb6216a..e3f30ba2a 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2018 Google LLC
+// Copyright 2018 The gVisor Authors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"runtime"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/filetest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/limits"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ func TestFDTable(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("fdTable.Get(2): got a %v, wanted nil", ref)
 		}
 
-		ref := fdTable.Remove(1)
+		ref, _ := fdTable.Remove(1)
 		if ref == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("fdTable.Remove(1) for an existing FD: failed, want success")
 		}
-		ref.DecRef()
+		ref.DecRef(ctx)
 
-		if ref := fdTable.Remove(1); ref != nil {
+		if ref, _ := fdTable.Remove(1); ref != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("r.Remove(1) for a removed FD: got success, want failure")
 		}
 	})
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ func BenchmarkFDLookupAndDecRef(b *testing.B) {
 		b.StartTimer() // Benchmark.
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			tf, _ := fdTable.Get(fds[i%len(fds)])
-			tf.DecRef()
+			tf.DecRef(ctx)
 		}
 	})
 }
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func BenchmarkFDLookupAndDecRefConcurrent(b *testing.B) {
 				defer wg.Done()
 				for i := 0; i < each; i++ {
 					tf, _ := fdTable.Get(fds[i%len(fds)])
-					tf.DecRef()
+					tf.DecRef(ctx)
 				}
 			}()
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_unsafe.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_unsafe.go
index e009df974..7fd97dc53 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_unsafe.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fd_table_unsafe.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2018 Google LLC
+// Copyright 2018 The gVisor Authors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
 )
 
 type descriptorTable struct {
@@ -41,15 +42,38 @@ func (f *FDTable) init() {
 //
 //go:nosplit
 func (f *FDTable) get(fd int32) (*fs.File, FDFlags, bool) {
+	file, _, flags, ok := f.getAll(fd)
+	return file, flags, ok
+}
+
+// getVFS2 gets a file entry.
+//
+// The boolean indicates whether this was in range.
+//
+//go:nosplit
+func (f *FDTable) getVFS2(fd int32) (*vfs.FileDescription, FDFlags, bool) {
+	_, file, flags, ok := f.getAll(fd)
+	return file, flags, ok
+}
+
+// getAll gets a file entry.
+//
+// The boolean indicates whether this was in range.
+//
+//go:nosplit
+func (f *FDTable) getAll(fd int32) (*fs.File, *vfs.FileDescription, FDFlags, bool) {
 	slice := *(*[]unsafe.Pointer)(atomic.LoadPointer(&f.slice))
 	if fd >= int32(len(slice)) {
-		return nil, FDFlags{}, false
+		return nil, nil, FDFlags{}, false
 	}
 	d := (*descriptor)(atomic.LoadPointer(&slice[fd]))
 	if d == nil {
-		return nil, FDFlags{}, true
+		return nil, nil, FDFlags{}, true
 	}
-	return d.file, d.flags, true
+	if d.file != nil && d.fileVFS2 != nil {
+		panic("VFS1 and VFS2 files set")
+	}
+	return d.file, d.fileVFS2, d.flags, true
 }
 
 // set sets an entry.
@@ -59,6 +83,30 @@ func (f *FDTable) get(fd int32) (*fs.File, FDFlags, bool) {
 //
 // Precondition: mu must be held.
 func (f *FDTable) set(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
+	f.setAll(fd, file, nil, flags)
+}
+
+// setVFS2 sets an entry.
+//
+// This handles accounting changes, as well as acquiring and releasing the
+// reference needed by the table iff the file is different.
+//
+// Precondition: mu must be held.
+func (f *FDTable) setVFS2(fd int32, file *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) {
+	f.setAll(fd, nil, file, flags)
+}
+
+// setAll sets an entry.
+//
+// This handles accounting changes, as well as acquiring and releasing the
+// reference needed by the table iff the file is different.
+//
+// Precondition: mu must be held.
+func (f *FDTable) setAll(fd int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) {
+	if file != nil && fileVFS2 != nil {
+		panic("VFS1 and VFS2 files set")
+	}
+
 	slice := *(*[]unsafe.Pointer)(atomic.LoadPointer(&f.slice))
 
 	// Grow the table as required.
@@ -71,33 +119,51 @@ func (f *FDTable) set(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) {
 		atomic.StorePointer(&f.slice, unsafe.Pointer(&slice))
 	}
 
-	// Create the new element.
-	var d *descriptor
-	if file != nil {
-		d = &descriptor{
-			file:  file,
-			flags: flags,
+	var desc *descriptor
+	if file != nil || fileVFS2 != nil {
+		desc = &descriptor{
+			file:     file,
+			fileVFS2: fileVFS2,
+			flags:    flags,
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Update the single element.
-	orig := (*descriptor)(atomic.SwapPointer(&slice[fd], unsafe.Pointer(d)))
+	orig := (*descriptor)(atomic.SwapPointer(&slice[fd], unsafe.Pointer(desc)))
 
 	// Acquire a table reference.
-	if file != nil && (orig == nil || file != orig.file) {
-		file.IncRef()
+	if desc != nil {
+		switch {
+		case desc.file != nil:
+			if orig == nil || desc.file != orig.file {
+				desc.file.IncRef()
+			}
+		case desc.fileVFS2 != nil:
+			if orig == nil || desc.fileVFS2 != orig.fileVFS2 {
+				desc.fileVFS2.IncRef()
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Drop the table reference.
-	if orig != nil && file != orig.file {
-		f.drop(orig.file)
+	if orig != nil {
+		switch {
+		case orig.file != nil:
+			if desc == nil || desc.file != orig.file {
+				f.drop(orig.file)
+			}
+		case orig.fileVFS2 != nil:
+			if desc == nil || desc.fileVFS2 != orig.fileVFS2 {
+				f.dropVFS2(orig.fileVFS2)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Adjust used.
 	switch {
-	case orig == nil && file != nil:
+	case orig == nil && desc != nil:
 		atomic.AddInt32(&f.used, 1)
-	case orig != nil && file == nil:
+	case orig != nil && desc == nil:
 		atomic.AddInt32(&f.used, -1)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fs_context.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fs_context.go
index ded27d668..8f2d36d5a 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/fs_context.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/fs_context.go
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 // FSContext contains filesystem context.
@@ -37,10 +39,16 @@ type FSContext struct {
 	// destroyed.
 	root *fs.Dirent
 
+	// rootVFS2 is the filesystem root.
+	rootVFS2 vfs.VirtualDentry
+
 	// cwd is the current working directory. Will be nil iff the FSContext
 	// has been destroyed.
 	cwd *fs.Dirent
 
+	// cwdVFS2 is the current working directory.
+	cwdVFS2 vfs.VirtualDentry
+
 	// umask is the current file mode creation mask. When a thread using this
 	// context invokes a syscall that creates a file, bits set in umask are
 	// removed from the permissions that the file is created with.
@@ -60,6 +68,19 @@ func newFSContext(root, cwd *fs.Dirent, umask uint) *FSContext {
 	return &f
 }
 
+// NewFSContextVFS2 returns a new filesystem context.
+func NewFSContextVFS2(root, cwd vfs.VirtualDentry, umask uint) *FSContext {
+	root.IncRef()
+	cwd.IncRef()
+	f := FSContext{
+		rootVFS2: root,
+		cwdVFS2:  cwd,
+		umask:    umask,
+	}
+	f.EnableLeakCheck("kernel.FSContext")
+	return &f
+}
+
 // destroy is the destructor for an FSContext.
 //
 // This will call DecRef on both root and cwd Dirents.  If either call to
@@ -69,22 +90,28 @@ func newFSContext(root, cwd *fs.Dirent, umask uint) *FSContext {
 // Note that there may still be calls to WorkingDirectory() or RootDirectory()
 // (that return nil).  This is because valid references may still be held via
 // proc files or other mechanisms.
-func (f *FSContext) destroy() {
+func (f *FSContext) destroy(ctx context.Context) {
 	// Hold f.mu so that we don't race with RootDirectory() and
 	// WorkingDirectory().
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
 
-	f.root.DecRef()
-	f.root = nil
-
-	f.cwd.DecRef()
-	f.cwd = nil
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		f.rootVFS2.DecRef(ctx)
+		f.rootVFS2 = vfs.VirtualDentry{}
+		f.cwdVFS2.DecRef(ctx)
+		f.cwdVFS2 = vfs.VirtualDentry{}
+	} else {
+		f.root.DecRef(ctx)
+		f.root = nil
+		f.cwd.DecRef(ctx)
+		f.cwd = nil
+	}
 }
 
 // DecRef implements RefCounter.DecRef with destructor f.destroy.
-func (f *FSContext) DecRef() {
-	f.DecRefWithDestructor(f.destroy)
+func (f *FSContext) DecRef(ctx context.Context) {
+	f.DecRefWithDestructor(ctx, f.destroy)
 }
 
 // Fork forks this FSContext.
@@ -93,12 +120,21 @@ func (f *FSContext) DecRef() {
 func (f *FSContext) Fork() *FSContext {
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
-	f.cwd.IncRef()
-	f.root.IncRef()
+
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		f.cwdVFS2.IncRef()
+		f.rootVFS2.IncRef()
+	} else {
+		f.cwd.IncRef()
+		f.root.IncRef()
+	}
+
 	return &FSContext{
-		cwd:   f.cwd,
-		root:  f.root,
-		umask: f.umask,
+		cwd:      f.cwd,
+		root:     f.root,
+		cwdVFS2:  f.cwdVFS2,
+		rootVFS2: f.rootVFS2,
+		umask:    f.umask,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -109,17 +145,28 @@ func (f *FSContext) Fork() *FSContext {
 func (f *FSContext) WorkingDirectory() *fs.Dirent {
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
-	if f.cwd != nil {
-		f.cwd.IncRef()
-	}
+
+	f.cwd.IncRef()
 	return f.cwd
 }
 
+// WorkingDirectoryVFS2 returns the current working directory.
+//
+// This will return nil if called after destroy(), otherwise it will return a
+// Dirent with a reference taken.
+func (f *FSContext) WorkingDirectoryVFS2() vfs.VirtualDentry {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	f.cwdVFS2.IncRef()
+	return f.cwdVFS2
+}
+
 // SetWorkingDirectory sets the current working directory.
 // This will take an extra reference on the Dirent.
 //
 // This is not a valid call after destroy.
-func (f *FSContext) SetWorkingDirectory(d *fs.Dirent) {
+func (f *FSContext) SetWorkingDirectory(ctx context.Context, d *fs.Dirent) {
 	if d == nil {
 		panic("FSContext.SetWorkingDirectory called with nil dirent")
 	}
@@ -134,7 +181,21 @@ func (f *FSContext) SetWorkingDirectory(d *fs.Dirent) {
 	old := f.cwd
 	f.cwd = d
 	d.IncRef()
-	old.DecRef()
+	old.DecRef(ctx)
+}
+
+// SetWorkingDirectoryVFS2 sets the current working directory.
+// This will take an extra reference on the VirtualDentry.
+//
+// This is not a valid call after destroy.
+func (f *FSContext) SetWorkingDirectoryVFS2(ctx context.Context, d vfs.VirtualDentry) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	old := f.cwdVFS2
+	f.cwdVFS2 = d
+	d.IncRef()
+	old.DecRef(ctx)
 }
 
 // RootDirectory returns the current filesystem root.
@@ -150,11 +211,23 @@ func (f *FSContext) RootDirectory() *fs.Dirent {
 	return f.root
 }
 
+// RootDirectoryVFS2 returns the current filesystem root.
+//
+// This will return nil if called after destroy(), otherwise it will return a
+// Dirent with a reference taken.
+func (f *FSContext) RootDirectoryVFS2() vfs.VirtualDentry {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	f.rootVFS2.IncRef()
+	return f.rootVFS2
+}
+
 // SetRootDirectory sets the root directory.
 // This will take an extra reference on the Dirent.
 //
 // This is not a valid call after free.
-func (f *FSContext) SetRootDirectory(d *fs.Dirent) {
+func (f *FSContext) SetRootDirectory(ctx context.Context, d *fs.Dirent) {
 	if d == nil {
 		panic("FSContext.SetRootDirectory called with nil dirent")
 	}
@@ -169,7 +242,29 @@ func (f *FSContext) SetRootDirectory(d *fs.Dirent) {
 	old := f.root
 	f.root = d
 	d.IncRef()
-	old.DecRef()
+	old.DecRef(ctx)
+}
+
+// SetRootDirectoryVFS2 sets the root directory. It takes a reference on vd.
+//
+// This is not a valid call after free.
+func (f *FSContext) SetRootDirectoryVFS2(ctx context.Context, vd vfs.VirtualDentry) {
+	if !vd.Ok() {
+		panic("FSContext.SetRootDirectoryVFS2 called with zero-value VirtualDentry")
+	}
+
+	f.mu.Lock()
+
+	if !f.rootVFS2.Ok() {
+		f.mu.Unlock()
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("FSContext.SetRootDirectoryVFS2(%v)) called after destroy", vd))
+	}
+
+	old := f.rootVFS2
+	vd.IncRef()
+	f.rootVFS2 = vd
+	f.mu.Unlock()
+	old.DecRef(ctx)
 }
 
 // Umask returns the current umask.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/BUILD
index 34286c7a8..daa2dae76 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/BUILD
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_test")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 load("//tools/go_generics:defs.bzl", "go_template_instance")
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ go_template_instance(
     out = "atomicptr_bucket_unsafe.go",
     package = "futex",
     suffix = "Bucket",
-    template = "//third_party/gvsync:generic_atomicptr",
+    template = "//pkg/sync:generic_atomicptr",
     types = {
         "Value": "bucket",
     },
@@ -34,15 +33,15 @@ go_library(
         "futex.go",
         "waiter_list.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/log",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/memmap",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -50,6 +49,10 @@ go_test(
     name = "futex_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = ["futex_test.go"],
-    embed = [":futex"],
-    deps = ["//pkg/sentry/usermem"],
+    library = ":futex",
+    deps = [
+        "//pkg/context",
+        "//pkg/sync",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
+    ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex.go
index 278cc8143..e4dcc4d40 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex.go
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
 package futex
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/memmap"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // KeyKind indicates the type of a Key.
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ type Key struct {
 	Offset uint64
 }
 
-func (k *Key) release() {
+func (k *Key) release(t Target) {
 	if k.MappingIdentity != nil {
-		k.MappingIdentity.DecRef()
+		k.MappingIdentity.DecRef(t)
 	}
 	k.Mappable = nil
 	k.MappingIdentity = nil
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ func (k *Key) matches(k2 *Key) bool {
 
 // Target abstracts memory accesses and keys.
 type Target interface {
+	context.Context
+
 	// SwapUint32 gives access to usermem.IO.SwapUint32.
 	SwapUint32(addr usermem.Addr, new uint32) (uint32, error)
 
@@ -297,7 +299,7 @@ func (b *bucket) wakeWaiterLocked(w *Waiter) {
 // bucket "to".
 //
 // Preconditions: b and to must be locked.
-func (b *bucket) requeueLocked(to *bucket, key, nkey *Key, n int) int {
+func (b *bucket) requeueLocked(t Target, to *bucket, key, nkey *Key, n int) int {
 	done := 0
 	for w := b.waiters.Front(); done < n && w != nil; {
 		if !w.key.matches(key) {
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ func (b *bucket) requeueLocked(to *bucket, key, nkey *Key, n int) int {
 		requeued := w
 		w = w.Next() // Next iteration.
 		b.waiters.Remove(requeued)
-		requeued.key.release()
+		requeued.key.release(t)
 		requeued.key = nkey.clone()
 		to.waiters.PushBack(requeued)
 		requeued.bucket.Store(to)
@@ -457,7 +459,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Wake(t Target, addr usermem.Addr, private bool, bitmask uint32
 	r := b.wakeLocked(&k, bitmask, n)
 
 	b.mu.Unlock()
-	k.release()
+	k.release(t)
 	return r, nil
 }
 
@@ -466,12 +468,12 @@ func (m *Manager) doRequeue(t Target, addr, naddr usermem.Addr, private bool, ch
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	defer k1.release()
+	defer k1.release(t)
 	k2, err := getKey(t, naddr, private)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	defer k2.release()
+	defer k2.release(t)
 
 	b1, b2 := m.lockBuckets(&k1, &k2)
 	defer b1.mu.Unlock()
@@ -489,7 +491,7 @@ func (m *Manager) doRequeue(t Target, addr, naddr usermem.Addr, private bool, ch
 	done := b1.wakeLocked(&k1, ^uint32(0), nwake)
 
 	// Requeue the number required.
-	b1.requeueLocked(b2, &k1, &k2, nreq)
+	b1.requeueLocked(t, b2, &k1, &k2, nreq)
 
 	return done, nil
 }
@@ -516,12 +518,12 @@ func (m *Manager) WakeOp(t Target, addr1, addr2 usermem.Addr, private bool, nwak
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	defer k1.release()
+	defer k1.release(t)
 	k2, err := getKey(t, addr2, private)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	defer k2.release()
+	defer k2.release(t)
 
 	b1, b2 := m.lockBuckets(&k1, &k2)
 	defer b1.mu.Unlock()
@@ -572,7 +574,7 @@ func (m *Manager) WaitPrepare(w *Waiter, t Target, addr usermem.Addr, private bo
 	// Perform our atomic check.
 	if err := check(t, addr, val); err != nil {
 		b.mu.Unlock()
-		w.key.release()
+		w.key.release(t)
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -586,7 +588,7 @@ func (m *Manager) WaitPrepare(w *Waiter, t Target, addr usermem.Addr, private bo
 
 // WaitComplete must be called when a Waiter previously added by WaitPrepare is
 // no longer eligible to be woken.
-func (m *Manager) WaitComplete(w *Waiter) {
+func (m *Manager) WaitComplete(w *Waiter, t Target) {
 	// Remove w from the bucket it's in.
 	for {
 		b := w.bucket.Load()
@@ -618,7 +620,7 @@ func (m *Manager) WaitComplete(w *Waiter) {
 	}
 
 	// Release references held by the waiter.
-	w.key.release()
+	w.key.release(t)
 }
 
 // LockPI attempts to lock the futex following the Priority-inheritance futex
@@ -649,13 +651,13 @@ func (m *Manager) LockPI(w *Waiter, t Target, addr usermem.Addr, tid uint32, pri
 
 	success, err := m.lockPILocked(w, t, addr, tid, b, try)
 	if err != nil {
-		w.key.release()
+		w.key.release(t)
 		b.mu.Unlock()
 		return false, err
 	}
 	if success || try {
 		// Release waiter if it's not going to be a wait.
-		w.key.release()
+		w.key.release(t)
 	}
 	b.mu.Unlock()
 	return success, nil
@@ -718,10 +720,10 @@ func (m *Manager) lockPILocked(w *Waiter, t Target, addr usermem.Addr, tid uint3
 	}
 }
 
-// UnlockPI unlock the futex following the Priority-inheritance futex
-// rules. The address provided must contain the caller's TID. If there are
-// waiters, TID of the next waiter (FIFO) is set to the given address, and the
-// waiter woken up. If there are no waiters, 0 is set to the address.
+// UnlockPI unlocks the futex following the Priority-inheritance futex rules.
+// The address provided must contain the caller's TID. If there are waiters,
+// TID of the next waiter (FIFO) is set to the given address, and the waiter
+// woken up. If there are no waiters, 0 is set to the address.
 func (m *Manager) UnlockPI(t Target, addr usermem.Addr, tid uint32, private bool) error {
 	k, err := getKey(t, addr, private)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -731,7 +733,7 @@ func (m *Manager) UnlockPI(t Target, addr usermem.Addr, tid uint32, private bool
 
 	err = m.unlockPILocked(t, addr, tid, b, &k)
 
-	k.release()
+	k.release(t)
 	b.mu.Unlock()
 	return err
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex_test.go
index 65e5d1428..d0128c548 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex/futex_test.go
@@ -17,40 +17,46 @@ package futex
 import (
 	"math"
 	"runtime"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // testData implements the Target interface, and allows us to
 // treat the address passed for futex operations as an index in
 // a byte slice for testing simplicity.
-type testData []byte
+type testData struct {
+	context.Context
+	data []byte
+}
 
 const sizeofInt32 = 4
 
 func newTestData(size uint) testData {
-	return make([]byte, size)
+	return testData{
+		data: make([]byte, size),
+	}
 }
 
 func (t testData) SwapUint32(addr usermem.Addr, new uint32) (uint32, error) {
-	val := atomic.SwapUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t[addr])), new)
+	val := atomic.SwapUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.data[addr])), new)
 	return val, nil
 }
 
 func (t testData) CompareAndSwapUint32(addr usermem.Addr, old, new uint32) (uint32, error) {
-	if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t[addr])), old, new) {
+	if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.data[addr])), old, new) {
 		return old, nil
 	}
-	return atomic.LoadUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t[addr]))), nil
+	return atomic.LoadUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.data[addr]))), nil
 }
 
 func (t testData) LoadUint32(addr usermem.Addr) (uint32, error) {
-	return atomic.LoadUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t[addr]))), nil
+	return atomic.LoadUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.data[addr]))), nil
 }
 
 func (t testData) GetSharedKey(addr usermem.Addr) (Key, error) {
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ func TestFutexWake(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Start waiting for wakeup.
 			w := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w, d)
 
 			// Perform a wakeup.
 			if n, err := m.Wake(d, 0, private, ^uint32(0), 1); err != nil || n != 1 {
@@ -106,7 +112,7 @@ func TestFutexWakeBitmask(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Start waiting for wakeup.
 			w := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, 0x0000ffff)
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w, d)
 
 			// Perform a wakeup using the wrong bitmask.
 			if n, err := m.Wake(d, 0, private, 0xffff0000, 1); err != nil || n != 0 {
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ func TestFutexWakeTwo(t *testing.T) {
 			var ws [3]*Waiter
 			for i := range ws {
 				ws[i] = newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-				defer m.WaitComplete(ws[i])
+				defer m.WaitComplete(ws[i], d)
 			}
 
 			// Perform two wakeups.
@@ -174,9 +180,9 @@ func TestFutexWakeUnrelated(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Start two waiters waiting for wakeup on different addresses.
 			w1 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0*sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w1)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w1, d)
 			w2 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 1*sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w2)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w2, d)
 
 			// Perform two wakeups on the second address.
 			if n, err := m.Wake(d, 1*sizeofInt32, private, ^uint32(0), 2); err != nil || n != 1 {
@@ -216,9 +222,9 @@ func TestWakeOpFirstNonEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Add two waiters on address 0.
 			w1 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w1)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w1, d)
 			w2 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w2)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w2, d)
 
 			// Perform 10 wakeups on address 0.
 			if n, err := m.WakeOp(d, 0, sizeofInt32, private, 10, 0, 0); err != nil || n != 2 {
@@ -244,9 +250,9 @@ func TestWakeOpSecondNonEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Add two waiters on address sizeofInt32.
 			w1 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w1)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w1, d)
 			w2 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w2)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w2, d)
 
 			// Perform 10 wakeups on address sizeofInt32 (contingent on
 			// d.Op(0), which should succeed).
@@ -273,9 +279,9 @@ func TestWakeOpSecondNonEmptyFailingOp(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Add two waiters on address sizeofInt32.
 			w1 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w1)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w1, d)
 			w2 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w2)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w2, d)
 
 			// Perform 10 wakeups on address sizeofInt32 (contingent on
 			// d.Op(1), which should fail).
@@ -302,15 +308,15 @@ func TestWakeOpAllNonEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Add two waiters on address 0.
 			w1 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w1)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w1, d)
 			w2 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w2)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w2, d)
 
 			// Add two waiters on address sizeofInt32.
 			w3 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w3)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w3, d)
 			w4 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w4)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w4, d)
 
 			// Perform 10 wakeups on address 0 (unconditionally), and 10
 			// wakeups on address sizeofInt32 (contingent on d.Op(0), which
@@ -344,15 +350,15 @@ func TestWakeOpAllNonEmptyFailingOp(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Add two waiters on address 0.
 			w1 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w1)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w1, d)
 			w2 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w2)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w2, d)
 
 			// Add two waiters on address sizeofInt32.
 			w3 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w3)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w3, d)
 			w4 := newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, sizeofInt32, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-			defer m.WaitComplete(w4)
+			defer m.WaitComplete(w4, d)
 
 			// Perform 10 wakeups on address 0 (unconditionally), and 10
 			// wakeups on address sizeofInt32 (contingent on d.Op(1), which
@@ -388,7 +394,7 @@ func TestWakeOpSameAddress(t *testing.T) {
 			var ws [4]*Waiter
 			for i := range ws {
 				ws[i] = newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-				defer m.WaitComplete(ws[i])
+				defer m.WaitComplete(ws[i], d)
 			}
 
 			// Perform 1 wakeup on address 0 (unconditionally), and 1 wakeup
@@ -422,7 +428,7 @@ func TestWakeOpSameAddressFailingOp(t *testing.T) {
 			var ws [4]*Waiter
 			for i := range ws {
 				ws[i] = newPreparedTestWaiter(t, m, d, 0, private, 0, ^uint32(0))
-				defer m.WaitComplete(ws[i])
+				defer m.WaitComplete(ws[i], d)
 			}
 
 			// Perform 1 wakeup on address 0 (unconditionally), and 1 wakeup
@@ -472,7 +478,7 @@ func (t *testMutex) Lock() {
 	for {
 		// Attempt to grab the lock.
 		if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(
-			(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.d[t.a])),
+			(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.d.data[t.a])),
 			testMutexUnlocked,
 			testMutexLocked) {
 			// Lock held.
@@ -490,7 +496,7 @@ func (t *testMutex) Lock() {
 			panic("WaitPrepare returned unexpected error: " + err.Error())
 		}
 		<-w.C
-		t.m.WaitComplete(w)
+		t.m.WaitComplete(w, t.d)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -498,7 +504,7 @@ func (t *testMutex) Lock() {
 // This will notify any waiters via the futex manager.
 func (t *testMutex) Unlock() {
 	// Unlock.
-	atomic.StoreUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.d[t.a])), testMutexUnlocked)
+	atomic.StoreUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&t.d.data[t.a])), testMutexUnlocked)
 
 	// Notify all waiters.
 	t.m.Wake(t.d, t.a, true, ^uint32(0), math.MaxInt32)
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/kernel.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/kernel.go
index fcfe7a16d..1028d13c6 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/kernel.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/kernel.go
@@ -34,21 +34,25 @@ package kernel
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/cpuid"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/eventchannel"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/fspath"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/timerfd"
+	oldtimerfd "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/timerfd"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fsbridge"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fsimpl/pipefs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fsimpl/sockfs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fsimpl/timerfd"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fsimpl/tmpfs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/hostcpu"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/inet"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
@@ -66,10 +70,21 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/unimpl"
 	uspb "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/unimpl/unimplemented_syscall_go_proto"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/uniqueid"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/state"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/state/wire"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 )
 
+// VFS2Enabled is set to true when VFS2 is enabled. Added as a global for allow
+// easy access everywhere. To be removed once VFS2 becomes the default.
+var VFS2Enabled = false
+
+// FUSEEnabled is set to true when FUSE is enabled. Added as a global for allow
+// easy access everywhere. To be removed once FUSE is completed.
+var FUSEEnabled = false
+
 // Kernel represents an emulated Linux kernel. It must be initialized by calling
 // Init() or LoadFrom().
 //
@@ -104,7 +119,7 @@ type Kernel struct {
 	timekeeper                  *Timekeeper
 	tasks                       *TaskSet
 	rootUserNamespace           *auth.UserNamespace
-	networkStack                inet.Stack `state:"nosave"`
+	rootNetworkNamespace        *inet.Namespace
 	applicationCores            uint
 	useHostCores                bool
 	extraAuxv                   []arch.AuxEntry
@@ -183,11 +198,6 @@ type Kernel struct {
 	// cpuClockTickerSetting is protected by runningTasksMu.
 	cpuClockTickerSetting ktime.Setting
 
-	// fdMapUids is an ever-increasing counter for generating FDTable uids.
-	//
-	// fdMapUids is mutable, and is accessed using atomic memory operations.
-	fdMapUids uint64
-
 	// uniqueID is used to generate unique identifiers.
 	//
 	// uniqueID is mutable, and is accessed using atomic memory operations.
@@ -234,6 +244,36 @@ type Kernel struct {
 	// events. This is initialized lazily on the first unimplemented
 	// syscall.
 	unimplementedSyscallEmitter eventchannel.Emitter `state:"nosave"`
+
+	// SpecialOpts contains special kernel options.
+	SpecialOpts
+
+	// VFS keeps the filesystem state used across the kernel.
+	vfs vfs.VirtualFilesystem
+
+	// hostMount is the Mount used for file descriptors that were imported
+	// from the host.
+	hostMount *vfs.Mount
+
+	// pipeMount is the Mount used for pipes created by the pipe() and pipe2()
+	// syscalls (as opposed to named pipes created by mknod()).
+	pipeMount *vfs.Mount
+
+	// shmMount is the Mount used for anonymous files created by the
+	// memfd_create() syscalls. It is analagous to Linux's shm_mnt.
+	shmMount *vfs.Mount
+
+	// socketMount is the Mount used for sockets created by the socket() and
+	// socketpair() syscalls. There are several cases where a socket dentry will
+	// not be contained in socketMount:
+	// 1. Socket files created by mknod()
+	// 2. Socket fds imported from the host (Kernel.hostMount is used for these)
+	// 3. Socket files created by binding Unix sockets to a file path
+	socketMount *vfs.Mount
+
+	// If set to true, report address space activation waits as if the task is in
+	// external wait so that the watchdog doesn't report the task stuck.
+	SleepForAddressSpaceActivation bool
 }
 
 // InitKernelArgs holds arguments to Init.
@@ -247,8 +287,9 @@ type InitKernelArgs struct {
 	// RootUserNamespace is the root user namespace.
 	RootUserNamespace *auth.UserNamespace
 
-	// NetworkStack is the TCP/IP network stack. NetworkStack may be nil.
-	NetworkStack inet.Stack
+	// RootNetworkNamespace is the root network namespace. If nil, no networking
+	// will be available.
+	RootNetworkNamespace *inet.Namespace
 
 	// ApplicationCores is the number of logical CPUs visible to sandboxed
 	// applications. The set of logical CPU IDs is [0, ApplicationCores); thus
@@ -293,6 +334,9 @@ func (k *Kernel) Init(args InitKernelArgs) error {
 	if args.Timekeeper == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Timekeeper is nil")
 	}
+	if args.Timekeeper.clocks == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Must call Timekeeper.SetClocks() before Kernel.Init()")
+	}
 	if args.RootUserNamespace == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("RootUserNamespace is nil")
 	}
@@ -307,7 +351,10 @@ func (k *Kernel) Init(args InitKernelArgs) error {
 	k.rootUTSNamespace = args.RootUTSNamespace
 	k.rootIPCNamespace = args.RootIPCNamespace
 	k.rootAbstractSocketNamespace = args.RootAbstractSocketNamespace
-	k.networkStack = args.NetworkStack
+	k.rootNetworkNamespace = args.RootNetworkNamespace
+	if k.rootNetworkNamespace == nil {
+		k.rootNetworkNamespace = inet.NewRootNamespace(nil, nil)
+	}
 	k.applicationCores = args.ApplicationCores
 	if args.UseHostCores {
 		k.useHostCores = true
@@ -327,13 +374,55 @@ func (k *Kernel) Init(args InitKernelArgs) error {
 	k.monotonicClock = &timekeeperClock{tk: args.Timekeeper, c: sentrytime.Monotonic}
 	k.futexes = futex.NewManager()
 	k.netlinkPorts = port.New()
+
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		ctx := k.SupervisorContext()
+		if err := k.vfs.Init(ctx); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize VFS: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		pipeFilesystem, err := pipefs.NewFilesystem(&k.vfs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create pipefs filesystem: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer pipeFilesystem.DecRef(ctx)
+		pipeMount, err := k.vfs.NewDisconnectedMount(pipeFilesystem, nil, &vfs.MountOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create pipefs mount: %v", err)
+		}
+		k.pipeMount = pipeMount
+
+		tmpfsFilesystem, tmpfsRoot, err := tmpfs.NewFilesystem(ctx, &k.vfs, auth.NewRootCredentials(k.rootUserNamespace))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create tmpfs filesystem: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer tmpfsFilesystem.DecRef(ctx)
+		defer tmpfsRoot.DecRef(ctx)
+		shmMount, err := k.vfs.NewDisconnectedMount(tmpfsFilesystem, tmpfsRoot, &vfs.MountOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create tmpfs mount: %v", err)
+		}
+		k.shmMount = shmMount
+
+		socketFilesystem, err := sockfs.NewFilesystem(&k.vfs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create sockfs filesystem: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer socketFilesystem.DecRef(ctx)
+		socketMount, err := k.vfs.NewDisconnectedMount(socketFilesystem, nil, &vfs.MountOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create sockfs mount: %v", err)
+		}
+		k.socketMount = socketMount
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
 // SaveTo saves the state of k to w.
 //
 // Preconditions: The kernel must be paused throughout the call to SaveTo.
-func (k *Kernel) SaveTo(w io.Writer) error {
+func (k *Kernel) SaveTo(w wire.Writer) error {
 	saveStart := time.Now()
 	ctx := k.SupervisorContext()
 
@@ -342,8 +431,8 @@ func (k *Kernel) SaveTo(w io.Writer) error {
 	defer k.extMu.Unlock()
 
 	// Stop time.
-	k.pauseTimeLocked()
-	defer k.resumeTimeLocked()
+	k.pauseTimeLocked(ctx)
+	defer k.resumeTimeLocked(ctx)
 
 	// Evict all evictable MemoryFile allocations.
 	k.mf.StartEvictions()
@@ -359,18 +448,16 @@ func (k *Kernel) SaveTo(w io.Writer) error {
 	// Remove all epoll waiter objects from underlying wait queues.
 	// NOTE: for programs to resume execution in future snapshot scenarios,
 	// we will need to re-establish these waiter objects after saving.
-	k.tasks.unregisterEpollWaiters()
+	k.tasks.unregisterEpollWaiters(ctx)
 
 	// Clear the dirent cache before saving because Dirents must be Loaded in a
 	// particular order (parents before children), and Loading dirents from a cache
 	// breaks that order.
-	if err := k.flushMountSourceRefs(); err != nil {
+	if err := k.flushMountSourceRefs(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Ensure that all pending asynchronous work is complete:
-	//   - inode and mount release
-	//   - asynchronuous IO
+	// Ensure that all inode and mount release operations have completed.
 	fs.AsyncBarrier()
 
 	// Once all fs work has completed (flushed references have all been released),
@@ -391,23 +478,23 @@ func (k *Kernel) SaveTo(w io.Writer) error {
 	//
 	// N.B. This will also be saved along with the full kernel save below.
 	cpuidStart := time.Now()
-	if err := state.Save(w, k.FeatureSet(), nil); err != nil {
+	if _, err := state.Save(k.SupervisorContext(), w, k.FeatureSet()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	log.Infof("CPUID save took [%s].", time.Since(cpuidStart))
 
 	// Save the kernel state.
 	kernelStart := time.Now()
-	var stats state.Stats
-	if err := state.Save(w, k, &stats); err != nil {
+	stats, err := state.Save(k.SupervisorContext(), w, k)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	log.Infof("Kernel save stats: %s", &stats)
+	log.Infof("Kernel save stats: %s", stats.String())
 	log.Infof("Kernel save took [%s].", time.Since(kernelStart))
 
 	// Save the memory file's state.
 	memoryStart := time.Now()
-	if err := k.mf.SaveTo(w); err != nil {
+	if err := k.mf.SaveTo(k.SupervisorContext(), w); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	log.Infof("Memory save took [%s].", time.Since(memoryStart))
@@ -419,7 +506,7 @@ func (k *Kernel) SaveTo(w io.Writer) error {
 
 // flushMountSourceRefs flushes the MountSources for all mounted filesystems
 // and open FDs.
-func (k *Kernel) flushMountSourceRefs() error {
+func (k *Kernel) flushMountSourceRefs(ctx context.Context) error {
 	// Flush all mount sources for currently mounted filesystems in each task.
 	flushed := make(map[*fs.MountNamespace]struct{})
 	k.tasks.mu.RLock()
@@ -435,17 +522,22 @@ func (k *Kernel) flushMountSourceRefs() error {
 
 	// There may be some open FDs whose filesystems have been unmounted. We
 	// must flush those as well.
-	return k.tasks.forEachFDPaused(func(file *fs.File) error {
+	return k.tasks.forEachFDPaused(ctx, func(file *fs.File, _ *vfs.FileDescription) error {
 		file.Dirent.Inode.MountSource.FlushDirentRefs()
 		return nil
 	})
 }
 
-// forEachFDPaused applies the given function to each open file descriptor in each
-// task.
+// forEachFDPaused applies the given function to each open file descriptor in
+// each task.
 //
 // Precondition: Must be called with the kernel paused.
-func (ts *TaskSet) forEachFDPaused(f func(*fs.File) error) (err error) {
+func (ts *TaskSet) forEachFDPaused(ctx context.Context, f func(*fs.File, *vfs.FileDescription) error) (err error) {
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1663): Add save support for VFS2.
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	ts.mu.RLock()
 	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
 	for t := range ts.Root.tids {
@@ -453,8 +545,8 @@ func (ts *TaskSet) forEachFDPaused(f func(*fs.File) error) (err error) {
 		if t.fdTable == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		t.fdTable.forEach(func(_ int32, file *fs.File, _ FDFlags) {
-			if lastErr := f(file); lastErr != nil && err == nil {
+		t.fdTable.forEach(ctx, func(_ int32, file *fs.File, fileVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription, _ FDFlags) {
+			if lastErr := f(file, fileVFS2); lastErr != nil && err == nil {
 				err = lastErr
 			}
 		})
@@ -463,7 +555,8 @@ func (ts *TaskSet) forEachFDPaused(f func(*fs.File) error) (err error) {
 }
 
 func (ts *TaskSet) flushWritesToFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return ts.forEachFDPaused(func(file *fs.File) error {
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1663): Add save support for VFS2.
+	return ts.forEachFDPaused(ctx, func(file *fs.File, _ *vfs.FileDescription) error {
 		if flags := file.Flags(); !flags.Write {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -474,12 +567,9 @@ func (ts *TaskSet) flushWritesToFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
 		syncErr := file.Fsync(ctx, 0, fs.FileMaxOffset, fs.SyncAll)
 		if err := fs.SaveFileFsyncError(syncErr); err != nil {
 			name, _ := file.Dirent.FullName(nil /* root */)
-			// Wrap this error in ErrSaveRejection
-			// so that it will trigger a save
-			// error, rather than a panic. This
-			// also allows us to distinguish Fsync
-			// errors from state file errors in
-			// state.Save.
+			// Wrap this error in ErrSaveRejection so that it will trigger a save
+			// error, rather than a panic. This also allows us to distinguish Fsync
+			// errors from state file errors in state.Save.
 			return fs.ErrSaveRejection{
 				Err: fmt.Errorf("%q was not sufficiently synced: %v", name, err),
 			}
@@ -513,27 +603,40 @@ func (k *Kernel) invalidateUnsavableMappings(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (ts *TaskSet) unregisterEpollWaiters() {
+func (ts *TaskSet) unregisterEpollWaiters(ctx context.Context) {
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1663): Add save support for VFS2.
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		return
+	}
+
 	ts.mu.RLock()
 	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// Tasks that belong to the same process could potentially point to the
+	// same FDTable. So we retain a map of processed ones to avoid
+	// processing the same FDTable multiple times.
+	processed := make(map[*FDTable]struct{})
 	for t := range ts.Root.tids {
 		// We can skip locking Task.mu here since the kernel is paused.
-		if t.fdTable != nil {
-			t.fdTable.forEach(func(_ int32, file *fs.File, _ FDFlags) {
-				if e, ok := file.FileOperations.(*epoll.EventPoll); ok {
-					e.UnregisterEpollWaiters()
-				}
-			})
+		if t.fdTable == nil {
+			continue
 		}
+		if _, ok := processed[t.fdTable]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		t.fdTable.forEach(ctx, func(_ int32, file *fs.File, _ *vfs.FileDescription, _ FDFlags) {
+			if e, ok := file.FileOperations.(*epoll.EventPoll); ok {
+				e.UnregisterEpollWaiters()
+			}
+		})
+		processed[t.fdTable] = struct{}{}
 	}
 }
 
 // LoadFrom returns a new Kernel loaded from args.
-func (k *Kernel) LoadFrom(r io.Reader, net inet.Stack, clocks sentrytime.Clocks) error {
+func (k *Kernel) LoadFrom(r wire.Reader, net inet.Stack, clocks sentrytime.Clocks) error {
 	loadStart := time.Now()
 
-	k.networkStack = net
-
 	initAppCores := k.applicationCores
 
 	// Load the pre-saved CPUID FeatureSet.
@@ -542,7 +645,7 @@ func (k *Kernel) LoadFrom(r io.Reader, net inet.Stack, clocks sentrytime.Clocks)
 	// don't need to explicitly install it in the Kernel.
 	cpuidStart := time.Now()
 	var features cpuid.FeatureSet
-	if err := state.Load(r, &features, nil); err != nil {
+	if _, err := state.Load(k.SupervisorContext(), r, &features); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	log.Infof("CPUID load took [%s].", time.Since(cpuidStart))
@@ -557,16 +660,20 @@ func (k *Kernel) LoadFrom(r io.Reader, net inet.Stack, clocks sentrytime.Clocks)
 
 	// Load the kernel state.
 	kernelStart := time.Now()
-	var stats state.Stats
-	if err := state.Load(r, k, &stats); err != nil {
+	stats, err := state.Load(k.SupervisorContext(), r, k)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	log.Infof("Kernel load stats: %s", &stats)
+	log.Infof("Kernel load stats: %s", stats.String())
 	log.Infof("Kernel load took [%s].", time.Since(kernelStart))
 
+	// rootNetworkNamespace should be populated after loading the state file.
+	// Restore the root network stack.
+	k.rootNetworkNamespace.RestoreRootStack(net)
+
 	// Load the memory file's state.
 	memoryStart := time.Now()
-	if err := k.mf.LoadFrom(r); err != nil {
+	if err := k.mf.LoadFrom(k.SupervisorContext(), r); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	log.Infof("Memory load took [%s].", time.Since(memoryStart))
@@ -622,7 +729,7 @@ type CreateProcessArgs struct {
 	// File is a passed host FD pointing to a file to load as the init binary.
 	//
 	// This is checked if and only if Filename is "".
-	File *fs.File
+	File fsbridge.File
 
 	// Argvv is a list of arguments.
 	Argv []string
@@ -671,6 +778,13 @@ type CreateProcessArgs struct {
 	// increment it).
 	MountNamespace *fs.MountNamespace
 
+	// MountNamespaceVFS2 optionally contains the mount namespace for this
+	// process. If nil, the init process's mount namespace is used.
+	//
+	// Anyone setting MountNamespaceVFS2 must donate a reference (i.e.
+	// increment it).
+	MountNamespaceVFS2 *vfs.MountNamespace
+
 	// ContainerID is the container that the process belongs to.
 	ContainerID string
 }
@@ -709,13 +823,26 @@ func (ctx *createProcessContext) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
 		return ctx.args.Credentials
 	case fs.CtxRoot:
 		if ctx.args.MountNamespace != nil {
-			// MountNamespace.Root() will take a reference on the root
-			// dirent for us.
+			// MountNamespace.Root() will take a reference on the root dirent for us.
 			return ctx.args.MountNamespace.Root()
 		}
 		return nil
+	case vfs.CtxRoot:
+		if ctx.args.MountNamespaceVFS2 == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		// MountNamespaceVFS2.Root() takes a reference on the root dirent for us.
+		return ctx.args.MountNamespaceVFS2.Root()
+	case vfs.CtxMountNamespace:
+		if ctx.k.globalInit == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		// MountNamespaceVFS2 takes a reference for us.
+		return ctx.k.GlobalInit().Leader().MountNamespaceVFS2()
 	case fs.CtxDirentCacheLimiter:
 		return ctx.k.DirentCacheLimiter
+	case inet.CtxStack:
+		return ctx.k.RootNetworkNamespace().Stack()
 	case ktime.CtxRealtimeClock:
 		return ctx.k.RealtimeClock()
 	case limits.CtxLimits:
@@ -755,34 +882,77 @@ func (k *Kernel) CreateProcess(args CreateProcessArgs) (*ThreadGroup, ThreadID,
 	defer k.extMu.Unlock()
 	log.Infof("EXEC: %v", args.Argv)
 
-	// Grab the mount namespace.
-	mounts := args.MountNamespace
-	if mounts == nil {
-		mounts = k.GlobalInit().Leader().MountNamespace()
-		mounts.IncRef()
-	}
-
-	tg := k.newThreadGroup(mounts, args.PIDNamespace, NewSignalHandlers(), linux.SIGCHLD, args.Limits, k.monotonicClock)
 	ctx := args.NewContext(k)
 
-	// Get the root directory from the MountNamespace.
-	root := mounts.Root()
-	// The call to newFSContext below will take a reference on root, so we
-	// don't need to hold this one.
-	defer root.DecRef()
-
-	// Grab the working directory.
-	remainingTraversals := uint(args.MaxSymlinkTraversals)
-	wd := root // Default.
-	if args.WorkingDirectory != "" {
-		var err error
-		wd, err = mounts.FindInode(ctx, root, nil, args.WorkingDirectory, &remainingTraversals)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to find initial working directory %q: %v", args.WorkingDirectory, err)
+	var (
+		opener    fsbridge.Lookup
+		fsContext *FSContext
+		mntns     *fs.MountNamespace
+	)
+
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		mntnsVFS2 := args.MountNamespaceVFS2
+		if mntnsVFS2 == nil {
+			// MountNamespaceVFS2 adds a reference to the namespace, which is
+			// transferred to the new process.
+			mntnsVFS2 = k.globalInit.Leader().MountNamespaceVFS2()
+		}
+		// Get the root directory from the MountNamespace.
+		root := args.MountNamespaceVFS2.Root()
+		// The call to newFSContext below will take a reference on root, so we
+		// don't need to hold this one.
+		defer root.DecRef(ctx)
+
+		// Grab the working directory.
+		wd := root // Default.
+		if args.WorkingDirectory != "" {
+			pop := vfs.PathOperation{
+				Root:               root,
+				Start:              wd,
+				Path:               fspath.Parse(args.WorkingDirectory),
+				FollowFinalSymlink: true,
+			}
+			var err error
+			wd, err = k.VFS().GetDentryAt(ctx, args.Credentials, &pop, &vfs.GetDentryOptions{
+				CheckSearchable: true,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to find initial working directory %q: %v", args.WorkingDirectory, err)
+			}
+			defer wd.DecRef(ctx)
+		}
+		opener = fsbridge.NewVFSLookup(mntnsVFS2, root, wd)
+		fsContext = NewFSContextVFS2(root, wd, args.Umask)
+
+	} else {
+		mntns = args.MountNamespace
+		if mntns == nil {
+			mntns = k.GlobalInit().Leader().MountNamespace()
+			mntns.IncRef()
+		}
+		// Get the root directory from the MountNamespace.
+		root := mntns.Root()
+		// The call to newFSContext below will take a reference on root, so we
+		// don't need to hold this one.
+		defer root.DecRef(ctx)
+
+		// Grab the working directory.
+		remainingTraversals := args.MaxSymlinkTraversals
+		wd := root // Default.
+		if args.WorkingDirectory != "" {
+			var err error
+			wd, err = mntns.FindInode(ctx, root, nil, args.WorkingDirectory, &remainingTraversals)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to find initial working directory %q: %v", args.WorkingDirectory, err)
+			}
+			defer wd.DecRef(ctx)
 		}
-		defer wd.DecRef()
+		opener = fsbridge.NewFSLookup(mntns, root, wd)
+		fsContext = newFSContext(root, wd, args.Umask)
 	}
 
+	tg := k.NewThreadGroup(mntns, args.PIDNamespace, NewSignalHandlers(), linux.SIGCHLD, args.Limits)
+
 	// Check which file to start from.
 	switch {
 	case args.Filename != "":
@@ -803,15 +973,14 @@ func (k *Kernel) CreateProcess(args CreateProcessArgs) (*ThreadGroup, ThreadID,
 	}
 
 	// Create a fresh task context.
-	remainingTraversals = uint(args.MaxSymlinkTraversals)
+	remainingTraversals := args.MaxSymlinkTraversals
 	loadArgs := loader.LoadArgs{
-		Mounts:              mounts,
-		Root:                root,
-		WorkingDirectory:    wd,
+		Opener:              opener,
 		RemainingTraversals: &remainingTraversals,
 		ResolveFinal:        true,
 		Filename:            args.Filename,
 		File:                args.File,
+		CloseOnExec:         false,
 		Argv:                args.Argv,
 		Envv:                args.Envv,
 		Features:            k.featureSet,
@@ -831,18 +1000,22 @@ func (k *Kernel) CreateProcess(args CreateProcessArgs) (*ThreadGroup, ThreadID,
 		Kernel:                  k,
 		ThreadGroup:             tg,
 		TaskContext:             tc,
-		FSContext:               newFSContext(root, wd, args.Umask),
+		FSContext:               fsContext,
 		FDTable:                 args.FDTable,
 		Credentials:             args.Credentials,
+		NetworkNamespace:        k.RootNetworkNamespace(),
 		AllowedCPUMask:          sched.NewFullCPUSet(k.applicationCores),
 		UTSNamespace:            args.UTSNamespace,
 		IPCNamespace:            args.IPCNamespace,
 		AbstractSocketNamespace: args.AbstractSocketNamespace,
+		MountNamespaceVFS2:      args.MountNamespaceVFS2,
 		ContainerID:             args.ContainerID,
 	}
-	if _, err := k.tasks.NewTask(config); err != nil {
+	t, err := k.tasks.NewTask(config)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
+	t.traceExecEvent(tc) // Simulate exec for tracing.
 
 	// Success.
 	tgid := k.tasks.Root.IDOfThreadGroup(tg)
@@ -882,7 +1055,7 @@ func (k *Kernel) Start() error {
 	// If k was created by LoadKernelFrom, timers were stopped during
 	// Kernel.SaveTo and need to be resumed. If k was created by NewKernel,
 	// this is a no-op.
-	k.resumeTimeLocked()
+	k.resumeTimeLocked(k.SupervisorContext())
 	// Start task goroutines.
 	k.tasks.mu.RLock()
 	defer k.tasks.mu.RUnlock()
@@ -896,7 +1069,7 @@ func (k *Kernel) Start() error {
 //
 // Preconditions: Any task goroutines running in k must be stopped. k.extMu
 // must be locked.
-func (k *Kernel) pauseTimeLocked() {
+func (k *Kernel) pauseTimeLocked(ctx context.Context) {
 	// k.cpuClockTicker may be nil since Kernel.SaveTo() may be called before
 	// Kernel.Start().
 	if k.cpuClockTicker != nil {
@@ -918,9 +1091,15 @@ func (k *Kernel) pauseTimeLocked() {
 		// This means we'll iterate FDTables shared by multiple tasks repeatedly,
 		// but ktime.Timer.Pause is idempotent so this is harmless.
 		if t.fdTable != nil {
-			t.fdTable.forEach(func(_ int32, file *fs.File, _ FDFlags) {
-				if tfd, ok := file.FileOperations.(*timerfd.TimerOperations); ok {
-					tfd.PauseTimer()
+			t.fdTable.forEach(ctx, func(_ int32, file *fs.File, fd *vfs.FileDescription, _ FDFlags) {
+				if VFS2Enabled {
+					if tfd, ok := fd.Impl().(*timerfd.TimerFileDescription); ok {
+						tfd.PauseTimer()
+					}
+				} else {
+					if tfd, ok := file.FileOperations.(*oldtimerfd.TimerOperations); ok {
+						tfd.PauseTimer()
+					}
 				}
 			})
 		}
@@ -934,7 +1113,7 @@ func (k *Kernel) pauseTimeLocked() {
 //
 // Preconditions: Any task goroutines running in k must be stopped. k.extMu
 // must be locked.
-func (k *Kernel) resumeTimeLocked() {
+func (k *Kernel) resumeTimeLocked(ctx context.Context) {
 	if k.cpuClockTicker != nil {
 		k.cpuClockTicker.Resume()
 	}
@@ -948,9 +1127,15 @@ func (k *Kernel) resumeTimeLocked() {
 			}
 		}
 		if t.fdTable != nil {
-			t.fdTable.forEach(func(_ int32, file *fs.File, _ FDFlags) {
-				if tfd, ok := file.FileOperations.(*timerfd.TimerOperations); ok {
-					tfd.ResumeTimer()
+			t.fdTable.forEach(ctx, func(_ int32, file *fs.File, fd *vfs.FileDescription, _ FDFlags) {
+				if VFS2Enabled {
+					if tfd, ok := fd.Impl().(*timerfd.TimerFileDescription); ok {
+						tfd.ResumeTimer()
+					}
+				} else {
+					if tfd, ok := file.FileOperations.(*oldtimerfd.TimerOperations); ok {
+						tfd.ResumeTimer()
+					}
 				}
 			})
 		}
@@ -1067,13 +1252,22 @@ func (k *Kernel) Kill(es ExitStatus) {
 }
 
 // Pause requests that all tasks in k temporarily stop executing, and blocks
-// until all tasks in k have stopped. Multiple calls to Pause nest and require
-// an equal number of calls to Unpause to resume execution.
+// until all tasks and asynchronous I/O operations in k have stopped. Multiple
+// calls to Pause nest and require an equal number of calls to Unpause to
+// resume execution.
 func (k *Kernel) Pause() {
 	k.extMu.Lock()
 	k.tasks.BeginExternalStop()
 	k.extMu.Unlock()
 	k.tasks.runningGoroutines.Wait()
+	k.tasks.aioGoroutines.Wait()
+}
+
+// ReceiveTaskStates receives full states for all tasks.
+func (k *Kernel) ReceiveTaskStates() {
+	k.extMu.Lock()
+	k.tasks.PullFullState()
+	k.extMu.Unlock()
 }
 
 // Unpause ends the effect of a previous call to Pause. If Unpause is called
@@ -1095,6 +1289,14 @@ func (k *Kernel) SendExternalSignal(info *arch.SignalInfo, context string) {
 	k.sendExternalSignal(info, context)
 }
 
+// SendExternalSignalThreadGroup injects a signal into an specific ThreadGroup.
+// This function doesn't skip signals like SendExternalSignal does.
+func (k *Kernel) SendExternalSignalThreadGroup(tg *ThreadGroup, info *arch.SignalInfo) error {
+	k.extMu.Lock()
+	defer k.extMu.Unlock()
+	return tg.SendSignal(info)
+}
+
 // SendContainerSignal sends the given signal to all processes inside the
 // namespace that match the given container ID.
 func (k *Kernel) SendContainerSignal(cid string, info *arch.SignalInfo) error {
@@ -1117,6 +1319,22 @@ func (k *Kernel) SendContainerSignal(cid string, info *arch.SignalInfo) error {
 	return lastErr
 }
 
+// RebuildTraceContexts rebuilds the trace context for all tasks.
+//
+// Unfortunately, if these are built while tracing is not enabled, then we will
+// not have meaningful trace data. Rebuilding here ensures that we can do so
+// after tracing has been enabled.
+func (k *Kernel) RebuildTraceContexts() {
+	k.extMu.Lock()
+	defer k.extMu.Unlock()
+	k.tasks.mu.RLock()
+	defer k.tasks.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	for t, tid := range k.tasks.Root.tids {
+		t.rebuildTraceContext(tid)
+	}
+}
+
 // FeatureSet returns the FeatureSet.
 func (k *Kernel) FeatureSet() *cpuid.FeatureSet {
 	return k.featureSet
@@ -1157,10 +1375,9 @@ func (k *Kernel) RootAbstractSocketNamespace() *AbstractSocketNamespace {
 	return k.rootAbstractSocketNamespace
 }
 
-// NetworkStack returns the network stack. NetworkStack may return nil if no
-// network stack is available.
-func (k *Kernel) NetworkStack() inet.Stack {
-	return k.networkStack
+// RootNetworkNamespace returns the root network namespace, always non-nil.
+func (k *Kernel) RootNetworkNamespace() *inet.Namespace {
+	return k.rootNetworkNamespace
 }
 
 // GlobalInit returns the thread group with ID 1 in the root PID namespace, or
@@ -1172,6 +1389,11 @@ func (k *Kernel) GlobalInit() *ThreadGroup {
 	return k.globalInit
 }
 
+// TestOnly_SetGlobalInit sets the thread group with ID 1 in the root PID namespace.
+func (k *Kernel) TestOnly_SetGlobalInit(tg *ThreadGroup) {
+	k.globalInit = tg
+}
+
 // ApplicationCores returns the number of CPUs visible to sandboxed
 // applications.
 func (k *Kernel) ApplicationCores() uint {
@@ -1255,6 +1477,11 @@ func (k *Kernel) NowMonotonic() int64 {
 	return now
 }
 
+// AfterFunc implements tcpip.Clock.AfterFunc.
+func (k *Kernel) AfterFunc(d time.Duration, f func()) tcpip.Timer {
+	return ktime.TcpipAfterFunc(k.realtimeClock, d, f)
+}
+
 // SetMemoryFile sets Kernel.mf. SetMemoryFile must be called before Init or
 // LoadFrom.
 func (k *Kernel) SetMemoryFile(mf *pgalloc.MemoryFile) {
@@ -1285,13 +1512,14 @@ func (k *Kernel) SupervisorContext() context.Context {
 // +stateify savable
 type SocketEntry struct {
 	socketEntry
-	k    *Kernel
-	Sock *refs.WeakRef
-	ID   uint64 // Socket table entry number.
+	k        *Kernel
+	Sock     *refs.WeakRef
+	SockVFS2 *vfs.FileDescription
+	ID       uint64 // Socket table entry number.
 }
 
 // WeakRefGone implements refs.WeakRefUser.WeakRefGone.
-func (s *SocketEntry) WeakRefGone() {
+func (s *SocketEntry) WeakRefGone(context.Context) {
 	s.k.extMu.Lock()
 	s.k.sockets.Remove(s)
 	s.k.extMu.Unlock()
@@ -1310,7 +1538,30 @@ func (k *Kernel) RecordSocket(sock *fs.File) {
 	k.extMu.Unlock()
 }
 
+// RecordSocketVFS2 adds a VFS2 socket to the system-wide socket table for
+// tracking.
+//
+// Precondition: Caller must hold a reference to sock.
+//
+// Note that the socket table will not hold a reference on the
+// vfs.FileDescription, because we do not support weak refs on VFS2 files.
+func (k *Kernel) RecordSocketVFS2(sock *vfs.FileDescription) {
+	k.extMu.Lock()
+	id := k.nextSocketEntry
+	k.nextSocketEntry++
+	s := &SocketEntry{
+		k:        k,
+		ID:       id,
+		SockVFS2: sock,
+	}
+	k.sockets.PushBack(s)
+	k.extMu.Unlock()
+}
+
 // ListSockets returns a snapshot of all sockets.
+//
+// Callers of ListSockets() in VFS2 should use SocketEntry.SockVFS2.TryIncRef()
+// to get a reference on a socket in the table.
 func (k *Kernel) ListSockets() []*SocketEntry {
 	k.extMu.Lock()
 	var socks []*SocketEntry
@@ -1321,6 +1572,7 @@ func (k *Kernel) ListSockets() []*SocketEntry {
 	return socks
 }
 
+// supervisorContext is a privileged context.
 type supervisorContext struct {
 	context.NoopSleeper
 	log.Logger
@@ -1351,8 +1603,24 @@ func (ctx supervisorContext) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
 			return ctx.k.globalInit.mounts.Root()
 		}
 		return nil
+	case vfs.CtxRoot:
+		if ctx.k.globalInit == nil {
+			return vfs.VirtualDentry{}
+		}
+		mntns := ctx.k.GlobalInit().Leader().MountNamespaceVFS2()
+		defer mntns.DecRef(ctx)
+		// Root() takes a reference on the root dirent for us.
+		return mntns.Root()
+	case vfs.CtxMountNamespace:
+		if ctx.k.globalInit == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		// MountNamespaceVFS2() takes a reference for us.
+		return ctx.k.GlobalInit().Leader().MountNamespaceVFS2()
 	case fs.CtxDirentCacheLimiter:
 		return ctx.k.DirentCacheLimiter
+	case inet.CtxStack:
+		return ctx.k.RootNetworkNamespace().Stack()
 	case ktime.CtxRealtimeClock:
 		return ctx.k.RealtimeClock()
 	case limits.CtxLimits:
@@ -1396,3 +1664,36 @@ func (k *Kernel) EmitUnimplementedEvent(ctx context.Context) {
 		Registers: t.Arch().StateData().Proto(),
 	})
 }
+
+// VFS returns the virtual filesystem for the kernel.
+func (k *Kernel) VFS() *vfs.VirtualFilesystem {
+	return &k.vfs
+}
+
+// SetHostMount sets the hostfs mount.
+func (k *Kernel) SetHostMount(mnt *vfs.Mount) {
+	if k.hostMount != nil {
+		panic("Kernel.hostMount cannot be set more than once")
+	}
+	k.hostMount = mnt
+}
+
+// HostMount returns the hostfs mount.
+func (k *Kernel) HostMount() *vfs.Mount {
+	return k.hostMount
+}
+
+// PipeMount returns the pipefs mount.
+func (k *Kernel) PipeMount() *vfs.Mount {
+	return k.pipeMount
+}
+
+// ShmMount returns the tmpfs mount.
+func (k *Kernel) ShmMount() *vfs.Mount {
+	return k.shmMount
+}
+
+// SocketMount returns the sockfs mount.
+func (k *Kernel) SocketMount() *vfs.Mount {
+	return k.socketMount
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/buffer_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/kernel_opts.go
index ee1b90115..2e66ec587 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/buffer_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/kernel_opts.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2019 The gVisor Authors.
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,21 +12,9 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package pipe
+package kernel
 
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
-)
-
-func TestBufferSize(t *testing.T) {
-	bufferSize := unsafe.Sizeof(buffer{})
-	if bufferSize < usermem.PageSize {
-		t.Errorf("buffer is less than a page")
-	}
-	if bufferSize > (2 * usermem.PageSize) {
-		t.Errorf("buffer is greater than two pages")
-	}
-}
+// SpecialOpts contains non-standard options for the kernel.
+//
+// +stateify savable
+type SpecialOpts struct{}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/BUILD
index d7a7d1169..4486848d2 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/BUILD
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//proto:def.bzl", "go_proto_library")
-load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_proto_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "proto_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
 go_library(
     name = "memevent",
     srcs = ["memory_events.go"],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent",
     visibility = ["//:sandbox"],
     deps = [
         ":memory_events_go_proto",
@@ -16,24 +13,12 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/metric",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel",
         "//pkg/sentry/usage",
+        "//pkg/sync",
     ],
 )
 
 proto_library(
-    name = "memory_events_proto",
+    name = "memory_events",
     srcs = ["memory_events.proto"],
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
-
-cc_proto_library(
-    name = "memory_events_cc_proto",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-    deps = [":memory_events_proto"],
-)
-
-go_proto_library(
-    name = "memory_events_go_proto",
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/memory_events_go_proto",
-    proto = ":memory_events_proto",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/memory_events.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/memory_events.go
index b0d98e7f0..200565bb8 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/memory_events.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/memory_events.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package memevent
 
 import (
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/eventchannel"
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel"
 	pb "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/memevent/memory_events_go_proto"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 var totalTicks = metric.MustCreateNewUint64Metric("/memory_events/ticks", false /*sync*/, "Total number of memory event periods that have elapsed since startup.")
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/BUILD
index 9d34f6d4d..449643118 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/BUILD
@@ -1,49 +1,36 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_test")
-load("//tools/go_generics:defs.bzl", "go_template_instance")
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
-go_template_instance(
-    name = "buffer_list",
-    out = "buffer_list.go",
-    package = "pipe",
-    prefix = "buffer",
-    template = "//pkg/ilist:generic_list",
-    types = {
-        "Element": "*buffer",
-        "Linker": "*buffer",
-    },
-)
-
 go_library(
     name = "pipe",
     srcs = [
-        "buffer.go",
-        "buffer_list.go",
         "device.go",
         "node.go",
         "pipe.go",
+        "pipe_unsafe.go",
         "pipe_util.go",
         "reader.go",
         "reader_writer.go",
         "vfs.go",
         "writer.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
         "//pkg/amutex",
+        "//pkg/buffer",
+        "//pkg/context",
+        "//pkg/safemem",
         "//pkg/sentry/arch",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/device",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil",
-        "//pkg/sentry/safemem",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sentry/fs/lock",
         "//pkg/sentry/vfs",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
 )
@@ -52,17 +39,16 @@ go_test(
     name = "pipe_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = [
-        "buffer_test.go",
         "node_test.go",
         "pipe_test.go",
     ],
-    embed = [":pipe"],
+    library = ":pipe",
     deps = [
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context/contexttest",
+        "//pkg/context",
+        "//pkg/sentry/contexttest",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
         "//pkg/syserror",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/buffer.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/buffer.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 95bee2d37..000000000
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/buffer.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 The gVisor Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package pipe
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"sync"
-
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/safemem"
-)
-
-// buffer encapsulates a queueable byte buffer.
-//
-// Note that the total size is slightly less than two pages. This
-// is done intentionally to ensure that the buffer object aligns
-// with runtime internals. We have no hard size or alignment
-// requirements. This two page size will effectively minimize
-// internal fragmentation, but still have a large enough chunk
-// to limit excessive segmentation.
-//
-// +stateify savable
-type buffer struct {
-	data  [8144]byte
-	read  int
-	write int
-	bufferEntry
-}
-
-// Reset resets internal data.
-//
-// This must be called before use.
-func (b *buffer) Reset() {
-	b.read = 0
-	b.write = 0
-}
-
-// Empty indicates the buffer is empty.
-//
-// This indicates there is no data left to read.
-func (b *buffer) Empty() bool {
-	return b.read == b.write
-}
-
-// Full indicates the buffer is full.
-//
-// This indicates there is no capacity left to write.
-func (b *buffer) Full() bool {
-	return b.write == len(b.data)
-}
-
-// WriteFromBlocks implements safemem.Writer.WriteFromBlocks.
-func (b *buffer) WriteFromBlocks(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
-	dst := safemem.BlockSeqOf(safemem.BlockFromSafeSlice(b.data[b.write:]))
-	n, err := safemem.CopySeq(dst, srcs)
-	b.write += int(n)
-	return n, err
-}
-
-// WriteFromReader writes to the buffer from an io.Reader.
-func (b *buffer) WriteFromReader(r io.Reader, count int64) (int64, error) {
-	dst := b.data[b.write:]
-	if count < int64(len(dst)) {
-		dst = b.data[b.write:][:count]
-	}
-	n, err := r.Read(dst)
-	b.write += n
-	return int64(n), err
-}
-
-// ReadToBlocks implements safemem.Reader.ReadToBlocks.
-func (b *buffer) ReadToBlocks(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
-	src := safemem.BlockSeqOf(safemem.BlockFromSafeSlice(b.data[b.read:b.write]))
-	n, err := safemem.CopySeq(dsts, src)
-	b.read += int(n)
-	return n, err
-}
-
-// ReadToWriter reads from the buffer into an io.Writer.
-func (b *buffer) ReadToWriter(w io.Writer, count int64, dup bool) (int64, error) {
-	src := b.data[b.read:b.write]
-	if count < int64(len(src)) {
-		src = b.data[b.read:][:count]
-	}
-	n, err := w.Write(src)
-	if !dup {
-		b.read += n
-	}
-	return int64(n), err
-}
-
-// bufferPool is a pool for buffers.
-var bufferPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
-		return new(buffer)
-	},
-}
-
-// newBuffer grabs a new buffer from the pool.
-func newBuffer() *buffer {
-	b := bufferPool.Get().(*buffer)
-	b.Reset()
-	return b
-}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node.go
index 4a19ab7ce..6497dc4ba 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node.go
@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@
 package pipe
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
 
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ func (i *inodeOperations) GetFile(ctx context.Context, d *fs.Dirent, flags fs.Fi
 
 		if i.p.isNamed && !flags.NonBlocking && !i.p.HasWriters() {
 			if !waitFor(&i.mu, &i.wWakeup, ctx) {
-				r.DecRef()
+				r.DecRef(ctx)
 				return nil, syserror.ErrInterrupted
 			}
 		}
@@ -112,12 +111,12 @@ func (i *inodeOperations) GetFile(ctx context.Context, d *fs.Dirent, flags fs.Fi
 			// On a nonblocking, write-only open, the open fails with ENXIO if the
 			// read side isn't open yet.
 			if flags.NonBlocking {
-				w.DecRef()
+				w.DecRef(ctx)
 				return nil, syserror.ENXIO
 			}
 
 			if !waitFor(&i.mu, &i.rWakeup, ctx) {
-				w.DecRef()
+				w.DecRef(ctx)
 				return nil, syserror.ErrInterrupted
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node_test.go
index 16fa80abe..ce0db5583 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/node_test.go
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 type sleeper struct {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func TestClosedReaderBlocksWriteOpen(t *testing.T) {
 	f := NewInodeOperations(ctx, perms, newNamedPipe(t))
 
 	rFile, _ := testOpenOrDie(ctx, t, f, fs.FileFlags{Read: true, NonBlocking: true}, nil)
-	rFile.DecRef()
+	rFile.DecRef(ctx)
 
 	wDone := make(chan struct{})
 	// This open for write should block because the reader is now gone.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go
index 1a1b38f83..297e8f28f 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go
@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@ package pipe
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
@@ -70,10 +71,10 @@ type Pipe struct {
 	// mu protects all pipe internal state below.
 	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
 
-	// data is the buffer queue of pipe contents.
+	// view is the underlying set of buffers.
 	//
 	// This is protected by mu.
-	data bufferList
+	view buffer.View
 
 	// max is the maximum size of the pipe in bytes. When this max has been
 	// reached, writers will get EWOULDBLOCK.
@@ -81,11 +82,6 @@ type Pipe struct {
 	// This is protected by mu.
 	max int64
 
-	// size is the current size of the pipe in bytes.
-	//
-	// This is protected by mu.
-	size int64
-
 	// hadWriter indicates if this pipe ever had a writer. Note that this
 	// does not necessarily indicate there is *currently* a writer, just
 	// that there has been a writer at some point since the pipe was
@@ -156,7 +152,7 @@ func NewConnectedPipe(ctx context.Context, sizeBytes, atomicIOBytes int64) (*fs.
 	d := fs.NewDirent(ctx, fs.NewInode(ctx, iops, ms, sattr), fmt.Sprintf("pipe:[%d]", ino))
 	// The p.Open calls below will each take a reference on the Dirent. We
 	// must drop the one we already have.
-	defer d.DecRef()
+	defer d.DecRef(ctx)
 	return p.Open(ctx, d, fs.FileFlags{Read: true}), p.Open(ctx, d, fs.FileFlags{Write: true})
 }
 
@@ -196,7 +192,7 @@ type readOps struct {
 	limit func(int64)
 
 	// read performs the actual read operation.
-	read func(*buffer) (int64, error)
+	read func(*buffer.View) (int64, error)
 }
 
 // read reads data from the pipe into dst and returns the number of bytes
@@ -211,82 +207,27 @@ func (p *Pipe) read(ctx context.Context, ops readOps) (int64, error) {
 
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Is the pipe empty?
-	if p.size == 0 {
-		if !p.HasWriters() {
-			// There are no writers, return EOF.
-			return 0, nil
-		}
-		return 0, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
-	}
-
-	// Limit how much we consume.
-	if ops.left() > p.size {
-		ops.limit(p.size)
-	}
-
-	done := int64(0)
-	for ops.left() > 0 {
-		// Pop the first buffer.
-		first := p.data.Front()
-		if first == nil {
-			break
-		}
-
-		// Copy user data.
-		n, err := ops.read(first)
-		done += int64(n)
-		p.size -= n
-
-		// Empty buffer?
-		if first.Empty() {
-			// Push to the free list.
-			p.data.Remove(first)
-			bufferPool.Put(first)
-		}
-
-		// Handle errors.
-		if err != nil {
-			return done, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return done, nil
+	return p.readLocked(ctx, ops)
 }
 
-// dup duplicates all data from this pipe into the given writer.
-//
-// There is no blocking behavior implemented here. The writer may propagate
-// some blocking error. All the writes must be complete writes.
-func (p *Pipe) dup(ctx context.Context, ops readOps) (int64, error) {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-
+func (p *Pipe) readLocked(ctx context.Context, ops readOps) (int64, error) {
 	// Is the pipe empty?
-	if p.size == 0 {
+	if p.view.Size() == 0 {
 		if !p.HasWriters() {
-			// See above.
+			// There are no writers, return EOF.
 			return 0, nil
 		}
 		return 0, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
 	}
 
 	// Limit how much we consume.
-	if ops.left() > p.size {
-		ops.limit(p.size)
+	if ops.left() > p.view.Size() {
+		ops.limit(p.view.Size())
 	}
 
-	done := int64(0)
-	for buf := p.data.Front(); buf != nil; buf = buf.Next() {
-		n, err := ops.read(buf)
-		done += n
-		if err != nil {
-			return done, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return done, nil
+	// Copy user data; the read op is responsible for trimming.
+	done, err := ops.read(&p.view)
+	return done, err
 }
 
 type writeOps struct {
@@ -297,7 +238,7 @@ type writeOps struct {
 	limit func(int64)
 
 	// write should write to the provided buffer.
-	write func(*buffer) (int64, error)
+	write func(*buffer.View) (int64, error)
 }
 
 // write writes data from sv into the pipe and returns the number of bytes
@@ -308,7 +249,10 @@ type writeOps struct {
 func (p *Pipe) write(ctx context.Context, ops writeOps) (int64, error) {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	return p.writeLocked(ctx, ops)
+}
 
+func (p *Pipe) writeLocked(ctx context.Context, ops writeOps) (int64, error) {
 	// Can't write to a pipe with no readers.
 	if !p.HasReaders() {
 		return 0, syscall.EPIPE
@@ -317,35 +261,28 @@ func (p *Pipe) write(ctx context.Context, ops writeOps) (int64, error) {
 	// POSIX requires that a write smaller than atomicIOBytes (PIPE_BUF) be
 	// atomic, but requires no atomicity for writes larger than this.
 	wanted := ops.left()
-	if avail := p.max - p.size; wanted > avail {
+	avail := p.max - p.view.Size()
+	if wanted > avail {
 		if wanted <= p.atomicIOBytes {
 			return 0, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
 		}
 		ops.limit(avail)
 	}
 
-	done := int64(0)
-	for ops.left() > 0 {
-		// Need a new buffer?
-		last := p.data.Back()
-		if last == nil || last.Full() {
-			// Add a new buffer to the data list.
-			last = newBuffer()
-			p.data.PushBack(last)
-		}
-
-		// Copy user data.
-		n, err := ops.write(last)
-		done += int64(n)
-		p.size += n
+	// Copy user data.
+	done, err := ops.write(&p.view)
+	if err != nil {
+		return done, err
+	}
 
-		// Handle errors.
-		if err != nil {
-			return done, err
-		}
+	if done < avail {
+		// Non-failure, but short write.
+		return done, nil
 	}
-	if wanted > done {
-		// Partial write due to full pipe.
+	if done < wanted {
+		// Partial write due to full pipe. Note that this could also be
+		// the short write case above, we would expect a second call
+		// and the write to return zero bytes in this case.
 		return done, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
 	}
 
@@ -396,7 +333,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) HasWriters() bool {
 // Precondition: mu must be held.
 func (p *Pipe) rReadinessLocked() waiter.EventMask {
 	ready := waiter.EventMask(0)
-	if p.HasReaders() && p.data.Front() != nil {
+	if p.HasReaders() && p.view.Size() != 0 {
 		ready |= waiter.EventIn
 	}
 	if !p.HasWriters() && p.hadWriter {
@@ -422,7 +359,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) rReadiness() waiter.EventMask {
 // Precondition: mu must be held.
 func (p *Pipe) wReadinessLocked() waiter.EventMask {
 	ready := waiter.EventMask(0)
-	if p.HasWriters() && p.size < p.max {
+	if p.HasWriters() && p.view.Size() < p.max {
 		ready |= waiter.EventOut
 	}
 	if !p.HasReaders() {
@@ -451,7 +388,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) rwReadiness() waiter.EventMask {
 func (p *Pipe) queued() int64 {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-	return p.size
+	return p.view.Size()
 }
 
 // FifoSize implements fs.FifoSizer.FifoSize.
@@ -474,7 +411,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) SetFifoSize(size int64) (int64, error) {
 	}
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-	if size < p.size {
+	if size < p.view.Size() {
 		return 0, syserror.EBUSY
 	}
 	p.max = size
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_test.go
index e3a14b665..fe97e9800 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_test.go
@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"testing"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
 func TestPipeRW(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := contexttest.Context(t)
 	r, w := NewConnectedPipe(ctx, 65536, 4096)
-	defer r.DecRef()
-	defer w.DecRef()
+	defer r.DecRef(ctx)
+	defer w.DecRef(ctx)
 
 	msg := []byte("here's some bytes")
 	wantN := int64(len(msg))
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ func TestPipeRW(t *testing.T) {
 func TestPipeReadBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := contexttest.Context(t)
 	r, w := NewConnectedPipe(ctx, 65536, 4096)
-	defer r.DecRef()
-	defer w.DecRef()
+	defer r.DecRef(ctx)
+	defer w.DecRef(ctx)
 
 	n, err := r.Readv(ctx, usermem.BytesIOSequence(make([]byte, 1)))
 	if n != 0 || err != syserror.ErrWouldBlock {
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ func TestPipeWriteBlock(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := contexttest.Context(t)
 	r, w := NewConnectedPipe(ctx, capacity, atomicIOBytes)
-	defer r.DecRef()
-	defer w.DecRef()
+	defer r.DecRef(ctx)
+	defer w.DecRef(ctx)
 
 	msg := make([]byte, capacity+1)
 	n, err := w.Writev(ctx, usermem.BytesIOSequence(msg))
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ func TestPipeWriteUntilEnd(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := contexttest.Context(t)
 	r, w := NewConnectedPipe(ctx, atomicIOBytes, atomicIOBytes)
-	defer r.DecRef()
-	defer w.DecRef()
+	defer r.DecRef(ctx)
+	defer w.DecRef(ctx)
 
 	msg := []byte("here's some bytes")
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_unsafe.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_unsafe.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd60cba24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_unsafe.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package pipe
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// lockTwoPipes locks both x.mu and y.mu in an order that is guaranteed to be
+// consistent for both lockTwoPipes(x, y) and lockTwoPipes(y, x), such that
+// concurrent calls cannot deadlock.
+//
+// Preconditions: x != y.
+func lockTwoPipes(x, y *Pipe) {
+	// Lock the two pipes in order of increasing address.
+	if uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(x)) < uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(y)) {
+		x.mu.Lock()
+		y.mu.Lock()
+	} else {
+		y.mu.Lock()
+		x.mu.Lock()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go
index ef9641e6a..6d58b682f 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go
@@ -17,14 +17,15 @@ package pipe
 import (
 	"io"
 	"math"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/amutex"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ import (
 // the old fs architecture.
 
 // Release cleans up the pipe's state.
-func (p *Pipe) Release() {
+func (p *Pipe) Release(context.Context) {
 	p.rClose()
 	p.wClose()
 
@@ -49,9 +50,10 @@ func (p *Pipe) Read(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence) (int64, error)
 		limit: func(l int64) {
 			dst = dst.TakeFirst64(l)
 		},
-		read: func(buf *buffer) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := dst.CopyOutFrom(ctx, buf)
+		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			n, err := dst.CopyOutFrom(ctx, view)
 			dst = dst.DropFirst64(n)
+			view.TrimFront(n)
 			return n, err
 		},
 	})
@@ -70,16 +72,15 @@ func (p *Pipe) WriteTo(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, count int64, dup bool)
 		limit: func(l int64) {
 			count = l
 		},
-		read: func(buf *buffer) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := buf.ReadToWriter(w, count, dup)
+		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			n, err := view.ReadToWriter(w, count)
+			if !dup {
+				view.TrimFront(n)
+			}
 			count -= n
 			return n, err
 		},
 	}
-	if dup {
-		// There is no notification for dup operations.
-		return p.dup(ctx, ops)
-	}
 	n, err := p.read(ctx, ops)
 	if n > 0 {
 		p.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@ func (p *Pipe) Write(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence) (int64, error)
 		limit: func(l int64) {
 			src = src.TakeFirst64(l)
 		},
-		write: func(buf *buffer) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := src.CopyInTo(ctx, buf)
+		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			n, err := src.CopyInTo(ctx, view)
 			src = src.DropFirst64(n)
 			return n, err
 		},
@@ -117,8 +118,8 @@ func (p *Pipe) ReadFrom(ctx context.Context, r io.Reader, count int64) (int64, e
 		limit: func(l int64) {
 			count = l
 		},
-		write: func(buf *buffer) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := buf.WriteFromReader(r, count)
+		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			n, err := view.WriteFromReader(r, count)
 			count -= n
 			return n, err
 		},
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) Ioctl(ctx context.Context, io usermem.IO, args arch.SyscallArgume
 		if v > math.MaxInt32 {
 			v = math.MaxInt32 // Silently truncate.
 		}
-		// Copy result to user-space.
+		// Copy result to userspace.
 		_, err := usermem.CopyObjectOut(ctx, io, args[2].Pointer(), int32(v), usermem.IOOpts{
 			AddressSpaceActive: true,
 		})
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader.go
index 7724b4452..ac18785c0 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package pipe
 
 import (
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ type Reader struct {
 // Release implements fs.FileOperations.Release.
 //
 // This overrides ReaderWriter.Release.
-func (r *Reader) Release() {
+func (r *Reader) Release(context.Context) {
 	r.Pipe.rClose()
 
 	// Wake up writers.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader_writer.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader_writer.go
index b4d29fc77..b2b5691ee 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader_writer.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/reader_writer.go
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ package pipe
 import (
 	"io"
 
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // ReaderWriter satisfies the FileOperations interface and services both
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go
index 6416e0dd8..28f998e45 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go
@@ -15,14 +15,16 @@
 package pipe
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/safemem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	fslock "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/lock"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -50,38 +52,44 @@ type VFSPipe struct {
 }
 
 // NewVFSPipe returns an initialized VFSPipe.
-func NewVFSPipe(sizeBytes, atomicIOBytes int64) *VFSPipe {
+func NewVFSPipe(isNamed bool, sizeBytes, atomicIOBytes int64) *VFSPipe {
 	var vp VFSPipe
-	initPipe(&vp.pipe, true /* isNamed */, sizeBytes, atomicIOBytes)
+	initPipe(&vp.pipe, isNamed, sizeBytes, atomicIOBytes)
 	return &vp
 }
 
-// NewVFSPipeFD opens a named pipe. Named pipes have special blocking semantics
-// during open:
+// ReaderWriterPair returns read-only and write-only FDs for vp.
 //
-// "Normally, opening the FIFO blocks until the other end is opened also. A
-// process can open a FIFO in nonblocking mode. In this case, opening for
-// read-only will succeed even if no-one has opened on the write side yet,
-// opening for write-only will fail with ENXIO (no such device or address)
-// unless the other end has already been opened. Under Linux, opening a FIFO
-// for read and write will succeed both in blocking and nonblocking mode. POSIX
-// leaves this behavior undefined. This can be used to open a FIFO for writing
-// while there are no readers available." - fifo(7)
-func (vp *VFSPipe) NewVFSPipeFD(ctx context.Context, rp *vfs.ResolvingPath, vfsd *vfs.Dentry, vfsfd *vfs.FileDescription, flags uint32) (*VFSPipeFD, error) {
+// Preconditions: statusFlags should not contain an open access mode.
+func (vp *VFSPipe) ReaderWriterPair(mnt *vfs.Mount, vfsd *vfs.Dentry, statusFlags uint32) (*vfs.FileDescription, *vfs.FileDescription) {
+	// Connected pipes share the same locks.
+	locks := &vfs.FileLocks{}
+	return vp.newFD(mnt, vfsd, linux.O_RDONLY|statusFlags, locks), vp.newFD(mnt, vfsd, linux.O_WRONLY|statusFlags, locks)
+}
+
+// Open opens the pipe represented by vp.
+func (vp *VFSPipe) Open(ctx context.Context, mnt *vfs.Mount, vfsd *vfs.Dentry, statusFlags uint32, locks *vfs.FileLocks) (*vfs.FileDescription, error) {
 	vp.mu.Lock()
 	defer vp.mu.Unlock()
 
-	readable := vfs.MayReadFileWithOpenFlags(flags)
-	writable := vfs.MayWriteFileWithOpenFlags(flags)
+	readable := vfs.MayReadFileWithOpenFlags(statusFlags)
+	writable := vfs.MayWriteFileWithOpenFlags(statusFlags)
 	if !readable && !writable {
 		return nil, syserror.EINVAL
 	}
 
-	vfd, err := vp.open(rp, vfsd, vfsfd, flags)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	fd := vp.newFD(mnt, vfsd, statusFlags, locks)
 
+	// Named pipes have special blocking semantics during open:
+	//
+	// "Normally, opening the FIFO blocks until the other end is opened also. A
+	// process can open a FIFO in nonblocking mode. In this case, opening for
+	// read-only will succeed even if no-one has opened on the write side yet,
+	// opening for write-only will fail with ENXIO (no such device or address)
+	// unless the other end has already been opened. Under Linux, opening a
+	// FIFO for read and write will succeed both in blocking and nonblocking
+	// mode. POSIX leaves this behavior undefined. This can be used to open a
+	// FIFO for writing while there are no readers available." - fifo(7)
 	switch {
 	case readable && writable:
 		// Pipes opened for read-write always succeed without blocking.
@@ -90,23 +98,26 @@ func (vp *VFSPipe) NewVFSPipeFD(ctx context.Context, rp *vfs.ResolvingPath, vfsd
 
 	case readable:
 		newHandleLocked(&vp.rWakeup)
-		// If this pipe is being opened as nonblocking and there's no
+		// If this pipe is being opened as blocking and there's no
 		// writer, we have to wait for a writer to open the other end.
-		if flags&linux.O_NONBLOCK == 0 && !vp.pipe.HasWriters() && !waitFor(&vp.mu, &vp.wWakeup, ctx) {
+		if vp.pipe.isNamed && statusFlags&linux.O_NONBLOCK == 0 && !vp.pipe.HasWriters() && !waitFor(&vp.mu, &vp.wWakeup, ctx) {
+			fd.DecRef(ctx)
 			return nil, syserror.EINTR
 		}
 
 	case writable:
 		newHandleLocked(&vp.wWakeup)
 
-		if !vp.pipe.HasReaders() {
-			// Nonblocking, write-only opens fail with ENXIO when
-			// the read side isn't open yet.
-			if flags&linux.O_NONBLOCK != 0 {
+		if vp.pipe.isNamed && !vp.pipe.HasReaders() {
+			// Non-blocking, write-only opens fail with ENXIO when the read
+			// side isn't open yet.
+			if statusFlags&linux.O_NONBLOCK != 0 {
+				fd.DecRef(ctx)
 				return nil, syserror.ENXIO
 			}
 			// Wait for a reader to open the other end.
 			if !waitFor(&vp.mu, &vp.rWakeup, ctx) {
+				fd.DecRef(ctx)
 				return nil, syserror.EINTR
 			}
 		}
@@ -115,102 +126,102 @@ func (vp *VFSPipe) NewVFSPipeFD(ctx context.Context, rp *vfs.ResolvingPath, vfsd
 		panic("invalid pipe flags: must be readable, writable, or both")
 	}
 
-	return vfd, nil
+	return fd, nil
 }
 
 // Preconditions: vp.mu must be held.
-func (vp *VFSPipe) open(rp *vfs.ResolvingPath, vfsd *vfs.Dentry, vfsfd *vfs.FileDescription, flags uint32) (*VFSPipeFD, error) {
-	var fd VFSPipeFD
-	fd.flags = flags
-	fd.readable = vfs.MayReadFileWithOpenFlags(flags)
-	fd.writable = vfs.MayWriteFileWithOpenFlags(flags)
-	fd.vfsfd = vfsfd
-	fd.pipe = &vp.pipe
-	if fd.writable {
-		// The corresponding Mount.EndWrite() is in VFSPipe.Release().
-		if err := rp.Mount().CheckBeginWrite(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+func (vp *VFSPipe) newFD(mnt *vfs.Mount, vfsd *vfs.Dentry, statusFlags uint32, locks *vfs.FileLocks) *vfs.FileDescription {
+	fd := &VFSPipeFD{
+		pipe: &vp.pipe,
 	}
+	fd.LockFD.Init(locks)
+	fd.vfsfd.Init(fd, statusFlags, mnt, vfsd, &vfs.FileDescriptionOptions{
+		DenyPRead:         true,
+		DenyPWrite:        true,
+		UseDentryMetadata: true,
+	})
 
 	switch {
-	case fd.readable && fd.writable:
+	case fd.vfsfd.IsReadable() && fd.vfsfd.IsWritable():
 		vp.pipe.rOpen()
 		vp.pipe.wOpen()
-	case fd.readable:
+	case fd.vfsfd.IsReadable():
 		vp.pipe.rOpen()
-	case fd.writable:
+	case fd.vfsfd.IsWritable():
 		vp.pipe.wOpen()
 	default:
 		panic("invalid pipe flags: must be readable, writable, or both")
 	}
 
-	return &fd, nil
+	return &fd.vfsfd
 }
 
-// VFSPipeFD implements a subset of vfs.FileDescriptionImpl for pipes. It is
-// expected that filesystesm will use this in a struct implementing
-// vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.
+// VFSPipeFD implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl for pipes. It also implements
+// non-atomic usermem.IO methods, allowing it to be passed as usermem.IO to
+// other FileDescriptions for splice(2) and tee(2).
 type VFSPipeFD struct {
-	pipe     *Pipe
-	flags    uint32
-	readable bool
-	writable bool
-	vfsfd    *vfs.FileDescription
+	vfsfd vfs.FileDescription
+	vfs.FileDescriptionDefaultImpl
+	vfs.DentryMetadataFileDescriptionImpl
+	vfs.LockFD
+
+	pipe *Pipe
 }
 
 // Release implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.Release.
-func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Release() {
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Release(context.Context) {
 	var event waiter.EventMask
-	if fd.readable {
+	if fd.vfsfd.IsReadable() {
 		fd.pipe.rClose()
-		event |= waiter.EventIn
+		event |= waiter.EventOut
 	}
-	if fd.writable {
+	if fd.vfsfd.IsWritable() {
 		fd.pipe.wClose()
-		event |= waiter.EventOut
+		event |= waiter.EventIn | waiter.EventHUp
 	}
 	if event == 0 {
 		panic("invalid pipe flags: must be readable, writable, or both")
 	}
 
-	if fd.writable {
-		fd.vfsfd.VirtualDentry().Mount().EndWrite()
+	fd.pipe.Notify(event)
+}
+
+// Readiness implements waiter.Waitable.Readiness.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
+	switch {
+	case fd.vfsfd.IsReadable() && fd.vfsfd.IsWritable():
+		return fd.pipe.rwReadiness()
+	case fd.vfsfd.IsReadable():
+		return fd.pipe.rReadiness()
+	case fd.vfsfd.IsWritable():
+		return fd.pipe.wReadiness()
+	default:
+		panic("pipe FD is neither readable nor writable")
 	}
+}
 
-	fd.pipe.Notify(event)
+// Allocate implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.Allocate.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Allocate(ctx context.Context, mode, offset, length uint64) error {
+	return syserror.ESPIPE
 }
 
-// OnClose implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.OnClose.
-func (fd *VFSPipeFD) OnClose(_ context.Context) error {
-	return nil
+// EventRegister implements waiter.Waitable.EventRegister.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) EventRegister(e *waiter.Entry, mask waiter.EventMask) {
+	fd.pipe.EventRegister(e, mask)
 }
 
-// PRead implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.PRead.
-func (fd *VFSPipeFD) PRead(_ context.Context, _ usermem.IOSequence, _ int64, _ vfs.ReadOptions) (int64, error) {
-	return 0, syserror.ESPIPE
+// EventUnregister implements waiter.Waitable.EventUnregister.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) EventUnregister(e *waiter.Entry) {
+	fd.pipe.EventUnregister(e)
 }
 
 // Read implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.Read.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Read(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence, _ vfs.ReadOptions) (int64, error) {
-	if !fd.readable {
-		return 0, syserror.EINVAL
-	}
-
 	return fd.pipe.Read(ctx, dst)
 }
 
-// PWrite implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.PWrite.
-func (fd *VFSPipeFD) PWrite(_ context.Context, _ usermem.IOSequence, _ int64, _ vfs.WriteOptions) (int64, error) {
-	return 0, syserror.ESPIPE
-}
-
 // Write implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.Write.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Write(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence, _ vfs.WriteOptions) (int64, error) {
-	if !fd.writable {
-		return 0, syserror.EINVAL
-	}
-
 	return fd.pipe.Write(ctx, src)
 }
 
@@ -218,3 +229,240 @@ func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Write(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence, _ vfs.Wr
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) Ioctl(ctx context.Context, uio usermem.IO, args arch.SyscallArguments) (uintptr, error) {
 	return fd.pipe.Ioctl(ctx, uio, args)
 }
+
+// PipeSize implements fcntl(F_GETPIPE_SZ).
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) PipeSize() int64 {
+	// Inline Pipe.FifoSize() rather than calling it with nil Context and
+	// fs.File and ignoring the returned error (which is always nil).
+	fd.pipe.mu.Lock()
+	defer fd.pipe.mu.Unlock()
+	return fd.pipe.max
+}
+
+// SetPipeSize implements fcntl(F_SETPIPE_SZ).
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) SetPipeSize(size int64) (int64, error) {
+	return fd.pipe.SetFifoSize(size)
+}
+
+// IOSequence returns a useremm.IOSequence that reads up to count bytes from,
+// or writes up to count bytes to, fd.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) IOSequence(count int64) usermem.IOSequence {
+	return usermem.IOSequence{
+		IO:    fd,
+		Addrs: usermem.AddrRangeSeqOf(usermem.AddrRange{0, usermem.Addr(count)}),
+	}
+}
+
+// CopyIn implements usermem.IO.CopyIn.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyIn(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, dst []byte, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int, error) {
+	origCount := int64(len(dst))
+	n, err := fd.pipe.read(ctx, readOps{
+		left: func() int64 {
+			return int64(len(dst))
+		},
+		limit: func(l int64) {
+			dst = dst[:l]
+		},
+		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			n, err := view.ReadAt(dst, 0)
+			view.TrimFront(int64(n))
+			return int64(n), err
+		},
+	})
+	if n > 0 {
+		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
+	}
+	if err == nil && n != origCount {
+		return int(n), syserror.ErrWouldBlock
+	}
+	return int(n), err
+}
+
+// CopyOut implements usermem.IO.CopyOut.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyOut(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, src []byte, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int, error) {
+	origCount := int64(len(src))
+	n, err := fd.pipe.write(ctx, writeOps{
+		left: func() int64 {
+			return int64(len(src))
+		},
+		limit: func(l int64) {
+			src = src[:l]
+		},
+		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			view.Append(src)
+			return int64(len(src)), nil
+		},
+	})
+	if n > 0 {
+		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
+	}
+	if err == nil && n != origCount {
+		return int(n), syserror.ErrWouldBlock
+	}
+	return int(n), err
+}
+
+// ZeroOut implements usermem.IO.ZeroOut.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) ZeroOut(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, toZero int64, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int64, error) {
+	origCount := toZero
+	n, err := fd.pipe.write(ctx, writeOps{
+		left: func() int64 {
+			return toZero
+		},
+		limit: func(l int64) {
+			toZero = l
+		},
+		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			view.Grow(view.Size()+toZero, true /* zero */)
+			return toZero, nil
+		},
+	})
+	if n > 0 {
+		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
+	}
+	if err == nil && n != origCount {
+		return n, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// CopyInTo implements usermem.IO.CopyInTo.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyInTo(ctx context.Context, ars usermem.AddrRangeSeq, dst safemem.Writer, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int64, error) {
+	count := ars.NumBytes()
+	if count == 0 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	origCount := count
+	n, err := fd.pipe.read(ctx, readOps{
+		left: func() int64 {
+			return count
+		},
+		limit: func(l int64) {
+			count = l
+		},
+		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			n, err := view.ReadToSafememWriter(dst, uint64(count))
+			view.TrimFront(int64(n))
+			return int64(n), err
+		},
+	})
+	if n > 0 {
+		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
+	}
+	if err == nil && n != origCount {
+		return n, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// CopyOutFrom implements usermem.IO.CopyOutFrom.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyOutFrom(ctx context.Context, ars usermem.AddrRangeSeq, src safemem.Reader, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int64, error) {
+	count := ars.NumBytes()
+	if count == 0 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	origCount := count
+	n, err := fd.pipe.write(ctx, writeOps{
+		left: func() int64 {
+			return count
+		},
+		limit: func(l int64) {
+			count = l
+		},
+		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			n, err := view.WriteFromSafememReader(src, uint64(count))
+			return int64(n), err
+		},
+	})
+	if n > 0 {
+		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
+	}
+	if err == nil && n != origCount {
+		return n, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// SwapUint32 implements usermem.IO.SwapUint32.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) SwapUint32(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, new uint32, opts usermem.IOOpts) (uint32, error) {
+	// How did a pipe get passed as the virtual address space to futex(2)?
+	panic("VFSPipeFD.SwapUint32 called unexpectedly")
+}
+
+// CompareAndSwapUint32 implements usermem.IO.CompareAndSwapUint32.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CompareAndSwapUint32(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, old, new uint32, opts usermem.IOOpts) (uint32, error) {
+	panic("VFSPipeFD.CompareAndSwapUint32 called unexpectedly")
+}
+
+// LoadUint32 implements usermem.IO.LoadUint32.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) LoadUint32(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, opts usermem.IOOpts) (uint32, error) {
+	panic("VFSPipeFD.LoadUint32 called unexpectedly")
+}
+
+// Splice reads up to count bytes from src and writes them to dst. It returns
+// the number of bytes moved.
+//
+// Preconditions: count > 0.
+func Splice(ctx context.Context, dst, src *VFSPipeFD, count int64) (int64, error) {
+	return spliceOrTee(ctx, dst, src, count, true /* removeFromSrc */)
+}
+
+// Tee reads up to count bytes from src and writes them to dst, without
+// removing the read bytes from src. It returns the number of bytes copied.
+//
+// Preconditions: count > 0.
+func Tee(ctx context.Context, dst, src *VFSPipeFD, count int64) (int64, error) {
+	return spliceOrTee(ctx, dst, src, count, false /* removeFromSrc */)
+}
+
+// Preconditions: count > 0.
+func spliceOrTee(ctx context.Context, dst, src *VFSPipeFD, count int64, removeFromSrc bool) (int64, error) {
+	if dst.pipe == src.pipe {
+		return 0, syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+
+	lockTwoPipes(dst.pipe, src.pipe)
+	defer dst.pipe.mu.Unlock()
+	defer src.pipe.mu.Unlock()
+
+	n, err := dst.pipe.writeLocked(ctx, writeOps{
+		left: func() int64 {
+			return count
+		},
+		limit: func(l int64) {
+			count = l
+		},
+		write: func(dstView *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+			return src.pipe.readLocked(ctx, readOps{
+				left: func() int64 {
+					return count
+				},
+				limit: func(l int64) {
+					count = l
+				},
+				read: func(srcView *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
+					n, err := srcView.ReadToSafememWriter(dstView, uint64(count))
+					if n > 0 && removeFromSrc {
+						srcView.TrimFront(int64(n))
+					}
+					return int64(n), err
+				},
+			})
+		},
+	})
+	if n > 0 {
+		dst.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
+		src.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// LockPOSIX implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.LockPOSIX.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) LockPOSIX(ctx context.Context, uid fslock.UniqueID, t fslock.LockType, start, length uint64, whence int16, block fslock.Blocker) error {
+	return fd.Locks().LockPOSIX(ctx, &fd.vfsfd, uid, t, start, length, whence, block)
+}
+
+// UnlockPOSIX implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.UnlockPOSIX.
+func (fd *VFSPipeFD) UnlockPOSIX(ctx context.Context, uid fslock.UniqueID, start, length uint64, whence int16) error {
+	return fd.Locks().UnlockPOSIX(ctx, &fd.vfsfd, uid, start, length, whence)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/writer.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/writer.go
index 5bc6aa931..ef4b70ca3 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/writer.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/writer.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package pipe
 
 import (
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ type Writer struct {
 // Release implements fs.FileOperations.Release.
 //
 // This overrides ReaderWriter.Release.
-func (w *Writer) Release() {
+func (w *Writer) Release(context.Context) {
 	w.Pipe.wClose()
 
 	// Wake up readers.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace.go
index 3be171cdc..619b0cb7c 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace.go
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/mm"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // ptraceOptions are the subset of options controlling a task's ptrace behavior
@@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ func (t *Task) CanTrace(target *Task, attach bool) bool {
 	if targetCreds.PermittedCaps&^callerCreds.PermittedCaps != 0 {
 		return false
 	}
-	// TODO: Yama LSM
 	return true
 }
 
@@ -1019,6 +1018,9 @@ func (t *Task) Ptrace(req int64, pid ThreadID, addr, data usermem.Addr) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+
+		t.p.PullFullState(t.MemoryManager().AddressSpace(), t.Arch())
+
 		ar := ars.Head()
 		n, err := target.Arch().PtraceGetRegSet(uintptr(addr), &usermem.IOReadWriter{
 			Ctx:  t,
@@ -1045,10 +1047,14 @@ func (t *Task) Ptrace(req int64, pid ThreadID, addr, data usermem.Addr) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+
+		mm := t.MemoryManager()
+		t.p.PullFullState(mm.AddressSpace(), t.Arch())
+
 		ar := ars.Head()
 		n, err := target.Arch().PtraceSetRegSet(uintptr(addr), &usermem.IOReadWriter{
 			Ctx:  t,
-			IO:   t.MemoryManager(),
+			IO:   mm,
 			Addr: ar.Start,
 			Opts: usermem.IOOpts{
 				AddressSpaceActive: true,
@@ -1057,6 +1063,7 @@ func (t *Task) Ptrace(req int64, pid ThreadID, addr, data usermem.Addr) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		t.p.FullStateChanged()
 		ar.End -= usermem.Addr(n)
 		return t.CopyOutIovecs(data, usermem.AddrRangeSeqOf(ar))
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_amd64.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_amd64.go
index 5514cf432..cef1276ec 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_amd64.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_amd64.go
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // ptraceArch implements arch-specific ptrace commands.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_arm64.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_arm64.go
index 0acdf769d..d971b96b3 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_arm64.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/ptrace_arm64.go
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // ptraceArch implements arch-specific ptrace commands.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/rseq.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/rseq.go
index 24ea002ba..18416643b 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/rseq.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/rseq.go
@@ -15,17 +15,29 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/hostcpu"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
-// Restartable sequences, as described in https://lwn.net/Articles/650333/.
+// Restartable sequences.
+//
+// We support two different APIs for restartable sequences.
+//
+//  1. The upstream interface added in v4.18.
+//  2. The interface described in https://lwn.net/Articles/650333/.
+//
+// Throughout this file and other parts of the kernel, the latter is referred
+// to as "old rseq". This interface was never merged upstream, but is supported
+// for a limited set of applications that use it regardless.
 
-// RSEQCriticalRegion describes a restartable sequence critical region.
+// OldRSeqCriticalRegion describes an old rseq critical region.
 //
 // +stateify savable
-type RSEQCriticalRegion struct {
+type OldRSeqCriticalRegion struct {
 	// When a task in this thread group has its CPU preempted (as defined by
 	// platform.ErrContextCPUPreempted) or has a signal delivered to an
 	// application handler while its instruction pointer is in CriticalSection,
@@ -35,86 +47,347 @@ type RSEQCriticalRegion struct {
 	Restart         usermem.Addr
 }
 
-// RSEQAvailable returns true if t supports restartable sequences.
-func (t *Task) RSEQAvailable() bool {
+// RSeqAvailable returns true if t supports (old and new) restartable sequences.
+func (t *Task) RSeqAvailable() bool {
 	return t.k.useHostCores && t.k.Platform.DetectsCPUPreemption()
 }
 
-// RSEQCriticalRegion returns a copy of t's thread group's current restartable
-// sequence.
-func (t *Task) RSEQCriticalRegion() RSEQCriticalRegion {
-	return *t.tg.rscr.Load().(*RSEQCriticalRegion)
+// SetRSeq registers addr as this thread's rseq structure.
+//
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
+func (t *Task) SetRSeq(addr usermem.Addr, length, signature uint32) error {
+	if t.rseqAddr != 0 {
+		if t.rseqAddr != addr {
+			return syserror.EINVAL
+		}
+		if t.rseqSignature != signature {
+			return syserror.EINVAL
+		}
+		return syserror.EBUSY
+	}
+
+	// rseq must be aligned and correctly sized.
+	if addr&(linux.AlignOfRSeq-1) != 0 {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	if length != linux.SizeOfRSeq {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	if _, ok := t.MemoryManager().CheckIORange(addr, linux.SizeOfRSeq); !ok {
+		return syserror.EFAULT
+	}
+
+	t.rseqAddr = addr
+	t.rseqSignature = signature
+
+	// Initialize the CPUID.
+	//
+	// Linux implicitly does this on return from userspace, where failure
+	// would cause SIGSEGV.
+	if err := t.rseqUpdateCPU(); err != nil {
+		t.rseqAddr = 0
+		t.rseqSignature = 0
+
+		t.Debugf("Failed to copy CPU to %#x for rseq: %v", t.rseqAddr, err)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return syserror.EFAULT
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ClearRSeq unregisters addr as this thread's rseq structure.
+//
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
+func (t *Task) ClearRSeq(addr usermem.Addr, length, signature uint32) error {
+	if t.rseqAddr == 0 {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	if t.rseqAddr != addr {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	if length != linux.SizeOfRSeq {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	if t.rseqSignature != signature {
+		return syserror.EPERM
+	}
+
+	if err := t.rseqClearCPU(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	t.rseqAddr = 0
+	t.rseqSignature = 0
+
+	if t.oldRSeqCPUAddr == 0 {
+		// rseqCPU no longer needed.
+		t.rseqCPU = -1
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
-// SetRSEQCriticalRegion replaces t's thread group's restartable sequence.
+// OldRSeqCriticalRegion returns a copy of t's thread group's current
+// old restartable sequence.
+func (t *Task) OldRSeqCriticalRegion() OldRSeqCriticalRegion {
+	return *t.tg.oldRSeqCritical.Load().(*OldRSeqCriticalRegion)
+}
+
+// SetOldRSeqCriticalRegion replaces t's thread group's old restartable
+// sequence.
 //
-// Preconditions: t.RSEQAvailable() == true.
-func (t *Task) SetRSEQCriticalRegion(rscr RSEQCriticalRegion) error {
+// Preconditions: t.RSeqAvailable() == true.
+func (t *Task) SetOldRSeqCriticalRegion(r OldRSeqCriticalRegion) error {
 	// These checks are somewhat more lenient than in Linux, which (bizarrely)
-	// requires rscr.CriticalSection to be non-empty and rscr.Restart to be
-	// outside of rscr.CriticalSection, even if rscr.CriticalSection.Start == 0
+	// requires r.CriticalSection to be non-empty and r.Restart to be
+	// outside of r.CriticalSection, even if r.CriticalSection.Start == 0
 	// (which disables the critical region).
-	if rscr.CriticalSection.Start == 0 {
-		rscr.CriticalSection.End = 0
-		rscr.Restart = 0
-		t.tg.rscr.Store(&rscr)
+	if r.CriticalSection.Start == 0 {
+		r.CriticalSection.End = 0
+		r.Restart = 0
+		t.tg.oldRSeqCritical.Store(&r)
 		return nil
 	}
-	if rscr.CriticalSection.Start >= rscr.CriticalSection.End {
+	if r.CriticalSection.Start >= r.CriticalSection.End {
 		return syserror.EINVAL
 	}
-	if rscr.CriticalSection.Contains(rscr.Restart) {
+	if r.CriticalSection.Contains(r.Restart) {
 		return syserror.EINVAL
 	}
-	// TODO(jamieliu): check that rscr.CriticalSection and rscr.Restart are in
-	// the application address range, for consistency with Linux
-	t.tg.rscr.Store(&rscr)
+	// TODO(jamieliu): check that r.CriticalSection and r.Restart are in
+	// the application address range, for consistency with Linux.
+	t.tg.oldRSeqCritical.Store(&r)
 	return nil
 }
 
-// RSEQCPUAddr returns the address that RSEQ will keep updated with t's CPU
-// number.
+// OldRSeqCPUAddr returns the address that old rseq will keep updated with t's
+// CPU number.
 //
 // Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
-func (t *Task) RSEQCPUAddr() usermem.Addr {
-	return t.rseqCPUAddr
+func (t *Task) OldRSeqCPUAddr() usermem.Addr {
+	return t.oldRSeqCPUAddr
 }
 
-// SetRSEQCPUAddr replaces the address that RSEQ will keep updated with t's CPU
-// number.
+// SetOldRSeqCPUAddr replaces the address that old rseq will keep updated with
+// t's CPU number.
 //
-// Preconditions: t.RSEQAvailable() == true. The caller must be running on the
+// Preconditions: t.RSeqAvailable() == true. The caller must be running on the
 // task goroutine. t's AddressSpace must be active.
-func (t *Task) SetRSEQCPUAddr(addr usermem.Addr) error {
-	t.rseqCPUAddr = addr
-	if addr != 0 {
-		t.rseqCPU = int32(hostcpu.GetCPU())
-		if err := t.rseqCopyOutCPU(); err != nil {
-			t.rseqCPUAddr = 0
-			t.rseqCPU = -1
-			return syserror.EINVAL // yes, EINVAL, not err or EFAULT
-		}
-	} else {
-		t.rseqCPU = -1
+func (t *Task) SetOldRSeqCPUAddr(addr usermem.Addr) error {
+	t.oldRSeqCPUAddr = addr
+
+	// Check that addr is writable.
+	//
+	// N.B. rseqUpdateCPU may fail on a bad t.rseqAddr as well. That's
+	// unfortunate, but unlikely in a correct program.
+	if err := t.rseqUpdateCPU(); err != nil {
+		t.oldRSeqCPUAddr = 0
+		return syserror.EINVAL // yes, EINVAL, not err or EFAULT
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine. t's
 // AddressSpace must be active.
-func (t *Task) rseqCopyOutCPU() error {
+func (t *Task) rseqUpdateCPU() error {
+	if t.rseqAddr == 0 && t.oldRSeqCPUAddr == 0 {
+		t.rseqCPU = -1
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	t.rseqCPU = int32(hostcpu.GetCPU())
+
+	// Update both CPUs, even if one fails.
+	rerr := t.rseqCopyOutCPU()
+	oerr := t.oldRSeqCopyOutCPU()
+
+	if rerr != nil {
+		return rerr
+	}
+	return oerr
+}
+
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine. t's
+// AddressSpace must be active.
+func (t *Task) oldRSeqCopyOutCPU() error {
+	if t.oldRSeqCPUAddr == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	buf := t.CopyScratchBuffer(4)
 	usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf, uint32(t.rseqCPU))
-	_, err := t.CopyOutBytes(t.rseqCPUAddr, buf)
+	_, err := t.CopyOutBytes(t.oldRSeqCPUAddr, buf)
 	return err
 }
 
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine. t's
+// AddressSpace must be active.
+func (t *Task) rseqCopyOutCPU() error {
+	if t.rseqAddr == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	buf := t.CopyScratchBuffer(8)
+	// CPUIDStart and CPUID are the first two fields in linux.RSeq.
+	usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf, uint32(t.rseqCPU))     // CPUIDStart
+	usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf[4:], uint32(t.rseqCPU)) // CPUID
+	// N.B. This write is not atomic, but since this occurs on the task
+	// goroutine then as long as userspace uses a single-instruction read
+	// it can't see an invalid value.
+	_, err := t.CopyOutBytes(t.rseqAddr, buf)
+	return err
+}
+
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine. t's
+// AddressSpace must be active.
+func (t *Task) rseqClearCPU() error {
+	buf := t.CopyScratchBuffer(8)
+	// CPUIDStart and CPUID are the first two fields in linux.RSeq.
+	usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf, 0)                                   // CPUIDStart
+	usermem.ByteOrder.PutUint32(buf[4:], linux.RSEQ_CPU_ID_UNINITIALIZED) // CPUID
+	// N.B. This write is not atomic, but since this occurs on the task
+	// goroutine then as long as userspace uses a single-instruction read
+	// it can't see an invalid value.
+	_, err := t.CopyOutBytes(t.rseqAddr, buf)
+	return err
+}
+
+// rseqAddrInterrupt checks if IP is in a critical section, and aborts if so.
+//
+// This is a bit complex since both the RSeq and RSeqCriticalSection structs
+// are stored in userspace. So we must:
+//
+// 1. Copy in the address of RSeqCriticalSection from RSeq.
+// 2. Copy in RSeqCriticalSection itself.
+// 3. Validate critical section struct version, address range, abort address.
+// 4. Validate the abort signature (4 bytes preceding abort IP match expected
+//    signature).
+// 5. Clear address of RSeqCriticalSection from RSeq.
+// 6. Finally, conditionally abort.
+//
+// See kernel/rseq.c:rseq_ip_fixup for reference.
+//
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine. t's
+// AddressSpace must be active.
+func (t *Task) rseqAddrInterrupt() {
+	if t.rseqAddr == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	critAddrAddr, ok := t.rseqAddr.AddLength(linux.OffsetOfRSeqCriticalSection)
+	if !ok {
+		// SetRSeq should validate this.
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("t.rseqAddr (%#x) not large enough", t.rseqAddr))
+	}
+
+	if t.Arch().Width() != 8 {
+		// We only handle 64-bit for now.
+		t.Debugf("Only 64-bit rseq supported.")
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	buf := t.CopyScratchBuffer(8)
+	if _, err := t.CopyInBytes(critAddrAddr, buf); err != nil {
+		t.Debugf("Failed to copy critical section address from %#x for rseq: %v", critAddrAddr, err)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	critAddr := usermem.Addr(usermem.ByteOrder.Uint64(buf))
+	if critAddr == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var cs linux.RSeqCriticalSection
+	if _, err := cs.CopyIn(t, critAddr); err != nil {
+		t.Debugf("Failed to copy critical section from %#x for rseq: %v", critAddr, err)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if cs.Version != 0 {
+		t.Debugf("Unknown version in %+v", cs)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	start := usermem.Addr(cs.Start)
+	critRange, ok := start.ToRange(cs.PostCommitOffset)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Debugf("Invalid start and offset in %+v", cs)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	abort := usermem.Addr(cs.Abort)
+	if critRange.Contains(abort) {
+		t.Debugf("Abort in critical section in %+v", cs)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Verify signature.
+	sigAddr := abort - linux.SizeOfRSeqSignature
+
+	buf = t.CopyScratchBuffer(linux.SizeOfRSeqSignature)
+	if _, err := t.CopyInBytes(sigAddr, buf); err != nil {
+		t.Debugf("Failed to copy critical section signature from %#x for rseq: %v", sigAddr, err)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	sig := usermem.ByteOrder.Uint32(buf)
+	if sig != t.rseqSignature {
+		t.Debugf("Mismatched rseq signature %d != %d", sig, t.rseqSignature)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Clear the critical section address.
+	//
+	// NOTE(b/143949567): We don't support any rseq flags, so we always
+	// restart if we are in the critical section, and thus *always* clear
+	// critAddrAddr.
+	if _, err := t.MemoryManager().ZeroOut(t, critAddrAddr, int64(t.Arch().Width()), usermem.IOOpts{
+		AddressSpaceActive: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Debugf("Failed to clear critical section address from %#x for rseq: %v", critAddrAddr, err)
+		t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false /* unconditional */)
+		t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Finally we can actually decide whether or not to restart.
+	if !critRange.Contains(usermem.Addr(t.Arch().IP())) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	t.Arch().SetIP(uintptr(cs.Abort))
+}
+
 // Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
-func (t *Task) rseqInterrupt() {
-	rscr := t.tg.rscr.Load().(*RSEQCriticalRegion)
-	if ip := t.Arch().IP(); rscr.CriticalSection.Contains(usermem.Addr(ip)) {
-		t.Debugf("Interrupted RSEQ critical section at %#x; restarting at %#x", ip, rscr.Restart)
-		t.Arch().SetIP(uintptr(rscr.Restart))
-		t.Arch().SetRSEQInterruptedIP(ip)
+func (t *Task) oldRSeqInterrupt() {
+	r := t.tg.oldRSeqCritical.Load().(*OldRSeqCriticalRegion)
+	if ip := t.Arch().IP(); r.CriticalSection.Contains(usermem.Addr(ip)) {
+		t.Debugf("Interrupted rseq critical section at %#x; restarting at %#x", ip, r.Restart)
+		t.Arch().SetIP(uintptr(r.Restart))
+		t.Arch().SetOldRSeqInterruptedIP(ip)
 	}
 }
+
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
+func (t *Task) rseqInterrupt() {
+	t.rseqAddrInterrupt()
+	t.oldRSeqInterrupt()
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/sched/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/sched/BUILD
index 98ea7a0d8..1b82e087b 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/sched/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/sched/BUILD
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_test")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ go_library(
         "cpuset.go",
         "sched.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/sched",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
 )
 
@@ -17,5 +15,5 @@ go_test(
     name = "sched_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = ["cpuset_test.go"],
-    embed = [":sched"],
+    library = ":sched",
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/seccomp.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/seccomp.go
index 2347dcf36..c38c5a40c 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/seccomp.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/seccomp.go
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/binary"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/bpf"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 const maxSyscallFilterInstructions = 1 << 15
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/BUILD
index f4c00cd86..65e5427c1 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/BUILD
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_test")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 load("//tools/go_generics:defs.bzl", "go_template_instance")
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -22,15 +21,15 @@ go_library(
         "semaphore.go",
         "waiter_list.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/log",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/auth",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/time",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
     ],
 )
@@ -39,11 +38,11 @@ go_test(
     name = "semaphore_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = ["semaphore_test.go"],
-    embed = [":semaphore"],
+    library = ":semaphore",
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context/contexttest",
+        "//pkg/context",
+        "//pkg/sentry/contexttest",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/auth",
         "//pkg/syserror",
     ],
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore.go
index 93fe68a3e..c00fa1138 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore.go
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ package semaphore
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
 	ktime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
 
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ func (s *Set) SetVal(ctx context.Context, num int32, val int16, creds *auth.Cred
 		return syserror.ERANGE
 	}
 
-	// TODO(b/29354920): Clear undo entries in all processes
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/137): Clear undo entries in all processes.
 	sem.value = val
 	sem.pid = pid
 	s.changeTime = ktime.NowFromContext(ctx)
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ func (s *Set) SetValAll(ctx context.Context, vals []uint16, creds *auth.Credenti
 	for i, val := range vals {
 		sem := &s.sems[i]
 
-		// TODO(b/29354920): Clear undo entries in all processes
+		// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/137): Clear undo entries in all processes.
 		sem.value = int16(val)
 		sem.pid = pid
 		sem.wakeWaiters()
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ func (s *Set) executeOps(ctx context.Context, ops []linux.Sembuf, pid int32) (ch
 	}
 
 	// All operations succeeded, apply them.
-	// TODO(b/29354920): handle undo operations.
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/137): handle undo operations.
 	for i, v := range tmpVals {
 		s.sems[i].value = v
 		s.sems[i].wakeWaiters()
@@ -554,6 +554,7 @@ func (s *sem) wakeWaiters() {
 	for w := s.waiters.Front(); w != nil; {
 		if s.value < w.value {
 			// Still blocked, skip it.
+			w = w.Next()
 			continue
 		}
 		w.ch <- struct{}{}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore_test.go
index c235f6ca4..e47acefdf 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/semaphore/semaphore_test.go
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/sessions.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/sessions.go
index 047b5214d..5c4c622c2 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/sessions.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/sessions.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ func (s *Session) incRef() {
 //
 // Precondition: callers must hold TaskSet.mu for writing.
 func (s *Session) decRef() {
-	s.refs.DecRefWithDestructor(func() {
+	s.refs.DecRefWithDestructor(nil, func(context.Context) {
 		// Remove translations from the leader.
 		for ns := s.leader.pidns; ns != nil; ns = ns.parent {
 			id := ns.sids[s]
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ func (pg *ProcessGroup) decRefWithParent(parentPG *ProcessGroup) {
 	}
 
 	alive := true
-	pg.refs.DecRefWithDestructor(func() {
+	pg.refs.DecRefWithDestructor(nil, func(context.Context) {
 		alive = false // don't bother with handleOrphan.
 
 		// Remove translations from the originator.
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ func (pg *ProcessGroup) SendSignal(info *arch.SignalInfo) error {
 
 	var lastErr error
 	for tg := range tasks.Root.tgids {
-		if tg.ProcessGroup() == pg {
+		if tg.processGroup == pg {
 			tg.signalHandlers.mu.Lock()
 			infoCopy := *info
 			if err := tg.leader.sendSignalLocked(&infoCopy, true /*group*/); err != nil {
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/BUILD
index cd48945e6..c211fc8d0 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/BUILD
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -8,22 +8,21 @@ go_library(
         "device.go",
         "shm.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/log",
         "//pkg/refs",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/device",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/auth",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel/time",
         "//pkg/sentry/memmap",
         "//pkg/sentry/pgalloc",
-        "//pkg/sentry/platform",
         "//pkg/sentry/usage",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/shm.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/shm.go
index 5bd610f68..13ec7afe0 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/shm.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/shm/shm.go
@@ -35,21 +35,20 @@ package shm
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/refs"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
 	ktime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/memmap"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/pgalloc"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/platform"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // Key represents a shm segment key. Analogous to a file name.
@@ -71,9 +70,20 @@ type Registry struct {
 	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
 
 	// shms maps segment ids to segments.
+	//
+	// shms holds all referenced segments, which are removed on the last
+	// DecRef. Thus, it cannot itself hold a reference on the Shm.
+	//
+	// Since removal only occurs after the last (unlocked) DecRef, there
+	// exists a short window during which a Shm still exists in Shm, but is
+	// unreferenced. Users must use TryIncRef to determine if the Shm is
+	// still valid.
 	shms map[ID]*Shm
 
 	// keysToShms maps segment keys to segments.
+	//
+	// Shms in keysToShms are guaranteed to be referenced, as they are
+	// removed by disassociateKey before the last DecRef.
 	keysToShms map[Key]*Shm
 
 	// Sum of the sizes of all existing segments rounded up to page size, in
@@ -95,10 +105,18 @@ func NewRegistry(userNS *auth.UserNamespace) *Registry {
 }
 
 // FindByID looks up a segment given an ID.
+//
+// FindByID returns a reference on Shm.
 func (r *Registry) FindByID(id ID) *Shm {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	return r.shms[id]
+	s := r.shms[id]
+	// Take a reference on s. If TryIncRef fails, s has reached the last
+	// DecRef, but hasn't quite been removed from r.shms yet.
+	if s != nil && s.TryIncRef() {
+		return s
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // dissociateKey removes the association between a segment and its key,
@@ -119,6 +137,8 @@ func (r *Registry) dissociateKey(s *Shm) {
 
 // FindOrCreate looks up or creates a segment in the registry. It's functionally
 // analogous to open(2).
+//
+// FindOrCreate returns a reference on Shm.
 func (r *Registry) FindOrCreate(ctx context.Context, pid int32, key Key, size uint64, mode linux.FileMode, private, create, exclusive bool) (*Shm, error) {
 	if (create || private) && (size < linux.SHMMIN || size > linux.SHMMAX) {
 		// "A new segment was to be created and size is less than SHMMIN or
@@ -166,6 +186,7 @@ func (r *Registry) FindOrCreate(ctx context.Context, pid int32, key Key, size ui
 				return nil, syserror.EEXIST
 			}
 
+			shm.IncRef()
 			return shm, nil
 		}
 
@@ -193,7 +214,14 @@ func (r *Registry) FindOrCreate(ctx context.Context, pid int32, key Key, size ui
 	// Need to create a new segment.
 	creator := fs.FileOwnerFromContext(ctx)
 	perms := fs.FilePermsFromMode(mode)
-	return r.newShm(ctx, pid, key, creator, perms, size)
+	s, err := r.newShm(ctx, pid, key, creator, perms, size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// The initial reference is held by s itself. Take another to return to
+	// the caller.
+	s.IncRef()
+	return s, nil
 }
 
 // newShm creates a new segment in the registry.
@@ -296,22 +324,26 @@ func (r *Registry) remove(s *Shm) {
 
 // Shm represents a single shared memory segment.
 //
-// Shm segment are backed directly by an allocation from platform
-// memory. Segments are always mapped as a whole, greatly simplifying how
-// mappings are tracked. However note that mremap and munmap calls may cause the
-// vma for a segment to become fragmented; which requires special care when
-// unmapping a segment. See mm/shm.go.
+// Shm segment are backed directly by an allocation from platform memory.
+// Segments are always mapped as a whole, greatly simplifying how mappings are
+// tracked. However note that mremap and munmap calls may cause the vma for a
+// segment to become fragmented; which requires special care when unmapping a
+// segment. See mm/shm.go.
 //
 // Segments persist until they are explicitly marked for destruction via
-// shmctl(SHM_RMID).
+// MarkDestroyed().
 //
 // Shm implements memmap.Mappable and memmap.MappingIdentity.
 //
 // +stateify savable
 type Shm struct {
-	// AtomicRefCount tracks the number of references to this segment from
-	// maps. A segment always holds a reference to itself, until it's marked for
+	// AtomicRefCount tracks the number of references to this segment.
+	//
+	// A segment holds a reference to itself until it is marked for
 	// destruction.
+	//
+	// In addition to direct users, the MemoryManager will hold references
+	// via MappingIdentity.
 	refs.AtomicRefCount
 
 	mfp pgalloc.MemoryFileProvider
@@ -337,7 +369,7 @@ type Shm struct {
 
 	// fr is the offset into mfp.MemoryFile() that backs this contents of this
 	// segment. Immutable.
-	fr platform.FileRange
+	fr memmap.FileRange
 
 	// mu protects all fields below.
 	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
@@ -399,8 +431,8 @@ func (s *Shm) InodeID() uint64 {
 // DecRef overrides refs.RefCount.DecRef with a destructor.
 //
 // Precondition: Caller must not hold s.mu.
-func (s *Shm) DecRef() {
-	s.DecRefWithDestructor(s.destroy)
+func (s *Shm) DecRef(ctx context.Context) {
+	s.DecRefWithDestructor(ctx, s.destroy)
 }
 
 // Msync implements memmap.MappingIdentity.Msync. Msync is a no-op for shm
@@ -428,7 +460,7 @@ func (s *Shm) AddMapping(ctx context.Context, _ memmap.MappingSpace, _ usermem.A
 func (s *Shm) RemoveMapping(ctx context.Context, _ memmap.MappingSpace, _ usermem.AddrRange, _ uint64, _ bool) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	// TODO(b/38173783): RemoveMapping may be called during task exit, when ctx
+	// RemoveMapping may be called during task exit, when ctx
 	// is context.Background. Gracefully handle missing clocks. Failing to
 	// update the detach time in these cases is ok, since no one can observe the
 	// omission.
@@ -484,9 +516,8 @@ type AttachOpts struct {
 // ConfigureAttach creates an mmap configuration for the segment with the
 // requested attach options.
 //
-// ConfigureAttach returns with a ref on s on success. The caller should drop
-// this once the map is installed. This reference prevents s from being
-// destroyed before the returned configuration is used.
+// Postconditions: The returned MMapOpts are valid only as long as a reference
+// continues to be held on s.
 func (s *Shm) ConfigureAttach(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, opts AttachOpts) (memmap.MMapOpts, error) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
@@ -504,7 +535,6 @@ func (s *Shm) ConfigureAttach(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, opts Attac
 		// in the user namespace that governs its IPC namespace." - man shmat(2)
 		return memmap.MMapOpts{}, syserror.EACCES
 	}
-	s.IncRef()
 	return memmap.MMapOpts{
 		Length: s.size,
 		Offset: 0,
@@ -549,10 +579,15 @@ func (s *Shm) IPCStat(ctx context.Context) (*linux.ShmidDS, error) {
 	}
 	creds := auth.CredentialsFromContext(ctx)
 
-	nattach := uint64(s.ReadRefs())
-	// Don't report the self-reference we keep prior to being marked for
-	// destruction. However, also don't report a count of -1 for segments marked
-	// as destroyed, with no mappings.
+	// Use the reference count as a rudimentary count of the number of
+	// attaches. We exclude:
+	//
+	// 1. The reference the caller holds.
+	// 2. The self-reference held by s prior to destruction.
+	//
+	// Note that this may still overcount by including transient references
+	// used in concurrent calls.
+	nattach := uint64(s.ReadRefs()) - 1
 	if !s.pendingDestruction {
 		nattach--
 	}
@@ -607,7 +642,7 @@ func (s *Shm) Set(ctx context.Context, ds *linux.ShmidDS) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Shm) destroy() {
+func (s *Shm) destroy(context.Context) {
 	s.mfp.MemoryFile().DecRef(s.fr)
 	s.registry.remove(s)
 }
@@ -616,22 +651,21 @@ func (s *Shm) destroy() {
 // destroyed once it has no references. MarkDestroyed may be called multiple
 // times, and is safe to call after a segment has already been destroyed. See
 // shmctl(IPC_RMID).
-func (s *Shm) MarkDestroyed() {
+func (s *Shm) MarkDestroyed(ctx context.Context) {
 	s.registry.dissociateKey(s)
 
 	s.mu.Lock()
-	// Only drop the segment's self-reference once, when destruction is
-	// requested. Otherwise, repeated calls to shmctl(IPC_RMID) would force a
-	// segment to be destroyed prematurely, potentially with active maps to the
-	// segment's address range. Remaining references are dropped when the
-	// segment is detached or unmaped.
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 	if !s.pendingDestruction {
 		s.pendingDestruction = true
-		s.mu.Unlock() // Must release s.mu before calling s.DecRef.
-		s.DecRef()
+		// Drop the self-reference so destruction occurs when all
+		// external references are gone.
+		//
+		// N.B. This cannot be the final DecRef, as the caller also
+		// holds a reference.
+		s.DecRef(ctx)
 		return
 	}
-	s.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
 // checkOwnership verifies whether a segment may be accessed by ctx as an
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal.go
index 02eede93d..e8cce37d0 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal.go
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ const SignalPanic = linux.SIGUSR2
 // Preconditions: Kernel must have an init process.
 func (k *Kernel) sendExternalSignal(info *arch.SignalInfo, context string) {
 	switch linux.Signal(info.Signo) {
+	case linux.SIGURG:
+		// Sent by the Go 1.14+ runtime for asynchronous goroutine preemption.
+
 	case platform.SignalInterrupt:
 		// Assume that a call to platform.Context.Interrupt() misfired.
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal_handlers.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal_handlers.go
index a16f3d57f..768fda220 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal_handlers.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signal_handlers.go
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 // SignalHandlers holds information about signal actions.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/BUILD
index 50b69d154..3eb78e91b 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/BUILD
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-package(licenses = ["notice"])
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+licenses(["notice"])
 
 go_library(
     name = "signalfd",
     srcs = ["signalfd.go"],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
         "//pkg/binary",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
+        "//pkg/context",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/anon",
         "//pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil",
         "//pkg/sentry/kernel",
-        "//pkg/sentry/usermem",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
+        "//pkg/usermem",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/signalfd.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/signalfd.go
index 4b08d7d72..b07e1c1bd 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/signalfd.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/signalfd/signalfd.go
@@ -16,17 +16,16 @@
 package signalfd
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/binary"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/anon"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs/fsutil"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, mask linux.SignalSet) (*fs.File, error) {
 }
 
 // Release implements fs.FileOperations.Release.
-func (s *SignalOperations) Release() {}
+func (s *SignalOperations) Release(context.Context) {}
 
 // Mask returns the signal mask.
 func (s *SignalOperations) Mask() linux.SignalSet {
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls.go
index 220fa73a2..413111faf 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls.go
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/bits"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // maxSyscallNum is the highest supported syscall number.
 //
 // The types below create fast lookup slices for all syscalls. This maximum
 // serves as a sanity check that we don't allocate huge slices for a very large
-// syscall.
+// syscall. This is checked during registration.
 const maxSyscallNum = 2000
 
 // SyscallSupportLevel is a syscall support levels.
@@ -209,65 +209,71 @@ type Stracer interface {
 	// SyscallEnter is called on syscall entry.
 	//
 	// The returned private data is passed to SyscallExit.
-	//
-	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/155): remove kernel imports from the strace
-	// package so that the type can be used directly.
 	SyscallEnter(t *Task, sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments, flags uint32) interface{}
 
 	// SyscallExit is called on syscall exit.
 	SyscallExit(context interface{}, t *Task, sysno, rval uintptr, err error)
 }
 
-// SyscallTable is a lookup table of system calls. Critically, a SyscallTable
-// is *immutable*. In order to make supporting suspend and resume sane, they
-// must be uniquely registered and may not change during operation.
+// SyscallTable is a lookup table of system calls.
 //
-// +stateify savable
+// Note that a SyscallTable is not savable directly. Instead, they are saved as
+// an OS/Arch pair and lookup happens again on restore.
 type SyscallTable struct {
 	// OS is the operating system that this syscall table implements.
-	OS abi.OS `state:"wait"`
+	OS abi.OS
 
 	// Arch is the architecture that this syscall table targets.
-	Arch arch.Arch `state:"wait"`
+	Arch arch.Arch
 
 	// The OS version that this syscall table implements.
-	Version Version `state:"manual"`
+	Version Version
 
 	// AuditNumber is a numeric constant that represents the syscall table. If
 	// non-zero, auditNumber must be one of the AUDIT_ARCH_* values defined by
 	// linux/audit.h.
-	AuditNumber uint32 `state:"manual"`
+	AuditNumber uint32
 
 	// Table is the collection of functions.
-	Table map[uintptr]Syscall `state:"manual"`
+	Table map[uintptr]Syscall
 
 	// lookup is a fixed-size array that holds the syscalls (indexed by
 	// their numbers). It is used for fast look ups.
-	lookup []SyscallFn `state:"manual"`
+	lookup []SyscallFn
 
 	// Emulate is a collection of instruction addresses to emulate. The
 	// keys are addresses, and the values are system call numbers.
-	Emulate map[usermem.Addr]uintptr `state:"manual"`
+	Emulate map[usermem.Addr]uintptr
 
 	// The function to call in case of a missing system call.
-	Missing MissingFn `state:"manual"`
+	Missing MissingFn
 
 	// Stracer traces this syscall table.
-	Stracer Stracer `state:"manual"`
+	Stracer Stracer
 
 	// External is used to handle an external callback.
-	External func(*Kernel) `state:"manual"`
+	External func(*Kernel)
 
 	// ExternalFilterBefore is called before External is called before the syscall is executed.
 	// External is not called if it returns false.
-	ExternalFilterBefore func(*Task, uintptr, arch.SyscallArguments) bool `state:"manual"`
+	ExternalFilterBefore func(*Task, uintptr, arch.SyscallArguments) bool
 
 	// ExternalFilterAfter is called before External is called after the syscall is executed.
 	// External is not called if it returns false.
-	ExternalFilterAfter func(*Task, uintptr, arch.SyscallArguments) bool `state:"manual"`
+	ExternalFilterAfter func(*Task, uintptr, arch.SyscallArguments) bool
 
 	// FeatureEnable stores the strace and one-shot enable bits.
-	FeatureEnable SyscallFlagsTable `state:"manual"`
+	FeatureEnable SyscallFlagsTable
+}
+
+// MaxSysno returns the largest system call number.
+func (s *SyscallTable) MaxSysno() (max uintptr) {
+	for num := range s.Table {
+		if num > max {
+			max = num
+		}
+	}
+	return max
 }
 
 // allSyscallTables contains all known tables.
@@ -290,6 +296,20 @@ func LookupSyscallTable(os abi.OS, a arch.Arch) (*SyscallTable, bool) {
 
 // RegisterSyscallTable registers a new syscall table for use by a Kernel.
 func RegisterSyscallTable(s *SyscallTable) {
+	if max := s.MaxSysno(); max > maxSyscallNum {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("SyscallTable %+v contains too large syscall number %d", s, max))
+	}
+	if _, ok := LookupSyscallTable(s.OS, s.Arch); ok {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Duplicate SyscallTable registered for OS %v Arch %v", s.OS, s.Arch))
+	}
+	allSyscallTables = append(allSyscallTables, s)
+	s.Init()
+}
+
+// Init initializes the system call table.
+//
+// This should normally be called only during registration.
+func (s *SyscallTable) Init() {
 	if s.Table == nil {
 		// Ensure non-nil lookup table.
 		s.Table = make(map[uintptr]Syscall)
@@ -299,35 +319,16 @@ func RegisterSyscallTable(s *SyscallTable) {
 		s.Emulate = make(map[usermem.Addr]uintptr)
 	}
 
-	var max uintptr
-	for num := range s.Table {
-		if num > max {
-			max = num
-		}
-	}
-
-	if max > maxSyscallNum {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("SyscallTable %+v contains too large syscall number %d", s, max))
-	}
-
-	s.lookup = make([]SyscallFn, max+1)
+	max := s.MaxSysno() // Checked during RegisterSyscallTable.
 
 	// Initialize the fast-lookup table.
+	s.lookup = make([]SyscallFn, max+1)
 	for num, sc := range s.Table {
 		s.lookup[num] = sc.Fn
 	}
 
+	// Initialize all features.
 	s.FeatureEnable.init(s.Table, max)
-
-	if _, ok := LookupSyscallTable(s.OS, s.Arch); ok {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Duplicate SyscallTable registered for OS %v Arch %v", s.OS, s.Arch))
-	}
-
-	// Save a reference to this table.
-	//
-	// This is required for a Kernel to find the table and for save/restore
-	// operations below.
-	allSyscallTables = append(allSyscallTables, s)
 }
 
 // Lookup returns the syscall implementation, if one exists.
@@ -339,6 +340,14 @@ func (s *SyscallTable) Lookup(sysno uintptr) SyscallFn {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// LookupName looks up a syscall name.
+func (s *SyscallTable) LookupName(sysno uintptr) string {
+	if sc, ok := s.Table[sysno]; ok {
+		return sc.Name
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("sys_%d", sysno) // Unlikely.
+}
+
 // LookupEmulate looks up an emulation syscall number.
 func (s *SyscallTable) LookupEmulate(addr usermem.Addr) (uintptr, bool) {
 	sysno, ok := s.Emulate[addr]
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls_state.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls_state.go
index 00358326b..90f890495 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls_state.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/syscalls_state.go
@@ -14,16 +14,34 @@
 
 package kernel
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
 
-// afterLoad is invoked by stateify.
-func (s *SyscallTable) afterLoad() {
-	otherTable, ok := LookupSyscallTable(s.OS, s.Arch)
-	if !ok {
-		// Couldn't find a reference?
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("syscall table not found for OS %v Arch %v", s.OS, s.Arch))
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
+)
+
+// syscallTableInfo is used to reload the SyscallTable.
+//
+// +stateify savable
+type syscallTableInfo struct {
+	OS   abi.OS
+	Arch arch.Arch
+}
+
+// saveSt saves the SyscallTable.
+func (tc *TaskContext) saveSt() syscallTableInfo {
+	return syscallTableInfo{
+		OS:   tc.st.OS,
+		Arch: tc.st.Arch,
 	}
+}
 
-	// Copy the table.
-	*s = *otherTable
+// loadSt loads the SyscallTable.
+func (tc *TaskContext) loadSt(sti syscallTableInfo) {
+	st, ok := LookupSyscallTable(sti.OS, sti.Arch)
+	if !ok {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("syscall table not found for OS %v, Arch %v", sti.OS, sti.Arch))
+	}
+	tc.st = st // Save the table reference.
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/syslog.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/syslog.go
index 8227ecf1d..a83ce219c 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/syslog.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/syslog.go
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ package kernel
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/rand"
-	"sync"
+
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 // syslog represents a sentry-global kernel log.
@@ -97,6 +98,15 @@ func (s *syslog) Log() []byte {
 		s.msg = append(s.msg, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, time, selectMessage()))...)
 	}
 
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		time += rand.Float64() / 2
+		s.msg = append(s.msg, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, time, "Setting up VFS2..."))...)
+		if FUSEEnabled {
+			time += rand.Float64() / 2
+			s.msg = append(s.msg, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, time, "Setting up FUSE..."))...)
+		}
+	}
+
 	time += rand.Float64() / 2
 	s.msg = append(s.msg, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, time, "Ready!"))...)
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task.go
index c82ef5486..5aee699e7 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task.go
@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"sync"
+	gocontext "context"
+	"runtime/trace"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/bpf"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/inet"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
@@ -34,9 +35,11 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/unimpl"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/uniqueid"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/third_party/gvsync"
 )
 
 // Task represents a thread of execution in the untrusted app.  It
@@ -65,6 +68,21 @@ type Task struct {
 	// runState is exclusive to the task goroutine.
 	runState taskRunState
 
+	// taskWorkCount represents the current size of the task work queue. It is
+	// used to avoid acquiring taskWorkMu when the queue is empty.
+	//
+	// Must accessed with atomic memory operations.
+	taskWorkCount int32
+
+	// taskWorkMu protects taskWork.
+	taskWorkMu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
+
+	// taskWork is a queue of work to be executed before resuming user execution.
+	// It is similar to the task_work mechanism in Linux.
+	//
+	// taskWork is exclusive to the task goroutine.
+	taskWork []TaskWorker
+
 	// haveSyscallReturn is true if tc.Arch().Return() represents a value
 	// returned by a syscall (or set by ptrace after a syscall).
 	//
@@ -83,7 +101,7 @@ type Task struct {
 	//
 	// gosched is protected by goschedSeq. gosched is owned by the task
 	// goroutine.
-	goschedSeq gvsync.SeqCount `state:"nosave"`
+	goschedSeq sync.SeqCount `state:"nosave"`
 	gosched    TaskGoroutineSchedInfo
 
 	// yieldCount is the number of times the task goroutine has called
@@ -390,7 +408,14 @@ type Task struct {
 
 	// logPrefix is a string containing the task's thread ID in the root PID
 	// namespace, and is prepended to log messages emitted by Task.Infof etc.
-	logPrefix atomic.Value `state:".(string)"`
+	logPrefix atomic.Value `state:"nosave"`
+
+	// traceContext and traceTask are both used for tracing, and are
+	// updated along with the logPrefix in updateInfoLocked.
+	//
+	// These are exclusive to the task goroutine.
+	traceContext gocontext.Context `state:"nosave"`
+	traceTask    *trace.Task       `state:"nosave"`
 
 	// creds is the task's credentials.
 	//
@@ -415,6 +440,11 @@ type Task struct {
 	// abstractSockets is protected by mu.
 	abstractSockets *AbstractSocketNamespace
 
+	// mountNamespaceVFS2 is the task's mount namespace.
+	//
+	// It is protected by mu. It is owned by the task goroutine.
+	mountNamespaceVFS2 *vfs.MountNamespace
+
 	// parentDeathSignal is sent to this task's thread group when its parent exits.
 	//
 	// parentDeathSignal is protected by mu.
@@ -469,29 +499,51 @@ type Task struct {
 	// bit.
 	//
 	// numaPolicy and numaNodeMask are protected by mu.
-	numaPolicy   int32
+	numaPolicy   linux.NumaPolicy
 	numaNodeMask uint64
 
-	// If netns is true, the task is in a non-root network namespace. Network
-	// namespaces aren't currently implemented in full; being in a network
-	// namespace simply prevents the task from observing any network devices
-	// (including loopback) or using abstract socket addresses (see unix(7)).
+	// netns is the task's network namespace. netns is never nil.
 	//
-	// netns is protected by mu. netns is owned by the task goroutine.
-	netns bool
+	// netns is protected by mu.
+	netns *inet.Namespace
 
-	// If rseqPreempted is true, before the next call to p.Switch(), interrupt
-	// RSEQ critical regions as defined by tg.rseq and write the task
-	// goroutine's CPU number to rseqCPUAddr. rseqCPU is the last CPU number
-	// written to rseqCPUAddr.
+	// If rseqPreempted is true, before the next call to p.Switch(),
+	// interrupt rseq critical regions as defined by rseqAddr and
+	// tg.oldRSeqCritical and write the task goroutine's CPU number to
+	// rseqAddr/oldRSeqCPUAddr.
 	//
-	// If rseqCPUAddr is 0, rseqCPU is -1.
+	// We support two ABIs for restartable sequences:
 	//
-	// rseqCPUAddr, rseqCPU, and rseqPreempted are exclusive to the task
-	// goroutine.
+	//  1. The upstream interface added in v4.18,
+	//  2. An "old" interface never merged upstream. In the implementation,
+	//     this is referred to as "old rseq".
+	//
+	// rseqPreempted is exclusive to the task goroutine.
 	rseqPreempted bool `state:"nosave"`
-	rseqCPUAddr   usermem.Addr
-	rseqCPU       int32
+
+	// rseqCPU is the last CPU number written to rseqAddr/oldRSeqCPUAddr.
+	//
+	// If rseq is unused, rseqCPU is -1 for convenient use in
+	// platform.Context.Switch.
+	//
+	// rseqCPU is exclusive to the task goroutine.
+	rseqCPU int32
+
+	// oldRSeqCPUAddr is a pointer to the userspace old rseq CPU variable.
+	//
+	// oldRSeqCPUAddr is exclusive to the task goroutine.
+	oldRSeqCPUAddr usermem.Addr
+
+	// rseqAddr is a pointer to the userspace linux.RSeq structure.
+	//
+	// rseqAddr is exclusive to the task goroutine.
+	rseqAddr usermem.Addr
+
+	// rseqSignature is the signature that the rseq abort IP must be signed
+	// with.
+	//
+	// rseqSignature is exclusive to the task goroutine.
+	rseqSignature uint32
 
 	// copyScratchBuffer is a buffer available to CopyIn/CopyOut
 	// implementations that require an intermediate buffer to copy data
@@ -513,6 +565,10 @@ type Task struct {
 	// futexWaiter is exclusive to the task goroutine.
 	futexWaiter *futex.Waiter `state:"nosave"`
 
+	// robustList is a pointer to the head of the tasks's robust futex
+	// list.
+	robustList usermem.Addr
+
 	// startTime is the real time at which the task started. It is set when
 	// a Task is created or invokes execve(2).
 	//
@@ -528,14 +584,6 @@ func (t *Task) loadPtraceTracer(tracer *Task) {
 	t.ptraceTracer.Store(tracer)
 }
 
-func (t *Task) saveLogPrefix() string {
-	return t.logPrefix.Load().(string)
-}
-
-func (t *Task) loadLogPrefix(prefix string) {
-	t.logPrefix.Store(prefix)
-}
-
 func (t *Task) saveSyscallFilters() []bpf.Program {
 	if f := t.syscallFilters.Load(); f != nil {
 		return f.([]bpf.Program)
@@ -549,6 +597,7 @@ func (t *Task) loadSyscallFilters(filters []bpf.Program) {
 
 // afterLoad is invoked by stateify.
 func (t *Task) afterLoad() {
+	t.updateInfoLocked()
 	t.interruptChan = make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	t.gosched.State = TaskGoroutineNonexistent
 	if t.stop != nil {
@@ -611,6 +660,11 @@ func (t *Task) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
 		return int32(t.ThreadGroup().ID())
 	case fs.CtxRoot:
 		return t.fsContext.RootDirectory()
+	case vfs.CtxRoot:
+		return t.fsContext.RootDirectoryVFS2()
+	case vfs.CtxMountNamespace:
+		t.mountNamespaceVFS2.IncRef()
+		return t.mountNamespaceVFS2
 	case fs.CtxDirentCacheLimiter:
 		return t.k.DirentCacheLimiter
 	case inet.CtxStack:
@@ -674,11 +728,19 @@ func (t *Task) SyscallRestartBlock() SyscallRestartBlock {
 // Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine, or t.mu
 // must be locked.
 func (t *Task) IsChrooted() bool {
+	if VFS2Enabled {
+		realRoot := t.mountNamespaceVFS2.Root()
+		defer realRoot.DecRef(t)
+		root := t.fsContext.RootDirectoryVFS2()
+		defer root.DecRef(t)
+		return root != realRoot
+	}
+
 	realRoot := t.tg.mounts.Root()
-	defer realRoot.DecRef()
+	defer realRoot.DecRef(t)
 	root := t.fsContext.RootDirectory()
 	if root != nil {
-		defer root.DecRef()
+		defer root.DecRef(t)
 	}
 	return root != realRoot
 }
@@ -709,14 +771,22 @@ func (t *Task) FDTable() *FDTable {
 	return t.fdTable
 }
 
-// GetFile is a convenience wrapper t.FDTable().GetFile.
+// GetFile is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().Get.
 //
-// Precondition: same as FDTable.
+// Precondition: same as FDTable.Get.
 func (t *Task) GetFile(fd int32) *fs.File {
 	f, _ := t.fdTable.Get(fd)
 	return f
 }
 
+// GetFileVFS2 is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().GetVFS2.
+//
+// Precondition: same as FDTable.Get.
+func (t *Task) GetFileVFS2(fd int32) *vfs.FileDescription {
+	f, _ := t.fdTable.GetVFS2(fd)
+	return f
+}
+
 // NewFDs is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().NewFDs.
 //
 // This automatically passes the task as the context.
@@ -726,6 +796,15 @@ func (t *Task) NewFDs(fd int32, files []*fs.File, flags FDFlags) ([]int32, error
 	return t.fdTable.NewFDs(t, fd, files, flags)
 }
 
+// NewFDsVFS2 is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().NewFDsVFS2.
+//
+// This automatically passes the task as the context.
+//
+// Precondition: same as FDTable.
+func (t *Task) NewFDsVFS2(fd int32, files []*vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) ([]int32, error) {
+	return t.fdTable.NewFDsVFS2(t, fd, files, flags)
+}
+
 // NewFDFrom is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().NewFDs with a single file.
 //
 // This automatically passes the task as the context.
@@ -739,6 +818,15 @@ func (t *Task) NewFDFrom(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) (int32, error)
 	return fds[0], nil
 }
 
+// NewFDFromVFS2 is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().NewFDVFS2.
+//
+// This automatically passes the task as the context.
+//
+// Precondition: same as FDTable.Get.
+func (t *Task) NewFDFromVFS2(fd int32, file *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) (int32, error) {
+	return t.fdTable.NewFDVFS2(t, fd, file, flags)
+}
+
 // NewFDAt is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().NewFDAt.
 //
 // This automatically passes the task as the context.
@@ -748,6 +836,15 @@ func (t *Task) NewFDAt(fd int32, file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) error {
 	return t.fdTable.NewFDAt(t, fd, file, flags)
 }
 
+// NewFDAtVFS2 is a convenience wrapper for t.FDTable().NewFDAtVFS2.
+//
+// This automatically passes the task as the context.
+//
+// Precondition: same as FDTable.
+func (t *Task) NewFDAtVFS2(fd int32, file *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) error {
+	return t.fdTable.NewFDAtVFS2(t, fd, file, flags)
+}
+
 // WithMuLocked executes f with t.mu locked.
 func (t *Task) WithMuLocked(f func(*Task)) {
 	t.mu.Lock()
@@ -761,6 +858,15 @@ func (t *Task) MountNamespace() *fs.MountNamespace {
 	return t.tg.mounts
 }
 
+// MountNamespaceVFS2 returns t's MountNamespace. A reference is taken on the
+// returned mount namespace.
+func (t *Task) MountNamespaceVFS2() *vfs.MountNamespace {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	t.mountNamespaceVFS2.IncRef()
+	return t.mountNamespaceVFS2
+}
+
 // AbstractSockets returns t's AbstractSocketNamespace.
 func (t *Task) AbstractSockets() *AbstractSocketNamespace {
 	return t.abstractSockets
@@ -770,3 +876,30 @@ func (t *Task) AbstractSockets() *AbstractSocketNamespace {
 func (t *Task) ContainerID() string {
 	return t.containerID
 }
+
+// OOMScoreAdj gets the task's thread group's OOM score adjustment.
+func (t *Task) OOMScoreAdj() int32 {
+	return atomic.LoadInt32(&t.tg.oomScoreAdj)
+}
+
+// SetOOMScoreAdj sets the task's thread group's OOM score adjustment. The
+// value should be between -1000 and 1000 inclusive.
+func (t *Task) SetOOMScoreAdj(adj int32) error {
+	if adj > 1000 || adj < -1000 {
+		return syserror.EINVAL
+	}
+	atomic.StoreInt32(&t.tg.oomScoreAdj, adj)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// UID returns t's uid.
+// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): This method is not namespaced yet.
+func (t *Task) UID() uint32 {
+	return uint32(t.Credentials().EffectiveKUID)
+}
+
+// GID returns t's gid.
+// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/170): This method is not namespaced yet.
+func (t *Task) GID() uint32 {
+	return uint32(t.Credentials().EffectiveKGID)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_block.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_block.go
index dd69939f9..4a4a69ee2 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_block.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_block.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"runtime"
+	"runtime/trace"
 	"time"
 
 	ktime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
@@ -133,19 +134,24 @@ func (t *Task) block(C <-chan struct{}, timerChan <-chan struct{}) error {
 		runtime.Gosched()
 	}
 
+	region := trace.StartRegion(t.traceContext, blockRegion)
 	select {
 	case <-C:
+		region.End()
 		t.SleepFinish(true)
+		// Woken by event.
 		return nil
 
 	case <-interrupt:
+		region.End()
 		t.SleepFinish(false)
 		// Return the indicated error on interrupt.
 		return syserror.ErrInterrupted
 
 	case <-timerChan:
-		// We've timed out.
+		region.End()
 		t.SleepFinish(true)
+		// We've timed out.
 		return syserror.ETIMEDOUT
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_clone.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_clone.go
index 0916fd658..9d7a9128f 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_clone.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_clone.go
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/bpf"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/inet"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // SharingOptions controls what resources are shared by a new task created by
@@ -54,8 +57,7 @@ type SharingOptions struct {
 	NewUserNamespace bool
 
 	// If NewNetworkNamespace is true, the task should have an independent
-	// network namespace. (Note that network namespaces are not really
-	// implemented; see comment on Task.netns for details.)
+	// network namespace.
 	NewNetworkNamespace bool
 
 	// If NewFiles is true, the task should use an independent file descriptor
@@ -159,6 +161,10 @@ func (t *Task) Clone(opts *CloneOptions) (ThreadID, *SyscallControl, error) {
 		return 0, nil, syserror.EINVAL
 	}
 
+	// Pull task registers and FPU state, a cloned task will inherit the
+	// state of the current task.
+	t.p.PullFullState(t.MemoryManager().AddressSpace(), t.Arch())
+
 	// "If CLONE_NEWUSER is specified along with other CLONE_NEW* flags in a
 	// single clone(2) or unshare(2) call, the user namespace is guaranteed to
 	// be created first, giving the child (clone(2)) or caller (unshare(2))
@@ -199,6 +205,17 @@ func (t *Task) Clone(opts *CloneOptions) (ThreadID, *SyscallControl, error) {
 		ipcns = NewIPCNamespace(userns)
 	}
 
+	netns := t.NetworkNamespace()
+	if opts.NewNetworkNamespace {
+		netns = inet.NewNamespace(netns)
+	}
+
+	// TODO(b/63601033): Implement CLONE_NEWNS.
+	mntnsVFS2 := t.mountNamespaceVFS2
+	if mntnsVFS2 != nil {
+		mntnsVFS2.IncRef()
+	}
+
 	tc, err := t.tc.Fork(t, t.k, !opts.NewAddressSpace)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, nil, err
@@ -224,7 +241,7 @@ func (t *Task) Clone(opts *CloneOptions) (ThreadID, *SyscallControl, error) {
 
 	var fdTable *FDTable
 	if opts.NewFiles {
-		fdTable = t.fdTable.Fork()
+		fdTable = t.fdTable.Fork(t)
 	} else {
 		fdTable = t.fdTable
 		fdTable.IncRef()
@@ -236,14 +253,22 @@ func (t *Task) Clone(opts *CloneOptions) (ThreadID, *SyscallControl, error) {
 	} else if opts.NewPIDNamespace {
 		pidns = pidns.NewChild(userns)
 	}
+
 	tg := t.tg
+	rseqAddr := usermem.Addr(0)
+	rseqSignature := uint32(0)
 	if opts.NewThreadGroup {
-		tg.mounts.IncRef()
+		if tg.mounts != nil {
+			tg.mounts.IncRef()
+		}
 		sh := t.tg.signalHandlers
 		if opts.NewSignalHandlers {
 			sh = sh.Fork()
 		}
-		tg = t.k.newThreadGroup(tg.mounts, pidns, sh, opts.TerminationSignal, tg.limits.GetCopy(), t.k.monotonicClock)
+		tg = t.k.NewThreadGroup(tg.mounts, pidns, sh, opts.TerminationSignal, tg.limits.GetCopy())
+		tg.oomScoreAdj = atomic.LoadInt32(&t.tg.oomScoreAdj)
+		rseqAddr = t.rseqAddr
+		rseqSignature = t.rseqSignature
 	}
 
 	cfg := &TaskConfig{
@@ -255,11 +280,14 @@ func (t *Task) Clone(opts *CloneOptions) (ThreadID, *SyscallControl, error) {
 		FDTable:                 fdTable,
 		Credentials:             creds,
 		Niceness:                t.Niceness(),
-		NetworkNamespaced:       t.netns,
+		NetworkNamespace:        netns,
 		AllowedCPUMask:          t.CPUMask(),
 		UTSNamespace:            utsns,
 		IPCNamespace:            ipcns,
 		AbstractSocketNamespace: t.abstractSockets,
+		MountNamespaceVFS2:      mntnsVFS2,
+		RSeqAddr:                rseqAddr,
+		RSeqSignature:           rseqSignature,
 		ContainerID:             t.ContainerID(),
 	}
 	if opts.NewThreadGroup {
@@ -267,13 +295,10 @@ func (t *Task) Clone(opts *CloneOptions) (ThreadID, *SyscallControl, error) {
 	} else {
 		cfg.InheritParent = t
 	}
-	if opts.NewNetworkNamespace {
-		cfg.NetworkNamespaced = true
-	}
 	nt, err := t.tg.pidns.owner.NewTask(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		if opts.NewThreadGroup {
-			tg.release()
+			tg.release(t)
 		}
 		return 0, nil, err
 	}
@@ -299,6 +324,7 @@ func (t *Task) Clone(opts *CloneOptions) (ThreadID, *SyscallControl, error) {
 	// nt that it must receive before its task goroutine starts running.
 	tid := nt.k.tasks.Root.IDOfTask(nt)
 	defer nt.Start(tid)
+	t.traceCloneEvent(tid)
 
 	// "If fork/clone and execve are allowed by @prog, any child processes will
 	// be constrained to the same filters and system call ABI as the parent." -
@@ -465,7 +491,7 @@ func (t *Task) Unshare(opts *SharingOptions) error {
 			t.mu.Unlock()
 			return syserror.EPERM
 		}
-		t.netns = true
+		t.netns = inet.NewNamespace(t.netns)
 	}
 	if opts.NewUTSNamespace {
 		if !haveCapSysAdmin {
@@ -488,7 +514,7 @@ func (t *Task) Unshare(opts *SharingOptions) error {
 	var oldFDTable *FDTable
 	if opts.NewFiles {
 		oldFDTable = t.fdTable
-		t.fdTable = oldFDTable.Fork()
+		t.fdTable = oldFDTable.Fork(t)
 	}
 	var oldFSContext *FSContext
 	if opts.NewFSContext {
@@ -497,10 +523,10 @@ func (t *Task) Unshare(opts *SharingOptions) error {
 	}
 	t.mu.Unlock()
 	if oldFDTable != nil {
-		oldFDTable.DecRef()
+		oldFDTable.DecRef(t)
 	}
 	if oldFSContext != nil {
-		oldFSContext.DecRef()
+		oldFSContext.DecRef(t)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_context.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_context.go
index bb5560acf..9fa528384 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_context.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_context.go
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/loader"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/mm"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserr"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 var errNoSyscalls = syserr.New("no syscall table found", linux.ENOEXEC)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ type TaskContext struct {
 	fu *futex.Manager
 
 	// st is the task's syscall table.
-	st *SyscallTable
+	st *SyscallTable `state:".(syscallTableInfo)"`
 }
 
 // release releases all resources held by the TaskContext. release is called by
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ func (tc *TaskContext) release() {
 	// Nil out pointers so that if the task is saved after release, it doesn't
 	// follow the pointers to possibly now-invalid objects.
 	if tc.MemoryManager != nil {
-		// TODO(b/38173783)
 		tc.MemoryManager.DecUsers(context.Background())
 		tc.MemoryManager = nil
 	}
@@ -136,11 +135,11 @@ func (t *Task) Stack() *arch.Stack {
 func (k *Kernel) LoadTaskImage(ctx context.Context, args loader.LoadArgs) (*TaskContext, *syserr.Error) {
 	// If File is not nil, we should load that instead of resolving Filename.
 	if args.File != nil {
-		args.Filename = args.File.MappedName(ctx)
+		args.Filename = args.File.PathnameWithDeleted(ctx)
 	}
 
 	// Prepare a new user address space to load into.
-	m := mm.NewMemoryManager(k, k)
+	m := mm.NewMemoryManager(k, k, k.SleepForAddressSpaceActivation)
 	defer m.DecUsers(ctx)
 	args.MemoryManager = m
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exec.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exec.go
index 17a089b90..5e4fb3e3a 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exec.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exec.go
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/mm"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
 
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ type runSyscallAfterExecStop struct {
 }
 
 func (r *runSyscallAfterExecStop) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
+	t.traceExecEvent(r.tc)
 	t.tg.pidns.owner.mu.Lock()
 	t.tg.execing = nil
 	if t.killed() {
@@ -189,16 +191,25 @@ func (r *runSyscallAfterExecStop) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 	t.updateRSSLocked()
 	// Restartable sequence state is discarded.
 	t.rseqPreempted = false
-	t.rseqCPUAddr = 0
 	t.rseqCPU = -1
-	t.tg.rscr.Store(&RSEQCriticalRegion{})
+	t.rseqAddr = 0
+	t.rseqSignature = 0
+	t.oldRSeqCPUAddr = 0
+	t.tg.oldRSeqCritical.Store(&OldRSeqCriticalRegion{})
 	t.tg.pidns.owner.mu.Unlock()
 
+	oldFDTable := t.fdTable
+	t.fdTable = t.fdTable.Fork(t)
+	oldFDTable.DecRef(t)
+
 	// Remove FDs with the CloseOnExec flag set.
-	t.fdTable.RemoveIf(func(file *fs.File, flags FDFlags) bool {
+	t.fdTable.RemoveIf(t, func(_ *fs.File, _ *vfs.FileDescription, flags FDFlags) bool {
 		return flags.CloseOnExec
 	})
 
+	// Handle the robust futex list.
+	t.exitRobustList()
+
 	// NOTE(b/30815691): We currently do not implement privileged
 	// executables (set-user/group-ID bits and file capabilities). This
 	// allows us to unconditionally enable user dumpability on the new mm.
@@ -215,8 +226,9 @@ func (r *runSyscallAfterExecStop) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 	t.tc = *r.tc
 	t.mu.Unlock()
 	t.unstopVforkParent()
+	t.p.FullStateChanged()
 	// NOTE(b/30316266): All locks must be dropped prior to calling Activate.
-	t.MemoryManager().Activate()
+	t.MemoryManager().Activate(t)
 
 	t.ptraceExec(oldTID)
 	return (*runSyscallExit)(nil)
@@ -253,7 +265,7 @@ func (t *Task) promoteLocked() {
 
 	t.tg.leader = t
 	t.Infof("Becoming TID %d (in root PID namespace)", t.tg.pidns.owner.Root.tids[t])
-	t.updateLogPrefixLocked()
+	t.updateInfoLocked()
 	// Reap the original leader. If it has a tracer, detach it instead of
 	// waiting for it to acknowledge the original leader's death.
 	oldLeader.exitParentNotified = true
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exit.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exit.go
index 535f03e50..c165d6cb1 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exit.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_exit.go
@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ func (*runExit) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 type runExitMain struct{}
 
 func (*runExitMain) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
+	t.traceExitEvent()
 	lastExiter := t.exitThreadGroup()
 
 	// If the task has a cleartid, and the thread group wasn't killed by a
@@ -252,6 +253,9 @@ func (*runExitMain) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Handle the robust futex list.
+	t.exitRobustList()
+
 	// Deactivate the address space and update max RSS before releasing the
 	// task's MM.
 	t.Deactivate()
@@ -265,13 +269,20 @@ func (*runExitMain) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 	// Releasing the MM unblocks a blocked CLONE_VFORK parent.
 	t.unstopVforkParent()
 
-	t.fsContext.DecRef()
-	t.fdTable.DecRef()
+	t.fsContext.DecRef(t)
+	t.fdTable.DecRef(t)
+
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	if t.mountNamespaceVFS2 != nil {
+		t.mountNamespaceVFS2.DecRef(t)
+		t.mountNamespaceVFS2 = nil
+	}
+	t.mu.Unlock()
 
 	// If this is the last task to exit from the thread group, release the
 	// thread group's resources.
 	if lastExiter {
-		t.tg.release()
+		t.tg.release(t)
 	}
 
 	// Detach tracees.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_futex.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_futex.go
index c211b5b74..4b535c949 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_futex.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_futex.go
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // Futex returns t's futex manager.
@@ -52,3 +53,127 @@ func (t *Task) LoadUint32(addr usermem.Addr) (uint32, error) {
 func (t *Task) GetSharedKey(addr usermem.Addr) (futex.Key, error) {
 	return t.MemoryManager().GetSharedFutexKey(t, addr)
 }
+
+// GetRobustList sets the robust futex list for the task.
+func (t *Task) GetRobustList() usermem.Addr {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	addr := t.robustList
+	t.mu.Unlock()
+	return addr
+}
+
+// SetRobustList sets the robust futex list for the task.
+func (t *Task) SetRobustList(addr usermem.Addr) {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	t.robustList = addr
+	t.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// exitRobustList walks the robust futex list, marking locks dead and notifying
+// wakers. It corresponds to Linux's exit_robust_list(). Following Linux,
+// errors are silently ignored.
+func (t *Task) exitRobustList() {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	addr := t.robustList
+	t.robustList = 0
+	t.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if addr == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var rl linux.RobustListHead
+	if _, err := rl.CopyIn(t, usermem.Addr(addr)); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	next := rl.List
+	done := 0
+	var pendingLockAddr usermem.Addr
+	if rl.ListOpPending != 0 {
+		pendingLockAddr = usermem.Addr(rl.ListOpPending + rl.FutexOffset)
+	}
+
+	// Wake up normal elements.
+	for usermem.Addr(next) != addr {
+		// We traverse to the next element of the list before we
+		// actually wake anything. This prevents the race where waking
+		// this futex causes a modification of the list.
+		thisLockAddr := usermem.Addr(next + rl.FutexOffset)
+
+		// Try to decode the next element in the list before waking the
+		// current futex. But don't check the error until after we've
+		// woken the current futex. Linux does it in this order too
+		_, nextErr := t.CopyIn(usermem.Addr(next), &next)
+
+		// Wakeup the current futex if it's not pending.
+		if thisLockAddr != pendingLockAddr {
+			t.wakeRobustListOne(thisLockAddr)
+		}
+
+		// If there was an error copying the next futex, we must bail.
+		if nextErr != nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// This is a user structure, so it could be a massive list, or
+		// even contain a loop if they are trying to mess with us. We
+		// cap traversal to prevent that.
+		done++
+		if done >= linux.ROBUST_LIST_LIMIT {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Is there a pending entry to wake?
+	if pendingLockAddr != 0 {
+		t.wakeRobustListOne(pendingLockAddr)
+	}
+}
+
+// wakeRobustListOne wakes a single futex from the robust list.
+func (t *Task) wakeRobustListOne(addr usermem.Addr) {
+	// Bit 0 in address signals PI futex.
+	pi := addr&1 == 1
+	addr = addr &^ 1
+
+	// Load the futex.
+	f, err := t.LoadUint32(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Can't read this single value? Ignore the problem.
+		// We can wake the other futexes in the list.
+		return
+	}
+
+	tid := uint32(t.ThreadID())
+	for {
+		// Is this held by someone else?
+		if f&linux.FUTEX_TID_MASK != tid {
+			return
+		}
+
+		// This thread is dying and it's holding this futex. We need to
+		// set the owner died bit and wake up any waiters.
+		newF := (f & linux.FUTEX_WAITERS) | linux.FUTEX_OWNER_DIED
+		if curF, err := t.CompareAndSwapUint32(addr, f, newF); err != nil {
+			return
+		} else if curF != f {
+			// Futex changed out from under us. Try again...
+			f = curF
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Wake waiters if there are any.
+		if f&linux.FUTEX_WAITERS != 0 {
+			private := f&linux.FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG != 0
+			if pi {
+				t.Futex().UnlockPI(t, addr, tid, private)
+				return
+			}
+			t.Futex().Wake(t, addr, private, linux.FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY, 1)
+		}
+
+		// Done.
+		return
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_identity.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_identity.go
index ce3e6ef28..0325967e4 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_identity.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_identity.go
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ func (t *Task) SetKeepCaps(k bool) {
 	t.creds.Store(creds)
 }
 
-// updateCredsForExec updates t.creds to reflect an execve().
+// updateCredsForExecLocked updates t.creds to reflect an execve().
 //
 // NOTE(b/30815691): We currently do not implement privileged executables
 // (set-user/group-ID bits and file capabilities). This allows us to make a lot
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_log.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_log.go
index a29e9b9eb..d23cea802 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_log.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_log.go
@@ -16,36 +16,40 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"runtime/trace"
 	"sort"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 const (
 	// maxStackDebugBytes is the maximum number of user stack bytes that may be
 	// printed by debugDumpStack.
 	maxStackDebugBytes = 1024
+	// maxCodeDebugBytes is the maximum number of user code bytes that may be
+	// printed by debugDumpCode.
+	maxCodeDebugBytes = 128
 )
 
 // Infof logs an formatted info message by calling log.Infof.
 func (t *Task) Infof(fmt string, v ...interface{}) {
 	if log.IsLogging(log.Info) {
-		log.Infof(t.logPrefix.Load().(string)+fmt, v...)
+		log.InfofAtDepth(1, t.logPrefix.Load().(string)+fmt, v...)
 	}
 }
 
 // Warningf logs a warning string by calling log.Warningf.
 func (t *Task) Warningf(fmt string, v ...interface{}) {
 	if log.IsLogging(log.Warning) {
-		log.Warningf(t.logPrefix.Load().(string)+fmt, v...)
+		log.WarningfAtDepth(1, t.logPrefix.Load().(string)+fmt, v...)
 	}
 }
 
 // Debugf creates a debug string that includes the task ID.
 func (t *Task) Debugf(fmt string, v ...interface{}) {
 	if log.IsLogging(log.Debug) {
-		log.Debugf(t.logPrefix.Load().(string)+fmt, v...)
+		log.DebugfAtDepth(1, t.logPrefix.Load().(string)+fmt, v...)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ func (t *Task) IsLogging(level log.Level) bool {
 func (t *Task) DebugDumpState() {
 	t.debugDumpRegisters()
 	t.debugDumpStack()
+	t.debugDumpCode()
 	if mm := t.MemoryManager(); mm != nil {
 		t.Debugf("Mappings:\n%s", mm)
 	}
@@ -127,11 +132,120 @@ func (t *Task) debugDumpStack() {
 	}
 }
 
-// updateLogPrefix updates the task's cached log prefix to reflect its
-// current thread ID.
+// debugDumpCode logs user code contents at log level debug.
+//
+// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
+func (t *Task) debugDumpCode() {
+	if !t.IsLogging(log.Debug) {
+		return
+	}
+	m := t.MemoryManager()
+	if m == nil {
+		t.Debugf("Memory manager for task is gone, skipping application code dump.")
+		return
+	}
+	t.Debugf("Code:")
+	// Print code on both sides of the instruction register.
+	start := usermem.Addr(t.Arch().IP()) - maxCodeDebugBytes/2
+	// Round addr down to a 16-byte boundary.
+	start &= ^usermem.Addr(15)
+	// Print 16 bytes per line, one byte at a time.
+	for offset := uint64(0); offset < maxCodeDebugBytes; offset += 16 {
+		addr, ok := start.AddLength(offset)
+		if !ok {
+			break
+		}
+		var data [16]byte
+		n, err := m.CopyIn(t, addr, data[:], usermem.IOOpts{
+			IgnorePermissions: true,
+		})
+		// Print as much of the line as we can, even if an error was
+		// encountered.
+		if n > 0 {
+			t.Debugf("%x: % x", addr, data[:n])
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Debugf("Error reading stack at address %x: %v", addr+usermem.Addr(n), err)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// trace definitions.
+//
+// Note that all region names are prefixed by ':' in order to ensure that they
+// are lexically ordered before all system calls, which use the naked system
+// call name (e.g. "read") for maximum clarity.
+const (
+	traceCategory = "task"
+	runRegion     = ":run"
+	blockRegion   = ":block"
+	cpuidRegion   = ":cpuid"
+	faultRegion   = ":fault"
+)
+
+// updateInfoLocked updates the task's cached log prefix and tracing
+// information to reflect its current thread ID.
 //
 // Preconditions: The task's owning TaskSet.mu must be locked.
-func (t *Task) updateLogPrefixLocked() {
+func (t *Task) updateInfoLocked() {
 	// Use the task's TID in the root PID namespace for logging.
-	t.logPrefix.Store(fmt.Sprintf("[% 4d] ", t.tg.pidns.owner.Root.tids[t]))
+	tid := t.tg.pidns.owner.Root.tids[t]
+	t.logPrefix.Store(fmt.Sprintf("[% 4d] ", tid))
+	t.rebuildTraceContext(tid)
+}
+
+// rebuildTraceContext rebuilds the trace context.
+//
+// Precondition: the passed tid must be the tid in the root namespace.
+func (t *Task) rebuildTraceContext(tid ThreadID) {
+	// Re-initialize the trace context.
+	if t.traceTask != nil {
+		t.traceTask.End()
+	}
+
+	// Note that we define the "task type" to be the dynamic TID. This does
+	// not align perfectly with the documentation for "tasks" in the
+	// tracing package. Tasks may be assumed to be bounded by analysis
+	// tools. However, if we just use a generic "task" type here, then the
+	// "user-defined tasks" page on the tracing dashboard becomes nearly
+	// unusable, as it loads all traces from all tasks.
+	//
+	// We can assume that the number of tasks in the system is not
+	// arbitrarily large (in general it won't be, especially for cases
+	// where we're collecting a brief profile), so using the TID is a
+	// reasonable compromise in this case.
+	t.traceContext, t.traceTask = trace.NewTask(t, fmt.Sprintf("tid:%d", tid))
+}
+
+// traceCloneEvent is called when a new task is spawned.
+//
+// ntid must be the new task's ThreadID in the root namespace.
+func (t *Task) traceCloneEvent(ntid ThreadID) {
+	if !trace.IsEnabled() {
+		return
+	}
+	trace.Logf(t.traceContext, traceCategory, "spawn: %d", ntid)
+}
+
+// traceExitEvent is called when a task exits.
+func (t *Task) traceExitEvent() {
+	if !trace.IsEnabled() {
+		return
+	}
+	trace.Logf(t.traceContext, traceCategory, "exit status: 0x%x", t.exitStatus.Status())
+}
+
+// traceExecEvent is called when a task calls exec.
+func (t *Task) traceExecEvent(tc *TaskContext) {
+	if !trace.IsEnabled() {
+		return
+	}
+	file := tc.MemoryManager.Executable()
+	if file == nil {
+		trace.Logf(t.traceContext, traceCategory, "exec: << unknown >>")
+		return
+	}
+	defer file.DecRef(t)
+	trace.Logf(t.traceContext, traceCategory, "exec: %s", file.PathnameWithDeleted(t))
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_net.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_net.go
index 172a31e1d..f7711232c 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_net.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_net.go
@@ -22,14 +22,23 @@ import (
 func (t *Task) IsNetworkNamespaced() bool {
 	t.mu.Lock()
 	defer t.mu.Unlock()
-	return t.netns
+	return !t.netns.IsRoot()
 }
 
 // NetworkContext returns the network stack used by the task. NetworkContext
 // may return nil if no network stack is available.
+//
+// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1833): Migrate callers of this method to
+// NetworkNamespace().
 func (t *Task) NetworkContext() inet.Stack {
-	if t.IsNetworkNamespaced() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return t.k.networkStack
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	return t.netns.Stack()
+}
+
+// NetworkNamespace returns the network namespace observed by the task.
+func (t *Task) NetworkNamespace() *inet.Namespace {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	return t.netns
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_run.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_run.go
index c92266c59..abaf29216 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_run.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_run.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package kernel
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"runtime"
+	"runtime/trace"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 	ktime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/memmap"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/platform"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // A taskRunState is a reified state in the task state machine. See README.md
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ func (t *Task) run(threadID uintptr) {
 			t.tg.liveGoroutines.Done()
 			t.tg.pidns.owner.liveGoroutines.Done()
 			t.tg.pidns.owner.runningGoroutines.Done()
+			t.p.Release()
 
 			// Keep argument alive because stack trace for dead variables may not be correct.
 			runtime.KeepAlive(threadID)
@@ -125,13 +127,39 @@ func (t *Task) doStop() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (*runApp) handleCPUIDInstruction(t *Task) error {
+	if len(arch.CPUIDInstruction) == 0 {
+		// CPUID emulation isn't supported, but this code can be
+		// executed, because the ptrace platform returns
+		// ErrContextSignalCPUID on page faults too. Look at
+		// pkg/sentry/platform/ptrace/ptrace.go:context.Switch for more
+		// details.
+		return platform.ErrContextSignal
+	}
+	// Is this a CPUID instruction?
+	region := trace.StartRegion(t.traceContext, cpuidRegion)
+	expected := arch.CPUIDInstruction[:]
+	found := make([]byte, len(expected))
+	_, err := t.CopyIn(usermem.Addr(t.Arch().IP()), &found)
+	if err == nil && bytes.Equal(expected, found) {
+		// Skip the cpuid instruction.
+		t.Arch().CPUIDEmulate(t)
+		t.Arch().SetIP(t.Arch().IP() + uintptr(len(expected)))
+		region.End()
+
+		return nil
+	}
+	region.End() // Not an actual CPUID, but required copy-in.
+	return platform.ErrContextSignal
+}
+
 // The runApp state checks for interrupts before executing untrusted
 // application code.
 //
 // +stateify savable
 type runApp struct{}
 
-func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
+func (app *runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 	if t.interrupted() {
 		// Checkpointing instructs tasks to stop by sending an interrupt, so we
 		// must check for stops before entering runInterrupt (instead of
@@ -139,7 +167,22 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 		return (*runInterrupt)(nil)
 	}
 
-	// We're about to switch to the application again. If there's still a
+	// Execute any task work callbacks before returning to user space.
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&t.taskWorkCount) > 0 {
+		t.taskWorkMu.Lock()
+		queue := t.taskWork
+		t.taskWork = nil
+		atomic.StoreInt32(&t.taskWorkCount, 0)
+		t.taskWorkMu.Unlock()
+
+		// Do not hold taskWorkMu while executing task work, which may register
+		// more work.
+		for _, work := range queue {
+			work.TaskWork(t)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// We're about to switch to the application again. If there's still an
 	// unhandled SyscallRestartErrno that wasn't translated to an EINTR,
 	// restart the syscall that was interrupted. If there's a saved signal
 	// mask, restore it. (Note that restoring the saved signal mask may unblock
@@ -168,12 +211,22 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 	// Apply restartable sequences.
 	if t.rseqPreempted {
 		t.rseqPreempted = false
-		if t.rseqCPUAddr != 0 {
+		if t.rseqAddr != 0 || t.oldRSeqCPUAddr != 0 {
+			// Linux writes the CPU on every preemption. We only do
+			// so if it changed. Thus we may delay delivery of
+			// SIGSEGV if rseqAddr/oldRSeqCPUAddr is invalid.
 			cpu := int32(hostcpu.GetCPU())
 			if t.rseqCPU != cpu {
 				t.rseqCPU = cpu
 				if err := t.rseqCopyOutCPU(); err != nil {
-					t.Warningf("Failed to copy CPU to %#x for RSEQ: %v", t.rseqCPUAddr, err)
+					t.Debugf("Failed to copy CPU to %#x for rseq: %v", t.rseqAddr, err)
+					t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false)
+					t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
+					// Re-enter the task run loop for signal delivery.
+					return (*runApp)(nil)
+				}
+				if err := t.oldRSeqCopyOutCPU(); err != nil {
+					t.Debugf("Failed to copy CPU to %#x for old rseq: %v", t.oldRSeqCPUAddr, err)
 					t.forceSignal(linux.SIGSEGV, false)
 					t.SendSignal(SignalInfoPriv(linux.SIGSEGV))
 					// Re-enter the task run loop for signal delivery.
@@ -205,9 +258,11 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 		t.tg.pidns.owner.mu.RUnlock()
 	}
 
+	region := trace.StartRegion(t.traceContext, runRegion)
 	t.accountTaskGoroutineEnter(TaskGoroutineRunningApp)
-	info, at, err := t.p.Switch(t.MemoryManager().AddressSpace(), t.Arch(), t.rseqCPU)
+	info, at, err := t.p.Switch(t, t.MemoryManager(), t.Arch(), t.rseqCPU)
 	t.accountTaskGoroutineLeave(TaskGoroutineRunningApp)
+	region.End()
 
 	if clearSinglestep {
 		t.Arch().ClearSingleStep()
@@ -224,15 +279,7 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 		return (*runApp)(nil)
 
 	case platform.ErrContextSignalCPUID:
-		// Is this a CPUID instruction?
-		expected := arch.CPUIDInstruction[:]
-		found := make([]byte, len(expected))
-		_, err := t.CopyIn(usermem.Addr(t.Arch().IP()), &found)
-		if err == nil && bytes.Equal(expected, found) {
-			// Skip the cpuid instruction.
-			t.Arch().CPUIDEmulate(t)
-			t.Arch().SetIP(t.Arch().IP() + uintptr(len(expected)))
-
+		if err := app.handleCPUIDInstruction(t); err == nil {
 			// Resume execution.
 			return (*runApp)(nil)
 		}
@@ -251,8 +298,10 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 		// an application-generated signal and we should continue execution
 		// normally.
 		if at.Any() {
+			region := trace.StartRegion(t.traceContext, faultRegion)
 			addr := usermem.Addr(info.Addr())
 			err := t.MemoryManager().HandleUserFault(t, addr, at, usermem.Addr(t.Arch().Stack()))
+			region.End()
 			if err == nil {
 				// The fault was handled appropriately.
 				// We can resume running the application.
@@ -260,6 +309,12 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 			}
 
 			// Is this a vsyscall that we need emulate?
+			//
+			// Note that we don't track vsyscalls as part of a
+			// specific trace region. This is because regions don't
+			// stack, and the actual system call will count as a
+			// region. We should be able to easily identify
+			// vsyscalls by having a <fault><syscall> pair.
 			if at.Execute {
 				if sysno, ok := t.tc.st.LookupEmulate(addr); ok {
 					return t.doVsyscall(addr, sysno)
@@ -306,7 +361,7 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 		return (*runApp)(nil)
 
 	case platform.ErrContextCPUPreempted:
-		// Ensure that RSEQ critical sections are interrupted and per-thread
+		// Ensure that rseq critical sections are interrupted and per-thread
 		// CPU values are updated before the next platform.Context.Switch().
 		t.rseqPreempted = true
 		return (*runApp)(nil)
@@ -314,7 +369,7 @@ func (*runApp) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 	default:
 		// What happened? Can't continue.
 		t.Warningf("Unexpected SwitchToApp error: %v", err)
-		t.PrepareExit(ExitStatus{Code: t.ExtractErrno(err, -1)})
+		t.PrepareExit(ExitStatus{Code: ExtractErrno(err, -1)})
 		return (*runExit)(nil)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_sched.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_sched.go
index 8b148db35..09366b60c 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_sched.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_sched.go
@@ -653,14 +653,14 @@ func (t *Task) SetNiceness(n int) {
 }
 
 // NumaPolicy returns t's current numa policy.
-func (t *Task) NumaPolicy() (policy int32, nodeMask uint64) {
+func (t *Task) NumaPolicy() (policy linux.NumaPolicy, nodeMask uint64) {
 	t.mu.Lock()
 	defer t.mu.Unlock()
 	return t.numaPolicy, t.numaNodeMask
 }
 
 // SetNumaPolicy sets t's numa policy.
-func (t *Task) SetNumaPolicy(policy int32, nodeMask uint64) {
+func (t *Task) SetNumaPolicy(policy linux.NumaPolicy, nodeMask uint64) {
 	t.mu.Lock()
 	defer t.mu.Unlock()
 	t.numaPolicy = policy
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_signals.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_signals.go
index 39cd1340d..cff2a8365 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_signals.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_signals.go
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
 	ucspb "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/uncaught_signal_go_proto"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func (t *Task) deliverSignal(info *arch.SignalInfo, act arch.SignalAct) taskRunS
 					fallthrough
 				case (sre == ERESTARTSYS && !act.IsRestart()):
 					t.Debugf("Not restarting syscall %d after errno %d: interrupted by signal %d", t.Arch().SyscallNo(), sre, info.Signo)
-					t.Arch().SetReturn(uintptr(-t.ExtractErrno(syserror.EINTR, -1)))
+					t.Arch().SetReturn(uintptr(-ExtractErrno(syserror.EINTR, -1)))
 				default:
 					t.Debugf("Restarting syscall %d after errno %d: interrupted by signal %d", t.Arch().SyscallNo(), sre, info.Signo)
 					t.Arch().RestartSyscall()
@@ -255,17 +255,32 @@ func (t *Task) deliverSignalToHandler(info *arch.SignalInfo, act arch.SignalAct)
 		}
 	}
 
+	mm := t.MemoryManager()
 	// Set up the signal handler. If we have a saved signal mask, the signal
 	// handler should run with the current mask, but sigreturn should restore
 	// the saved one.
-	st := &arch.Stack{t.Arch(), t.MemoryManager(), sp}
+	st := &arch.Stack{t.Arch(), mm, sp}
 	mask := t.signalMask
 	if t.haveSavedSignalMask {
 		mask = t.savedSignalMask
 	}
+
+	// Set up the restorer.
+	// x86-64 should always uses SA_RESTORER, but this flag is optional on other platforms.
+	// Please see the linux code as reference:
+	// linux/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:__setup_rt_frame()
+	// If SA_RESTORER is not configured, we can use the sigreturn trampolines
+	// the vdso provides instead.
+	// Please see the linux code as reference:
+	// linux/arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c:setup_return()
+	if act.Flags&linux.SA_RESTORER == 0 {
+		act.Restorer = mm.VDSOSigReturn()
+	}
+
 	if err := t.Arch().SignalSetup(st, &act, info, &alt, mask); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	t.p.FullStateChanged()
 	t.haveSavedSignalMask = false
 
 	// Add our signal mask.
@@ -297,6 +312,7 @@ func (t *Task) SignalReturn(rt bool) (*SyscallControl, error) {
 
 	// Restore our signal mask. SIGKILL and SIGSTOP should not be blocked.
 	t.SetSignalMask(sigset &^ UnblockableSignals)
+	t.p.FullStateChanged()
 
 	return ctrlResume, nil
 }
@@ -513,8 +529,6 @@ func (t *Task) canReceiveSignalLocked(sig linux.Signal) bool {
 	if t.stop != nil {
 		return false
 	}
-	// - TODO(b/38173783): No special case for when t is also the sending task,
-	// because the identity of the sender is unknown.
 	// - Do not choose tasks that have already been interrupted, as they may be
 	// busy handling another signal.
 	if len(t.interruptChan) != 0 {
@@ -625,6 +639,7 @@ func (t *Task) SetSavedSignalMask(mask linux.SignalSet) {
 
 // SignalStack returns the task-private signal stack.
 func (t *Task) SignalStack() arch.SignalStack {
+	t.p.PullFullState(t.MemoryManager().AddressSpace(), t.Arch())
 	alt := t.signalStack
 	if t.onSignalStack(alt) {
 		alt.Flags |= arch.SignalStackFlagOnStack
@@ -705,7 +720,7 @@ func (tg *ThreadGroup) SetSignalAct(sig linux.Signal, actptr *arch.SignalAct) (a
 func (t *Task) CopyOutSignalAct(addr usermem.Addr, s *arch.SignalAct) error {
 	n := t.Arch().NewSignalAct()
 	n.SerializeFrom(s)
-	_, err := t.CopyOut(addr, n)
+	_, err := n.CopyOut(t, addr)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -714,7 +729,7 @@ func (t *Task) CopyOutSignalAct(addr usermem.Addr, s *arch.SignalAct) error {
 func (t *Task) CopyInSignalAct(addr usermem.Addr) (arch.SignalAct, error) {
 	n := t.Arch().NewSignalAct()
 	var s arch.SignalAct
-	if _, err := t.CopyIn(addr, n); err != nil {
+	if _, err := n.CopyIn(t, addr); err != nil {
 		return s, err
 	}
 	n.DeserializeTo(&s)
@@ -726,7 +741,7 @@ func (t *Task) CopyInSignalAct(addr usermem.Addr) (arch.SignalAct, error) {
 func (t *Task) CopyOutSignalStack(addr usermem.Addr, s *arch.SignalStack) error {
 	n := t.Arch().NewSignalStack()
 	n.SerializeFrom(s)
-	_, err := t.CopyOut(addr, n)
+	_, err := n.CopyOut(t, addr)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -735,7 +750,7 @@ func (t *Task) CopyOutSignalStack(addr usermem.Addr, s *arch.SignalStack) error
 func (t *Task) CopyInSignalStack(addr usermem.Addr) (arch.SignalStack, error) {
 	n := t.Arch().NewSignalStack()
 	var s arch.SignalStack
-	if _, err := t.CopyIn(addr, n); err != nil {
+	if _, err := n.CopyIn(t, addr); err != nil {
 		return s, err
 	}
 	n.DeserializeTo(&s)
@@ -1039,6 +1054,8 @@ func (*runInterrupt) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 
 	// Are there signals pending?
 	if info := t.dequeueSignalLocked(t.signalMask); info != nil {
+		t.p.PullFullState(t.MemoryManager().AddressSpace(), t.Arch())
+
 		if linux.SignalSetOf(linux.Signal(info.Signo))&StopSignals != 0 {
 			// Indicate that we've dequeued a stop signal before unlocking the
 			// signal mutex; initiateGroupStop will check for races with
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_start.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_start.go
index ae6fc4025..64c1e120a 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_start.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_start.go
@@ -17,11 +17,14 @@ package kernel
 import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/inet"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/sched"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // TaskConfig defines the configuration of a new Task (see below).
@@ -63,9 +66,8 @@ type TaskConfig struct {
 	// Niceness is the niceness of the new task.
 	Niceness int
 
-	// If NetworkNamespaced is true, the new task should observe a non-root
-	// network namespace.
-	NetworkNamespaced bool
+	// NetworkNamespace is the network namespace to be used for the new task.
+	NetworkNamespace *inet.Namespace
 
 	// AllowedCPUMask contains the cpus that this task can run on.
 	AllowedCPUMask sched.CPUSet
@@ -79,6 +81,16 @@ type TaskConfig struct {
 	// AbstractSocketNamespace is the AbstractSocketNamespace of the new task.
 	AbstractSocketNamespace *AbstractSocketNamespace
 
+	// MountNamespaceVFS2 is the MountNamespace of the new task.
+	MountNamespaceVFS2 *vfs.MountNamespace
+
+	// RSeqAddr is a pointer to the the userspace linux.RSeq structure.
+	RSeqAddr usermem.Addr
+
+	// RSeqSignature is the signature that the rseq abort IP must be signed
+	// with.
+	RSeqSignature uint32
+
 	// ContainerID is the container the new task belongs to.
 	ContainerID string
 }
@@ -90,8 +102,11 @@ func (ts *TaskSet) NewTask(cfg *TaskConfig) (*Task, error) {
 	t, err := ts.newTask(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		cfg.TaskContext.release()
-		cfg.FSContext.DecRef()
-		cfg.FDTable.DecRef()
+		cfg.FSContext.DecRef(t)
+		cfg.FDTable.DecRef(t)
+		if cfg.MountNamespaceVFS2 != nil {
+			cfg.MountNamespaceVFS2.DecRef(t)
+		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return t, nil
@@ -108,26 +123,29 @@ func (ts *TaskSet) newTask(cfg *TaskConfig) (*Task, error) {
 			parent:   cfg.Parent,
 			children: make(map[*Task]struct{}),
 		},
-		runState:        (*runApp)(nil),
-		interruptChan:   make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		signalMask:      cfg.SignalMask,
-		signalStack:     arch.SignalStack{Flags: arch.SignalStackFlagDisable},
-		tc:              *tc,
-		fsContext:       cfg.FSContext,
-		fdTable:         cfg.FDTable,
-		p:               cfg.Kernel.Platform.NewContext(),
-		k:               cfg.Kernel,
-		ptraceTracees:   make(map[*Task]struct{}),
-		allowedCPUMask:  cfg.AllowedCPUMask.Copy(),
-		ioUsage:         &usage.IO{},
-		niceness:        cfg.Niceness,
-		netns:           cfg.NetworkNamespaced,
-		utsns:           cfg.UTSNamespace,
-		ipcns:           cfg.IPCNamespace,
-		abstractSockets: cfg.AbstractSocketNamespace,
-		rseqCPU:         -1,
-		futexWaiter:     futex.NewWaiter(),
-		containerID:     cfg.ContainerID,
+		runState:           (*runApp)(nil),
+		interruptChan:      make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		signalMask:         cfg.SignalMask,
+		signalStack:        arch.SignalStack{Flags: arch.SignalStackFlagDisable},
+		tc:                 *tc,
+		fsContext:          cfg.FSContext,
+		fdTable:            cfg.FDTable,
+		p:                  cfg.Kernel.Platform.NewContext(),
+		k:                  cfg.Kernel,
+		ptraceTracees:      make(map[*Task]struct{}),
+		allowedCPUMask:     cfg.AllowedCPUMask.Copy(),
+		ioUsage:            &usage.IO{},
+		niceness:           cfg.Niceness,
+		netns:              cfg.NetworkNamespace,
+		utsns:              cfg.UTSNamespace,
+		ipcns:              cfg.IPCNamespace,
+		abstractSockets:    cfg.AbstractSocketNamespace,
+		mountNamespaceVFS2: cfg.MountNamespaceVFS2,
+		rseqCPU:            -1,
+		rseqAddr:           cfg.RSeqAddr,
+		rseqSignature:      cfg.RSeqSignature,
+		futexWaiter:        futex.NewWaiter(),
+		containerID:        cfg.ContainerID,
 	}
 	t.creds.Store(cfg.Credentials)
 	t.endStopCond.L = &t.tg.signalHandlers.mu
@@ -154,10 +172,10 @@ func (ts *TaskSet) newTask(cfg *TaskConfig) (*Task, error) {
 	// Below this point, newTask is expected not to fail (there is no rollback
 	// of assignTIDsLocked or any of the following).
 
-	// Logging on t's behalf will panic if t.logPrefix hasn't been initialized.
-	// This is the earliest point at which we can do so (since t now has thread
-	// IDs).
-	t.updateLogPrefixLocked()
+	// Logging on t's behalf will panic if t.logPrefix hasn't been
+	// initialized. This is the earliest point at which we can do so
+	// (since t now has thread IDs).
+	t.updateInfoLocked()
 
 	if cfg.InheritParent != nil {
 		t.parent = cfg.InheritParent.parent
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_stop.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_stop.go
index 10c6e455c..296735d32 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_stop.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_stop.go
@@ -205,6 +205,22 @@ func (ts *TaskSet) BeginExternalStop() {
 	}
 }
 
+// PullFullState receives full states for all tasks.
+func (ts *TaskSet) PullFullState() {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	if ts.Root == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for t := range ts.Root.tids {
+		t.Activate()
+		if mm := t.MemoryManager(); mm != nil {
+			t.p.PullFullState(t.MemoryManager().AddressSpace(), t.Arch())
+		}
+		t.Deactivate()
+	}
+}
+
 // EndExternalStop indicates the end of an external stop started by a previous
 // call to TaskSet.BeginExternalStop. EndExternalStop does not wait for task
 // goroutines to resume.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_syscall.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_syscall.go
index b543d536a..a5903b0b5 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_syscall.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_syscall.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package kernel
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"runtime/trace"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/metric"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/memmap"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // SyscallRestartErrno represents a ERESTART* errno defined in the Linux's kernel
@@ -160,6 +161,10 @@ func (t *Task) executeSyscall(sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments) (rval u
 		ctrl = ctrlStopAndReinvokeSyscall
 	} else {
 		fn := s.Lookup(sysno)
+		var region *trace.Region // Only non-nil if tracing == true.
+		if trace.IsEnabled() {
+			region = trace.StartRegion(t.traceContext, s.LookupName(sysno))
+		}
 		if fn != nil {
 			// Call our syscall implementation.
 			rval, ctrl, err = fn(t, args)
@@ -167,6 +172,9 @@ func (t *Task) executeSyscall(sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments) (rval u
 			// Use the missing function if not found.
 			rval, err = t.SyscallTable().Missing(t, sysno, args)
 		}
+		if region != nil {
+			region.End()
+		}
 	}
 
 	if bits.IsOn32(fe, ExternalAfterEnable) && (s.ExternalFilterAfter == nil || s.ExternalFilterAfter(t, sysno, args)) {
@@ -186,6 +194,19 @@ func (t *Task) executeSyscall(sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments) (rval u
 //
 // The syscall path is very hot; avoid defer.
 func (t *Task) doSyscall() taskRunState {
+	// Save value of the register which is clobbered in the following
+	// t.Arch().SetReturn(-ENOSYS) operation. This is dedicated to arm64.
+	//
+	// On x86, register rax was shared by syscall number and return
+	// value, and at the entry of the syscall handler, the rax was
+	// saved to regs.orig_rax which was exposed to userspace.
+	// But on arm64, syscall number was passed through X8, and the X0
+	// was shared by the first syscall argument and return value. The
+	// X0 was saved to regs.orig_x0 which was not exposed to userspace.
+	// So we have to do the same operation here to save the X0 value
+	// into the task context.
+	t.Arch().SyscallSaveOrig()
+
 	sysno := t.Arch().SyscallNo()
 	args := t.Arch().SyscallArgs()
 
@@ -261,6 +282,7 @@ func (*runSyscallAfterSyscallEnterStop) execute(t *Task) taskRunState {
 		return (*runSyscallExit)(nil)
 	}
 	args := t.Arch().SyscallArgs()
+
 	return t.doSyscallInvoke(sysno, args)
 }
 
@@ -290,7 +312,7 @@ func (t *Task) doSyscallInvoke(sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments) taskRu
 			return ctrl.next
 		}
 	} else if err != nil {
-		t.Arch().SetReturn(uintptr(-t.ExtractErrno(err, int(sysno))))
+		t.Arch().SetReturn(uintptr(-ExtractErrno(err, int(sysno))))
 		t.haveSyscallReturn = true
 	} else {
 		t.Arch().SetReturn(rval)
@@ -409,7 +431,7 @@ func (t *Task) doVsyscallInvoke(sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments, calle
 			// A return is not emulated in this case.
 			return (*runApp)(nil)
 		}
-		t.Arch().SetReturn(uintptr(-t.ExtractErrno(err, int(sysno))))
+		t.Arch().SetReturn(uintptr(-ExtractErrno(err, int(sysno))))
 	}
 	t.Arch().SetIP(t.Arch().Value(caller))
 	t.Arch().SetStack(t.Arch().Stack() + uintptr(t.Arch().Width()))
@@ -419,7 +441,7 @@ func (t *Task) doVsyscallInvoke(sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments, calle
 // ExtractErrno extracts an integer error number from the error.
 // The syscall number is purely for context in the error case. Use -1 if
 // syscall number is unknown.
-func (t *Task) ExtractErrno(err error, sysno int) int {
+func ExtractErrno(err error, sysno int) int {
 	switch err := err.(type) {
 	case nil:
 		return 0
@@ -433,11 +455,11 @@ func (t *Task) ExtractErrno(err error, sysno int) int {
 		// handled (and the SIGBUS is delivered).
 		return int(syscall.EFAULT)
 	case *os.PathError:
-		return t.ExtractErrno(err.Err, sysno)
+		return ExtractErrno(err.Err, sysno)
 	case *os.LinkError:
-		return t.ExtractErrno(err.Err, sysno)
+		return ExtractErrno(err.Err, sysno)
 	case *os.SyscallError:
-		return t.ExtractErrno(err.Err, sysno)
+		return ExtractErrno(err.Err, sysno)
 	default:
 		if errno, ok := syserror.TranslateError(err); ok {
 			return int(errno)
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_usermem.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_usermem.go
index 518bfe1bd..b02044ad2 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_usermem.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_usermem.go
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"math"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // MAX_RW_COUNT is the maximum size in bytes of a single read or write.
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ var MAX_RW_COUNT = int(usermem.Addr(math.MaxInt32).RoundDown())
 // Activate ensures that the task has an active address space.
 func (t *Task) Activate() {
 	if mm := t.MemoryManager(); mm != nil {
-		if err := mm.Activate(); err != nil {
+		if err := mm.Activate(t); err != nil {
 			panic("unable to activate mm: " + err.Error())
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_work.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_work.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dda5a433a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/task_work.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package kernel
+
+import "sync/atomic"
+
+// TaskWorker is a deferred task.
+//
+// This must be savable.
+type TaskWorker interface {
+	// TaskWork will be executed prior to returning to user space. Note that
+	// TaskWork may call RegisterWork again, but this will not be executed until
+	// the next return to user space, unlike in Linux. This effectively allows
+	// registration of indefinite user return hooks, but not by default.
+	TaskWork(t *Task)
+}
+
+// RegisterWork can be used to register additional task work that will be
+// performed prior to returning to user space. See TaskWorker.TaskWork for
+// semantics regarding registration.
+func (t *Task) RegisterWork(work TaskWorker) {
+	t.taskWorkMu.Lock()
+	defer t.taskWorkMu.Unlock()
+	atomic.AddInt32(&t.taskWorkCount, 1)
+	t.taskWork = append(t.taskWork, work)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/thread_group.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/thread_group.go
index 72568d296..0b34c0099 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/thread_group.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/thread_group.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	ktime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/limits"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 )
 
@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ type ThreadGroup struct {
 	// execed is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
 	execed bool
 
-	// rscr is the thread group's RSEQ critical region.
-	rscr atomic.Value `state:".(*RSEQCriticalRegion)"`
+	// oldRSeqCritical is the thread group's old rseq critical region.
+	oldRSeqCritical atomic.Value `state:".(*OldRSeqCriticalRegion)"`
 
 	// mounts is the thread group's mount namespace. This does not really
 	// correspond to a "mount namespace" in Linux, but is more like a
@@ -254,37 +254,44 @@ type ThreadGroup struct {
 	//
 	// tty is protected by the signal mutex.
 	tty *TTY
+
+	// oomScoreAdj is the thread group's OOM score adjustment. This is
+	// currently not used but is maintained for consistency.
+	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1967)
+	//
+	// oomScoreAdj is accessed using atomic memory operations.
+	oomScoreAdj int32
 }
 
-// newThreadGroup returns a new, empty thread group in PID namespace ns. The
+// NewThreadGroup returns a new, empty thread group in PID namespace pidns. The
 // thread group leader will send its parent terminationSignal when it exits.
 // The new thread group isn't visible to the system until a task has been
 // created inside of it by a successful call to TaskSet.NewTask.
-func (k *Kernel) newThreadGroup(mounts *fs.MountNamespace, ns *PIDNamespace, sh *SignalHandlers, terminationSignal linux.Signal, limits *limits.LimitSet, monotonicClock *timekeeperClock) *ThreadGroup {
+func (k *Kernel) NewThreadGroup(mntns *fs.MountNamespace, pidns *PIDNamespace, sh *SignalHandlers, terminationSignal linux.Signal, limits *limits.LimitSet) *ThreadGroup {
 	tg := &ThreadGroup{
 		threadGroupNode: threadGroupNode{
-			pidns: ns,
+			pidns: pidns,
 		},
 		signalHandlers:    sh,
 		terminationSignal: terminationSignal,
 		ioUsage:           &usage.IO{},
 		limits:            limits,
-		mounts:            mounts,
+		mounts:            mntns,
 	}
 	tg.itimerRealTimer = ktime.NewTimer(k.monotonicClock, &itimerRealListener{tg: tg})
 	tg.timers = make(map[linux.TimerID]*IntervalTimer)
-	tg.rscr.Store(&RSEQCriticalRegion{})
+	tg.oldRSeqCritical.Store(&OldRSeqCriticalRegion{})
 	return tg
 }
 
-// saveRscr is invoked by stateify.
-func (tg *ThreadGroup) saveRscr() *RSEQCriticalRegion {
-	return tg.rscr.Load().(*RSEQCriticalRegion)
+// saveOldRSeqCritical is invoked by stateify.
+func (tg *ThreadGroup) saveOldRSeqCritical() *OldRSeqCriticalRegion {
+	return tg.oldRSeqCritical.Load().(*OldRSeqCriticalRegion)
 }
 
-// loadRscr is invoked by stateify.
-func (tg *ThreadGroup) loadRscr(rscr *RSEQCriticalRegion) {
-	tg.rscr.Store(rscr)
+// loadOldRSeqCritical is invoked by stateify.
+func (tg *ThreadGroup) loadOldRSeqCritical(r *OldRSeqCriticalRegion) {
+	tg.oldRSeqCritical.Store(r)
 }
 
 // SignalHandlers returns the signal handlers used by tg.
@@ -301,7 +308,7 @@ func (tg *ThreadGroup) Limits() *limits.LimitSet {
 }
 
 // release releases the thread group's resources.
-func (tg *ThreadGroup) release() {
+func (tg *ThreadGroup) release(t *Task) {
 	// Timers must be destroyed without holding the TaskSet or signal mutexes
 	// since timers send signals with Timer.mu locked.
 	tg.itimerRealTimer.Destroy()
@@ -317,7 +324,9 @@ func (tg *ThreadGroup) release() {
 	for _, it := range its {
 		it.DestroyTimer()
 	}
-	tg.mounts.DecRef()
+	if tg.mounts != nil {
+		tg.mounts.DecRef(t)
+	}
 }
 
 // forEachChildThreadGroupLocked indicates over all child ThreadGroups.
@@ -357,7 +366,8 @@ func (tg *ThreadGroup) SetControllingTTY(tty *TTY, arg int32) error {
 	// terminal is stolen, and all processes that had it as controlling
 	// terminal lose it." - tty_ioctl(4)
 	if tty.tg != nil && tg.processGroup.session != tty.tg.processGroup.session {
-		if !auth.CredentialsFromContext(tg.leader).HasCapability(linux.CAP_SYS_ADMIN) || arg != 1 {
+		// Stealing requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the root user namespace.
+		if creds := auth.CredentialsFromContext(tg.leader); !creds.HasCapabilityIn(linux.CAP_SYS_ADMIN, creds.UserNamespace.Root()) || arg != 1 {
 			return syserror.EPERM
 		}
 		// Steal the TTY away. Unlike TIOCNOTTY, don't send signals.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/threads.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/threads.go
index 8267929a6..872e1a82d 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/threads.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/threads.go
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
 
@@ -87,6 +87,13 @@ type TaskSet struct {
 	// at time of save (but note that this is not necessarily the same thing as
 	// sync.WaitGroup's zero value).
 	runningGoroutines sync.WaitGroup `state:"nosave"`
+
+	// aioGoroutines is the number of goroutines running async I/O
+	// callbacks.
+	//
+	// aioGoroutines is not saved but is required to be zero at the time of
+	// save.
+	aioGoroutines sync.WaitGroup `state:"nosave"`
 }
 
 // newTaskSet returns a new, empty TaskSet.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/BUILD b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/BUILD
index 31847e1df..2817aa3ba 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/BUILD
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/BUILD
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-load("//tools/go_stateify:defs.bzl", "go_library")
+load("//tools:defs.bzl", "go_library")
 
 package(licenses = ["notice"])
 
@@ -6,13 +6,14 @@ go_library(
     name = "time",
     srcs = [
         "context.go",
+        "tcpip.go",
         "time.go",
     ],
-    importpath = "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time",
     visibility = ["//pkg/sentry:internal"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/abi/linux",
-        "//pkg/sentry/context",
+        "//pkg/context",
+        "//pkg/sync",
         "//pkg/syserror",
         "//pkg/waiter",
     ],
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/context.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/context.go
index 8ef483dd3..00b729d88 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/context.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/context.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 package time
 
 import (
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 )
 
 // contextID is the time package's type for context.Context.Value keys.
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/tcpip.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/tcpip.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4474c0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/tcpip.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package time
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TcpipAfterFunc waits for duration to elapse according to clock then runs fn.
+// The timer is started immediately and will fire exactly once.
+func TcpipAfterFunc(clock Clock, duration time.Duration, fn func()) *TcpipTimer {
+	timer := &TcpipTimer{
+		clock: clock,
+	}
+	timer.notifier = functionNotifier{
+		fn: func() {
+			// tcpip.Timer.Stop() explicitly states that the function is called in a
+			// separate goroutine that Stop() does not synchronize with.
+			// Timer.Destroy() synchronizes with calls to TimerListener.Notify().
+			// This is semantically meaningful because, in the former case, it's
+			// legal to call tcpip.Timer.Stop() while holding locks that may also be
+			// taken by the function, but this isn't so in the latter case. Most
+			// immediately, Timer calls TimerListener.Notify() while holding
+			// Timer.mu. A deadlock occurs without spawning a goroutine:
+			//   T1: (Timer expires)
+			//     => Timer.Tick()           <- Timer.mu.Lock() called
+			//     => TimerListener.Notify()
+			//     => Timer.Stop()
+			//     => Timer.Destroy()        <- Timer.mu.Lock() called, deadlock!
+			//
+			// Spawning a goroutine avoids the deadlock:
+			//   T1: (Timer expires)
+			//     => Timer.Tick()           <- Timer.mu.Lock() called
+			//     => TimerListener.Notify() <- Launches T2
+			//   T2:
+			//     => Timer.Stop()
+			//     => Timer.Destroy()        <- Timer.mu.Lock() called, blocks
+			//   T1:
+			//     => (returns)              <- Timer.mu.Unlock() called
+			//   T2:
+			//     => (continues)            <- No deadlock!
+			go func() {
+				timer.Stop()
+				fn()
+			}()
+		},
+	}
+	timer.Reset(duration)
+	return timer
+}
+
+// TcpipTimer is a resettable timer with variable duration expirations.
+// Implements tcpip.Timer, which does not define a Destroy method; instead, all
+// resources are released after timer expiration and calls to Timer.Stop.
+//
+// Must be created by AfterFunc.
+type TcpipTimer struct {
+	// clock is the time source. clock is immutable.
+	clock Clock
+
+	// notifier is called when the Timer expires. notifier is immutable.
+	notifier functionNotifier
+
+	// mu protects t.
+	mu sync.Mutex
+
+	// t stores the latest running Timer. This is replaced whenever Reset is
+	// called since Timer cannot be restarted once it has been Destroyed by Stop.
+	//
+	// This field is nil iff Stop has been called.
+	t *Timer
+}
+
+// Stop implements tcpip.Timer.Stop.
+func (r *TcpipTimer) Stop() bool {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if r.t == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, lastSetting := r.t.Swap(Setting{})
+	r.t.Destroy()
+	r.t = nil
+	return lastSetting.Enabled
+}
+
+// Reset implements tcpip.Timer.Reset.
+func (r *TcpipTimer) Reset(d time.Duration) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if r.t == nil {
+		r.t = NewTimer(r.clock, &r.notifier)
+	}
+
+	r.t.Swap(Setting{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Period:  0,
+		Next:    r.clock.Now().Add(d),
+	})
+}
+
+// functionNotifier is a TimerListener that runs a function.
+//
+// functionNotifier cannot be saved or loaded.
+type functionNotifier struct {
+	fn func()
+}
+
+// Notify implements ktime.TimerListener.Notify.
+func (f *functionNotifier) Notify(uint64, Setting) (Setting, bool) {
+	f.fn()
+	return Setting{}, false
+}
+
+// Destroy implements ktime.TimerListener.Destroy.
+func (f *functionNotifier) Destroy() {}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/time.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/time.go
index 107394183..e959700f2 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/time.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/time/time.go
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ package time
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 )
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ type Clock interface {
 type WallRateClock struct{}
 
 // WallTimeUntil implements Clock.WallTimeUntil.
-func (WallRateClock) WallTimeUntil(t, now Time) time.Duration {
+func (*WallRateClock) WallTimeUntil(t, now Time) time.Duration {
 	return t.Sub(now)
 }
 
@@ -254,16 +254,16 @@ func (WallRateClock) WallTimeUntil(t, now Time) time.Duration {
 type NoClockEvents struct{}
 
 // Readiness implements waiter.Waitable.Readiness.
-func (NoClockEvents) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
+func (*NoClockEvents) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
 	return 0
 }
 
 // EventRegister implements waiter.Waitable.EventRegister.
-func (NoClockEvents) EventRegister(e *waiter.Entry, mask waiter.EventMask) {
+func (*NoClockEvents) EventRegister(e *waiter.Entry, mask waiter.EventMask) {
 }
 
 // EventUnregister implements waiter.Waitable.EventUnregister.
-func (NoClockEvents) EventUnregister(e *waiter.Entry) {
+func (*NoClockEvents) EventUnregister(e *waiter.Entry) {
 }
 
 // ClockEventsQueue implements waiter.Waitable by wrapping waiter.Queue and
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ type ClockEventsQueue struct {
 }
 
 // Readiness implements waiter.Waitable.Readiness.
-func (ClockEventsQueue) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
+func (*ClockEventsQueue) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
 	return 0
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper.go
index 76417342a..7c4fefb16 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper.go
@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@ package kernel
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/log"
 	ktime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/memmap"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/pgalloc"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/platform"
 	sentrytime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/time"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 // Timekeeper manages all of the kernel clocks.
@@ -48,6 +49,9 @@ type Timekeeper struct {
 	// It is set only once, by SetClocks.
 	monotonicOffset int64 `state:"nosave"`
 
+	// monotonicLowerBound is the lowerBound for monotonic time.
+	monotonicLowerBound int64 `state:"nosave"`
+
 	// restored, if non-nil, indicates that this Timekeeper was restored
 	// from a state file. The clocks are not set until restored is closed.
 	restored chan struct{} `state:"nosave"`
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ type Timekeeper struct {
 // NewTimekeeper does not take ownership of paramPage.
 //
 // SetClocks must be called on the returned Timekeeper before it is usable.
-func NewTimekeeper(mfp pgalloc.MemoryFileProvider, paramPage platform.FileRange) (*Timekeeper, error) {
+func NewTimekeeper(mfp pgalloc.MemoryFileProvider, paramPage memmap.FileRange) (*Timekeeper, error) {
 	return &Timekeeper{
 		params: NewVDSOParamPage(mfp, paramPage),
 	}, nil
@@ -182,6 +186,7 @@ func (t *Timekeeper) startUpdater() {
 	timer := time.NewTicker(sentrytime.ApproxUpdateInterval)
 	t.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() { // S/R-SAFE: stopped during save.
+		defer t.wg.Done()
 		for {
 			// Start with an update immediately, so the clocks are
 			// ready ASAP.
@@ -205,9 +210,6 @@ func (t *Timekeeper) startUpdater() {
 					p.realtimeBaseRef = int64(realtimeParams.BaseRef)
 					p.realtimeFrequency = realtimeParams.Frequency
 				}
-
-				log.Debugf("Updating VDSO parameters: %+v", p)
-
 				return p
 			}); err != nil {
 				log.Warningf("Unable to update VDSO parameter page: %v", err)
@@ -216,7 +218,6 @@ func (t *Timekeeper) startUpdater() {
 			select {
 			case <-timer.C:
 			case <-t.stop:
-				t.wg.Done()
 				return
 			}
 		}
@@ -271,6 +272,21 @@ func (t *Timekeeper) GetTime(c sentrytime.ClockID) (int64, error) {
 	now, err := t.clocks.GetTime(c)
 	if err == nil && c == sentrytime.Monotonic {
 		now += t.monotonicOffset
+		for {
+			// It's possible that the clock is shaky. This may be due to
+			// platform issues, e.g. the KVM platform relies on the guest
+			// TSC and host TSC, which may not be perfectly in sync. To
+			// work around this issue, ensure that the monotonic time is
+			// always bounded by the last time read.
+			oldLowerBound := atomic.LoadInt64(&t.monotonicLowerBound)
+			if now < oldLowerBound {
+				now = oldLowerBound
+				break
+			}
+			if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt64(&t.monotonicLowerBound, oldLowerBound, now) {
+				break
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	return now, err
 }
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper_test.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper_test.go
index 849c5b646..cf2f7ca72 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper_test.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/timekeeper_test.go
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ package kernel
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context/contexttest"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/contexttest"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/pgalloc"
 	sentrytime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/time"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // mockClocks is a sentrytime.Clocks that simply returns the times in the
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/tty.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/tty.go
index 34f84487a..d0e0810e8 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/tty.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/tty.go
@@ -14,15 +14,28 @@
 
 package kernel
 
-import "sync"
+import "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 
 // TTY defines the relationship between a thread group and its controlling
 // terminal.
 //
 // +stateify savable
 type TTY struct {
+	// Index is the terminal index. It is immutable.
+	Index uint32
+
 	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
 
 	// tg is protected by mu.
 	tg *ThreadGroup
 }
+
+// TTY returns the thread group's controlling terminal. If nil, there is no
+// controlling terminal.
+func (tg *ThreadGroup) TTY() *TTY {
+	tg.pidns.owner.mu.RLock()
+	defer tg.pidns.owner.mu.RUnlock()
+	tg.signalHandlers.mu.Lock()
+	defer tg.signalHandlers.mu.Unlock()
+	return tg.tty
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/uts_namespace.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/uts_namespace.go
index 0a563e715..8ccf04bd1 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/uts_namespace.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/uts_namespace.go
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 )
 
 // UTSNamespace represents a UTS namespace, a holder of two system identifiers:
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/vdso.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/vdso.go
index fdd10c56c..290c32466 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/vdso.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/vdso.go
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/binary"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/safemem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/memmap"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/pgalloc"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/platform"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/safemem"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
 )
 
 // vdsoParams are the parameters exposed to the VDSO.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ type vdsoParams struct {
 type VDSOParamPage struct {
 	// The parameter page is fr, allocated from mfp.MemoryFile().
 	mfp pgalloc.MemoryFileProvider
-	fr  platform.FileRange
+	fr  memmap.FileRange
 
 	// seq is the current sequence count written to the page.
 	//
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ type VDSOParamPage struct {
 // * VDSOParamPage must be the only writer to fr.
 //
 // * mfp.MemoryFile().MapInternal(fr) must return a single safemem.Block.
-func NewVDSOParamPage(mfp pgalloc.MemoryFileProvider, fr platform.FileRange) *VDSOParamPage {
+func NewVDSOParamPage(mfp pgalloc.MemoryFileProvider, fr memmap.FileRange) *VDSOParamPage {
 	return &VDSOParamPage{mfp: mfp, fr: fr}
 }