Merge release-20210112.0-25-ge57ebcd37 (automated)

5 files changed, 258 insertions, 290 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go
index b989e14c7..c551acd99 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe.go
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/safemem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserror"
@@ -75,10 +75,18 @@ type Pipe struct {
 	// mu protects all pipe internal state below.
 	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
 
-	// view is the underlying set of buffers.
+	// buf holds the pipe's data. buf is a circular buffer; the first valid
+	// byte in buf is at offset off, and the pipe contains size valid bytes.
+	// bufBlocks contains two identical safemem.Blocks representing buf; this
+	// avoids needing to heap-allocate a new safemem.Block slice when buf is
+	// resized. bufBlockSeq is a safemem.BlockSeq representing bufBlocks.
 	//
-	// This is protected by mu.
-	view buffer.View
+	// These fields are protected by mu.
+	buf         []byte
+	bufBlocks   [2]safemem.Block `state:"nosave"`
+	bufBlockSeq safemem.BlockSeq `state:"nosave"`
+	off         int64
+	size        int64
 
 	// max is the maximum size of the pipe in bytes. When this max has been
 	// reached, writers will get EWOULDBLOCK.
@@ -99,12 +107,6 @@ type Pipe struct {
 //
 // N.B. The size will be bounded.
 func NewPipe(isNamed bool, sizeBytes int64) *Pipe {
-	if sizeBytes < MinimumPipeSize {
-		sizeBytes = MinimumPipeSize
-	}
-	if sizeBytes > MaximumPipeSize {
-		sizeBytes = MaximumPipeSize
-	}
 	var p Pipe
 	initPipe(&p, isNamed, sizeBytes)
 	return &p
@@ -175,75 +177,71 @@ func (p *Pipe) Open(ctx context.Context, d *fs.Dirent, flags fs.FileFlags) *fs.F
 	}
 }
 
-type readOps struct {
-	// left returns the bytes remaining.
-	left func() int64
-
-	// limit limits subsequence reads.
-	limit func(int64)
-
-	// read performs the actual read operation.
-	read func(*buffer.View) (int64, error)
-}
-
-// read reads data from the pipe into dst and returns the number of bytes
-// read, or returns ErrWouldBlock if the pipe is empty.
+// peekLocked passes the first count bytes in the pipe to f and returns its
+// result. If fewer than count bytes are available, the safemem.BlockSeq passed
+// to f will be less than count bytes in length.
 //
-// Precondition: this pipe must have readers.
-func (p *Pipe) read(ctx context.Context, ops readOps) (int64, error) {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-	return p.readLocked(ctx, ops)
-}
-
-func (p *Pipe) readLocked(ctx context.Context, ops readOps) (int64, error) {
+// peekLocked does not mutate the pipe; if the read consumes bytes from the
+// pipe, then the caller is responsible for calling p.consumeLocked() and
+// p.Notify(waiter.EventOut). (The latter must be called with p.mu unlocked.)
+//
+// Preconditions:
+// * p.mu must be locked.
+// * This pipe must have readers.
+func (p *Pipe) peekLocked(count int64, f func(safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error)) (int64, error) {
 	// Don't block for a zero-length read even if the pipe is empty.
-	if ops.left() == 0 {
+	if count == 0 {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 
-	// Is the pipe empty?
-	if p.view.Size() == 0 {
-		if !p.HasWriters() {
-			// There are no writers, return EOF.
-			return 0, io.EOF
+	// Limit the amount of data read to the amount of data in the pipe.
+	if count > p.size {
+		if p.size == 0 {
+			if !p.HasWriters() {
+				return 0, io.EOF
+			}
+			return 0, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
 		}
-		return 0, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
+		count = p.size
 	}
 
-	// Limit how much we consume.
-	if ops.left() > p.view.Size() {
-		ops.limit(p.view.Size())
-	}
+	// Prepare the view of the data to be read.
+	bs := p.bufBlockSeq.DropFirst64(uint64(p.off)).TakeFirst64(uint64(count))
 
-	// Copy user data; the read op is responsible for trimming.
-	done, err := ops.read(&p.view)
-	return done, err
+	// Perform the read.
+	done, err := f(bs)
+	return int64(done), err
 }
 
-type writeOps struct {
-	// left returns the bytes remaining.
-	left func() int64
-
-	// limit should limit subsequent writes.
-	limit func(int64)
-
-	// write should write to the provided buffer.
-	write func(*buffer.View) (int64, error)
-}
-
-// write writes data from sv into the pipe and returns the number of bytes
-// written. If no bytes are written because the pipe is full (or has less than
-// atomicIOBytes free capacity), write returns ErrWouldBlock.
+// consumeLocked consumes the first n bytes in the pipe, such that they will no
+// longer be visible to future reads.
 //
-// Precondition: this pipe must have writers.
-func (p *Pipe) write(ctx context.Context, ops writeOps) (int64, error) {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-	return p.writeLocked(ctx, ops)
+// Preconditions:
+// * p.mu must be locked.
+// * The pipe must contain at least n bytes.
+func (p *Pipe) consumeLocked(n int64) {
+	p.off += n
+	if max := int64(len(p.buf)); p.off >= max {
+		p.off -= max
+	}
+	p.size -= n
 }
 
-func (p *Pipe) writeLocked(ctx context.Context, ops writeOps) (int64, error) {
+// writeLocked passes a safemem.BlockSeq representing the first count bytes of
+// unused space in the pipe to f and returns the result. If fewer than count
+// bytes are free, the safemem.BlockSeq passed to f will be less than count
+// bytes in length. If the pipe is full or otherwise cannot accomodate a write
+// of any number of bytes up to count, writeLocked returns ErrWouldBlock
+// without calling f.
+//
+// Unlike peekLocked, writeLocked assumes that f returns the number of bytes
+// written to the pipe, and increases the number of bytes stored in the pipe
+// accordingly. Callers are still responsible for calling
+// p.Notify(waiter.EventIn) with p.mu unlocked.
+//
+// Preconditions:
+// * p.mu must be locked.
+func (p *Pipe) writeLocked(count int64, f func(safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error)) (int64, error) {
 	// Can't write to a pipe with no readers.
 	if !p.HasReaders() {
 		return 0, syscall.EPIPE
@@ -251,29 +249,59 @@ func (p *Pipe) writeLocked(ctx context.Context, ops writeOps) (int64, error) {
 
 	// POSIX requires that a write smaller than atomicIOBytes (PIPE_BUF) be
 	// atomic, but requires no atomicity for writes larger than this.
-	wanted := ops.left()
-	avail := p.max - p.view.Size()
-	if wanted > avail {
-		if wanted <= atomicIOBytes {
+	avail := p.max - p.size
+	short := false
+	if count > avail {
+		if count <= atomicIOBytes {
 			return 0, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
 		}
-		ops.limit(avail)
+		count = avail
+		short = true
 	}
 
-	// Copy user data.
-	done, err := ops.write(&p.view)
-	if err != nil {
-		return done, err
+	// Ensure that the buffer is big enough.
+	if newLen, oldCap := p.size+count, int64(len(p.buf)); newLen > oldCap {
+		// Allocate a new buffer.
+		newCap := oldCap * 2
+		if oldCap == 0 {
+			newCap = 8 // arbitrary; sending individual integers across pipes is relatively common
+		}
+		for newLen > newCap {
+			newCap *= 2
+		}
+		if newCap > p.max {
+			newCap = p.max
+		}
+		newBuf := make([]byte, newCap)
+		// Copy the old buffer's contents to the beginning of the new one.
+		safemem.CopySeq(
+			safemem.BlockSeqOf(safemem.BlockFromSafeSlice(newBuf)),
+			p.bufBlockSeq.DropFirst64(uint64(p.off)).TakeFirst64(uint64(p.size)))
+		// Switch to the new buffer.
+		p.buf = newBuf
+		p.bufBlocks[0] = safemem.BlockFromSafeSlice(newBuf)
+		p.bufBlocks[1] = p.bufBlocks[0]
+		p.bufBlockSeq = safemem.BlockSeqFromSlice(p.bufBlocks[:])
+		p.off = 0
 	}
 
-	if done < avail {
-		// Non-failure, but short write.
-		return done, nil
+	// Prepare the view of the space to be written.
+	woff := p.off + p.size
+	if woff >= int64(len(p.buf)) {
+		woff -= int64(len(p.buf))
 	}
-	if done < wanted {
-		// Partial write due to full pipe. Note that this could also be
-		// the short write case above, we would expect a second call
-		// and the write to return zero bytes in this case.
+	bs := p.bufBlockSeq.DropFirst64(uint64(woff)).TakeFirst64(uint64(count))
+
+	// Perform the write.
+	doneU64, err := f(bs)
+	done := int64(doneU64)
+	p.size += done
+	if done < count || err != nil {
+		return done, err
+	}
+
+	// If we shortened the write, adjust the returned error appropriately.
+	if short {
 		return done, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
 	}
 
@@ -324,7 +352,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) HasWriters() bool {
 // Precondition: mu must be held.
 func (p *Pipe) rReadinessLocked() waiter.EventMask {
 	ready := waiter.EventMask(0)
-	if p.HasReaders() && p.view.Size() != 0 {
+	if p.HasReaders() && p.size != 0 {
 		ready |= waiter.EventIn
 	}
 	if !p.HasWriters() && p.hadWriter {
@@ -350,7 +378,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) rReadiness() waiter.EventMask {
 // Precondition: mu must be held.
 func (p *Pipe) wReadinessLocked() waiter.EventMask {
 	ready := waiter.EventMask(0)
-	if p.HasWriters() && p.view.Size() < p.max {
+	if p.HasWriters() && p.size < p.max {
 		ready |= waiter.EventOut
 	}
 	if !p.HasReaders() {
@@ -383,7 +411,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) queued() int64 {
 }
 
 func (p *Pipe) queuedLocked() int64 {
-	return p.view.Size()
+	return p.size
 }
 
 // FifoSize implements fs.FifoSizer.FifoSize.
@@ -406,7 +434,7 @@ func (p *Pipe) SetFifoSize(size int64) (int64, error) {
 	}
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-	if size < p.view.Size() {
+	if size < p.size {
 		return 0, syserror.EBUSY
 	}
 	p.max = size
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_state_autogen.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_state_autogen.go
index 3413c8bbb..9cee1f13a 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_state_autogen.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_state_autogen.go
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ func (p *Pipe) StateFields() []string {
 		"isNamed",
 		"readers",
 		"writers",
-		"view",
+		"buf",
+		"off",
+		"size",
 		"max",
 		"hadWriter",
 	}
@@ -54,20 +56,23 @@ func (p *Pipe) StateSave(stateSinkObject state.Sink) {
 	stateSinkObject.Save(0, &p.isNamed)
 	stateSinkObject.Save(1, &p.readers)
 	stateSinkObject.Save(2, &p.writers)
-	stateSinkObject.Save(3, &p.view)
-	stateSinkObject.Save(4, &p.max)
-	stateSinkObject.Save(5, &p.hadWriter)
+	stateSinkObject.Save(3, &p.buf)
+	stateSinkObject.Save(4, &p.off)
+	stateSinkObject.Save(5, &p.size)
+	stateSinkObject.Save(6, &p.max)
+	stateSinkObject.Save(7, &p.hadWriter)
 }
 
-func (p *Pipe) afterLoad() {}
-
 func (p *Pipe) StateLoad(stateSourceObject state.Source) {
 	stateSourceObject.Load(0, &p.isNamed)
 	stateSourceObject.Load(1, &p.readers)
 	stateSourceObject.Load(2, &p.writers)
-	stateSourceObject.Load(3, &p.view)
-	stateSourceObject.Load(4, &p.max)
-	stateSourceObject.Load(5, &p.hadWriter)
+	stateSourceObject.Load(3, &p.buf)
+	stateSourceObject.Load(4, &p.off)
+	stateSourceObject.Load(5, &p.size)
+	stateSourceObject.Load(6, &p.max)
+	stateSourceObject.Load(7, &p.hadWriter)
+	stateSourceObject.AfterLoad(p.afterLoad)
 }
 
 func (r *Reader) StateTypeName() string {
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go
index f665920cb..77246edbe 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/pipe_util.go
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ import (
 
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/amutex"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/marshal/primitive"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/safemem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
@@ -44,46 +44,37 @@ func (p *Pipe) Release(context.Context) {
 
 // Read reads from the Pipe into dst.
 func (p *Pipe) Read(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence) (int64, error) {
-	n, err := p.read(ctx, readOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return dst.NumBytes()
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			dst = dst.TakeFirst64(l)
-		},
-		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := dst.CopyOutFrom(ctx, view)
-			dst = dst.DropFirst64(n)
-			view.TrimFront(n)
-			return n, err
-		},
-	})
+	n, err := dst.CopyOutFrom(ctx, p)
 	if n > 0 {
 		p.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
 	}
 	return n, err
 }
 
+// ReadToBlocks implements safemem.Reader.ReadToBlocks for Pipe.Read.
+func (p *Pipe) ReadToBlocks(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+	n, err := p.read(int64(dsts.NumBytes()), func(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return safemem.CopySeq(dsts, srcs)
+	}, true /* removeFromSrc */)
+	return uint64(n), err
+}
+
+func (p *Pipe) read(count int64, f func(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error), removeFromSrc bool) (int64, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	n, err := p.peekLocked(count, f)
+	if n > 0 && removeFromSrc {
+		p.consumeLocked(n)
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
 // WriteTo writes to w from the Pipe.
 func (p *Pipe) WriteTo(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, count int64, dup bool) (int64, error) {
-	ops := readOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return count
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			count = l
-		},
-		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := view.ReadToWriter(w, count)
-			if !dup {
-				view.TrimFront(n)
-			}
-			count -= n
-			return n, err
-		},
-	}
-	n, err := p.read(ctx, ops)
-	if n > 0 {
+	n, err := p.read(count, func(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return safemem.FromIOWriter{w}.WriteFromBlocks(srcs)
+	}, !dup /* removeFromSrc */)
+	if n > 0 && !dup {
 		p.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
 	}
 	return n, err
@@ -91,39 +82,31 @@ func (p *Pipe) WriteTo(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, count int64, dup bool)
 
 // Write writes to the Pipe from src.
 func (p *Pipe) Write(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence) (int64, error) {
-	n, err := p.write(ctx, writeOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return src.NumBytes()
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			src = src.TakeFirst64(l)
-		},
-		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := src.CopyInTo(ctx, view)
-			src = src.DropFirst64(n)
-			return n, err
-		},
-	})
+	n, err := src.CopyInTo(ctx, p)
 	if n > 0 {
 		p.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
 	}
 	return n, err
 }
 
+// WriteFromBlocks implements safemem.Writer.WriteFromBlocks for Pipe.Write.
+func (p *Pipe) WriteFromBlocks(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+	n, err := p.write(int64(srcs.NumBytes()), func(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return safemem.CopySeq(dsts, srcs)
+	})
+	return uint64(n), err
+}
+
+func (p *Pipe) write(count int64, f func(safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error)) (int64, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	return p.writeLocked(count, f)
+}
+
 // ReadFrom reads from r to the Pipe.
 func (p *Pipe) ReadFrom(ctx context.Context, r io.Reader, count int64) (int64, error) {
-	n, err := p.write(ctx, writeOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return count
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			count = l
-		},
-		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := view.WriteFromReader(r, count)
-			count -= n
-			return n, err
-		},
+	n, err := p.write(count, func(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return safemem.FromIOReader{r}.ReadToBlocks(dsts)
 	})
 	if n > 0 {
 		p.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/save_restore.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/save_restore.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f135827de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/save_restore.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The gVisor Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package pipe
+
+import (
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/safemem"
+)
+
+// afterLoad is called by stateify.
+func (p *Pipe) afterLoad() {
+	p.bufBlocks[0] = safemem.BlockFromSafeSlice(p.buf)
+	p.bufBlocks[1] = p.bufBlocks[0]
+	p.bufBlockSeq = safemem.BlockSeqFromSlice(p.bufBlocks[:])
+}
diff --git a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go
index 2d47d2e82..d5a91730d 100644
--- a/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go
+++ b/pkg/sentry/kernel/pipe/vfs.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package pipe
 
 import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/safemem"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
@@ -269,12 +268,10 @@ func (fd *VFSPipeFD) SetPipeSize(size int64) (int64, error) {
 // SpliceToNonPipe performs a splice operation from fd to a non-pipe file.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) SpliceToNonPipe(ctx context.Context, out *vfs.FileDescription, off, count int64) (int64, error) {
 	fd.pipe.mu.Lock()
-	defer fd.pipe.mu.Unlock()
 
 	// Cap the sequence at number of bytes actually available.
-	v := fd.pipe.queuedLocked()
-	if v < count {
-		count = v
+	if count > fd.pipe.size {
+		count = fd.pipe.size
 	}
 	src := usermem.IOSequence{
 		IO:    fd,
@@ -291,154 +288,97 @@ func (fd *VFSPipeFD) SpliceToNonPipe(ctx context.Context, out *vfs.FileDescripti
 		n, err = out.PWrite(ctx, src, off, vfs.WriteOptions{})
 	}
 	if n > 0 {
-		fd.pipe.view.TrimFront(n)
+		fd.pipe.consumeLocked(n)
+	}
+
+	fd.pipe.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if n > 0 {
+		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
 	}
 	return n, err
 }
 
 // SpliceFromNonPipe performs a splice operation from a non-pipe file to fd.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) SpliceFromNonPipe(ctx context.Context, in *vfs.FileDescription, off, count int64) (int64, error) {
-	fd.pipe.mu.Lock()
-	defer fd.pipe.mu.Unlock()
-
 	dst := usermem.IOSequence{
 		IO:    fd,
 		Addrs: usermem.AddrRangeSeqOf(usermem.AddrRange{0, usermem.Addr(count)}),
 	}
 
+	var (
+		n   int64
+		err error
+	)
+	fd.pipe.mu.Lock()
 	if off == -1 {
-		return in.Read(ctx, dst, vfs.ReadOptions{})
+		n, err = in.Read(ctx, dst, vfs.ReadOptions{})
+	} else {
+		n, err = in.PRead(ctx, dst, off, vfs.ReadOptions{})
+	}
+	fd.pipe.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if n > 0 {
+		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
 	}
-	return in.PRead(ctx, dst, off, vfs.ReadOptions{})
+	return n, err
 }
 
 // CopyIn implements usermem.IO.CopyIn. Note that it is the caller's
-// responsibility to trim fd.pipe.view after the read is completed.
+// responsibility to call fd.pipe.consumeLocked() and
+// fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut) after the read is completed.
+//
+// Preconditions: fd.pipe.mu must be locked.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyIn(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, dst []byte, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int, error) {
-	origCount := int64(len(dst))
-	n, err := fd.pipe.readLocked(ctx, readOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return int64(len(dst))
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			dst = dst[:l]
-		},
-		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := view.ReadAt(dst, 0)
-			return int64(n), err
-		},
+	n, err := fd.pipe.peekLocked(int64(len(dst)), func(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return safemem.CopySeq(safemem.BlockSeqOf(safemem.BlockFromSafeSlice(dst)), srcs)
 	})
-	if n > 0 {
-		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
-	}
-	if err == nil && n != origCount {
-		return int(n), syserror.ErrWouldBlock
-	}
 	return int(n), err
 }
 
-// CopyOut implements usermem.IO.CopyOut.
+// CopyOut implements usermem.IO.CopyOut. Note that it is the caller's
+// responsibility to call fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn) after the
+// write is completed.
+//
+// Preconditions: fd.pipe.mu must be locked.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyOut(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, src []byte, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int, error) {
-	origCount := int64(len(src))
-	n, err := fd.pipe.writeLocked(ctx, writeOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return int64(len(src))
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			src = src[:l]
-		},
-		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			view.Append(src)
-			return int64(len(src)), nil
-		},
+	n, err := fd.pipe.writeLocked(int64(len(src)), func(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return safemem.CopySeq(dsts, safemem.BlockSeqOf(safemem.BlockFromSafeSlice(src)))
 	})
-	if n > 0 {
-		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
-	}
-	if err == nil && n != origCount {
-		return int(n), syserror.ErrWouldBlock
-	}
 	return int(n), err
 }
 
 // ZeroOut implements usermem.IO.ZeroOut.
+//
+// Preconditions: fd.pipe.mu must be locked.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) ZeroOut(ctx context.Context, addr usermem.Addr, toZero int64, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int64, error) {
-	origCount := toZero
-	n, err := fd.pipe.writeLocked(ctx, writeOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return toZero
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			toZero = l
-		},
-		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			view.Grow(view.Size()+toZero, true /* zero */)
-			return toZero, nil
-		},
+	n, err := fd.pipe.writeLocked(toZero, func(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return safemem.ZeroSeq(dsts)
 	})
-	if n > 0 {
-		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
-	}
-	if err == nil && n != origCount {
-		return n, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
-	}
 	return n, err
 }
 
 // CopyInTo implements usermem.IO.CopyInTo. Note that it is the caller's
-// responsibility to trim fd.pipe.view after the read is completed.
+// responsibility to call fd.pipe.consumeLocked() and
+// fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut) after the read is completed.
+//
+// Preconditions: fd.pipe.mu must be locked.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyInTo(ctx context.Context, ars usermem.AddrRangeSeq, dst safemem.Writer, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int64, error) {
-	count := ars.NumBytes()
-	if count == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	origCount := count
-	n, err := fd.pipe.readLocked(ctx, readOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return count
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			count = l
-		},
-		read: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := view.ReadToSafememWriter(dst, uint64(count))
-			return int64(n), err
-		},
+	return fd.pipe.peekLocked(ars.NumBytes(), func(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return dst.WriteFromBlocks(srcs)
 	})
-	if n > 0 {
-		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
-	}
-	if err == nil && n != origCount {
-		return n, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
-	}
-	return n, err
 }
 
 // CopyOutFrom implements usermem.IO.CopyOutFrom.
+//
+// Preconditions: fd.pipe.mu must be locked.
 func (fd *VFSPipeFD) CopyOutFrom(ctx context.Context, ars usermem.AddrRangeSeq, src safemem.Reader, opts usermem.IOOpts) (int64, error) {
-	count := ars.NumBytes()
-	if count == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	origCount := count
-	n, err := fd.pipe.writeLocked(ctx, writeOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return count
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			count = l
-		},
-		write: func(view *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			n, err := view.WriteFromSafememReader(src, uint64(count))
-			return int64(n), err
-		},
+	n, err := fd.pipe.writeLocked(ars.NumBytes(), func(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		return src.ReadToBlocks(dsts)
 	})
 	if n > 0 {
 		fd.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
 	}
-	if err == nil && n != origCount {
-		return n, syserror.ErrWouldBlock
-	}
 	return n, err
 }
 
@@ -481,37 +421,23 @@ func spliceOrTee(ctx context.Context, dst, src *VFSPipeFD, count int64, removeFr
 	}
 
 	lockTwoPipes(dst.pipe, src.pipe)
-	defer dst.pipe.mu.Unlock()
-	defer src.pipe.mu.Unlock()
-
-	n, err := dst.pipe.writeLocked(ctx, writeOps{
-		left: func() int64 {
-			return count
-		},
-		limit: func(l int64) {
-			count = l
-		},
-		write: func(dstView *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-			return src.pipe.readLocked(ctx, readOps{
-				left: func() int64 {
-					return count
-				},
-				limit: func(l int64) {
-					count = l
-				},
-				read: func(srcView *buffer.View) (int64, error) {
-					n, err := srcView.ReadToSafememWriter(dstView, uint64(count))
-					if n > 0 && removeFromSrc {
-						srcView.TrimFront(int64(n))
-					}
-					return int64(n), err
-				},
-			})
-		},
+	n, err := dst.pipe.writeLocked(count, func(dsts safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+		n, err := src.pipe.peekLocked(int64(dsts.NumBytes()), func(srcs safemem.BlockSeq) (uint64, error) {
+			return safemem.CopySeq(dsts, srcs)
+		})
+		if n > 0 && removeFromSrc {
+			src.pipe.consumeLocked(n)
+		}
+		return uint64(n), err
 	})
+	dst.pipe.mu.Unlock()
+	src.pipe.mu.Unlock()
+
 	if n > 0 {
 		dst.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventIn)
-		src.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
+		if removeFromSrc {
+			src.pipe.Notify(waiter.EventOut)
+		}
 	}
 	return n, err
 }