// Copyright (C) 2014 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or // implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. package table import ( "encoding/binary" "fmt" "github.com/osrg/gobgp/packet" "net" "reflect" ) const ( BPR_UNKNOWN = "Unknown" BPR_ONLY_PATH = "Only Path" BPR_REACHABLE_NEXT_HOP = "Reachable Next Hop" BPR_HIGHEST_WEIGHT = "Highest Weight" BPR_LOCAL_PREF = "Local Pref" BPR_LOCAL_ORIGIN = "Local Origin" BPR_ASPATH = "AS Path" BPR_ORIGIN = "Origin" BPR_MED = "MED" BPR_ASN = "ASN" BPR_IGP_COST = "IGP Cost" BPR_ROUTER_ID = "Router ID" ) type PeerInfo struct { AS uint32 ID net.IP VersionNum int LocalID net.IP } type Destination interface { Calculate(localAsn uint32) (Path, string, error) getRouteFamily() RouteFamily setRouteFamily(ROUTE_FAMILY RouteFamily) getNlri() bgp.AddrPrefixInterface setNlri(nlri bgp.AddrPrefixInterface) getBestPathReason() string setBestPathReason(string) getBestPath() Path setBestPath(path Path) GetOldBestPath() Path setOldBestPath(path Path) getKnownPathList() []Path String() string addWithdraw(withdraw Path) addNewPath(newPath Path) constructWithdrawPath() Path removeOldPathsFromSource(source *PeerInfo) []Path } type DestinationDefault struct { ROUTE_FAMILY RouteFamily nlri bgp.AddrPrefixInterface knownPathList []Path withdrawList []Path newPathList []Path bestPath Path bestPathReason string oldBestPath Path } func NewDestinationDefault(nlri bgp.AddrPrefixInterface) *DestinationDefault { destination := &DestinationDefault{} destination.ROUTE_FAMILY = RF_IPv4_UC destination.nlri = nlri destination.knownPathList = make([]Path, 0) destination.withdrawList = make([]Path, 0) destination.newPathList = make([]Path, 0) destination.bestPath = nil destination.bestPathReason = "" destination.oldBestPath = nil return destination } func (dd *DestinationDefault) getRouteFamily() RouteFamily { return dd.ROUTE_FAMILY } func (dd *DestinationDefault) setRouteFamily(ROUTE_FAMILY RouteFamily) { dd.ROUTE_FAMILY = ROUTE_FAMILY } func (dd *DestinationDefault) getNlri() bgp.AddrPrefixInterface { return dd.nlri } func (dd *DestinationDefault) setNlri(nlri bgp.AddrPrefixInterface) { dd.nlri = nlri } func (dd *DestinationDefault) getBestPathReason() string { return dd.bestPathReason } func (dd *DestinationDefault) setBestPathReason(reason string) { dd.bestPathReason = reason } func (dd *DestinationDefault) getBestPath() Path { return dd.bestPath } func (dd *DestinationDefault) setBestPath(path Path) { dd.bestPath = path } func (dd *DestinationDefault) GetOldBestPath() Path { return dd.oldBestPath } func (dd *DestinationDefault) setOldBestPath(path Path) { dd.oldBestPath = path } func (dd *DestinationDefault) getKnownPathList() []Path { return dd.knownPathList } func (dd *DestinationDefault) addWithdraw(withdraw Path) { dd.validatePath(withdraw) dd.withdrawList = append(dd.withdrawList, withdraw) } func (dd *DestinationDefault) addNewPath(newPath Path) { dd.validatePath(newPath) dd.newPathList = append(dd.newPathList, newPath) } func (dd *DestinationDefault) removeOldPathsFromSource(source *PeerInfo) []Path { removePaths := make([]Path, 0) sourceVerNum := source.VersionNum tempKnownPathList := make([]Path, 0) for _, path := range dd.knownPathList { if path.getSource() == source && path.getSourceVerNum() < sourceVerNum { removePaths = append(removePaths, path) } else { tempKnownPathList = append(tempKnownPathList, path) } } dd.knownPathList = tempKnownPathList return removePaths } func (dd *DestinationDefault) validatePath(path Path) { if path == nil || path.getRouteFamily() != dd.ROUTE_FAMILY { logger.Error("Invalid path. Expected %s path got %s.", dd.ROUTE_FAMILY, path) } } // Calculates best-path among known paths for this destination. // // Returns: - Best path // // Modifies destination's state related to stored paths. Removes withdrawn // paths from known paths. Also, adds new paths to known paths. func (dest *DestinationDefault) Calculate(localAsn uint32) (Path, string, error) { // First remove the withdrawn paths. // Note: If we want to support multiple paths per destination we may // have to maintain sent-routes per path. dest.removeWithdrawls() // Have to select best-path from available paths and new paths. // If we do not have any paths, then we no longer have best path. if len(dest.knownPathList) == 0 && len(dest.newPathList) == 1 { // If we do not have any old but one new path // it becomes best path. dest.knownPathList = append(dest.knownPathList, dest.newPathList[0]) dest.newPathList, _ = deleteAt(dest.newPathList, 0) logger.Debugf("best path : %s, reason=%s", dest.knownPathList[0], BPR_ONLY_PATH) return dest.knownPathList[0], BPR_ONLY_PATH, nil } // If we have a new version of old/known path we use it and delete old // one. dest.removeOldPaths() logger.Debugf("removeOldPaths") // Collect all new paths into known paths. dest.knownPathList = append(dest.knownPathList, dest.newPathList...) // Clear new paths as we copied them. dest.newPathList = make([]Path, 0) // If we do not have any paths to this destination, then we do not have // new best path. if len(dest.knownPathList) == 0 { return nil, BPR_UNKNOWN, nil } // Compute new best path currentBestPath, reason, e := dest.computeKnownBestPath(localAsn) if e != nil { logger.Error(e) } return currentBestPath, reason, e } //"""Removes withdrawn paths. // //Note: //We may have disproportionate number of withdraws compared to know paths //since not all paths get installed into the table due to bgp policy and //we can receive withdraws for such paths and withdrawals may not be //stopped by the same policies. //""" func (dest *DestinationDefault) removeWithdrawls() { logger.Debugf("Removing %d withdrawals", len(dest.withdrawList)) // If we have no withdrawals, we have nothing to do. if len(dest.withdrawList) == 0 { return } // If we have some withdrawals and no know-paths, it means it is safe to // delete these withdraws. if len(dest.knownPathList) == 0 { logger.Debugf("Found %s withdrawals for path(s) that did not get installed", len(dest.withdrawList)) dest.withdrawList = dest.withdrawList[len(dest.withdrawList):] } // If we have some known paths and some withdrawals, we find matches and // delete them first. matches := make(map[string]Path) wMatches := make(map[string]Path) // Match all withdrawals from destination paths. for _, withdraw := range dest.withdrawList { var isFound bool = false for _, path := range dest.knownPathList { // We have a match if the source are same. // TODO add GetSource to Path interface if path.getSource() == withdraw.getSource() { isFound = true matches[path.String()] = path wMatches[withdraw.String()] = withdraw // One withdraw can remove only one path. break } } // We do no have any match for this withdraw. if !isFound { logger.Debugf("No matching path for withdraw found, may be path was not installed into table: %s", withdraw.String()) } } // If we have partial match. if len(matches) != len(dest.withdrawList) { logger.Debugf( "Did not find match for some withdrawals. Number of matches(%d), number of withdrawals (%d)", len(matches), len(dest.withdrawList)) } // Clear matching paths and withdrawals. for _, path := range matches { var result bool = false dest.knownPathList, result = removeWithPath(dest.knownPathList, path) if !result { logger.Debugf("could not remove path: %s from knownPathList", path.String()) } } for _, path := range wMatches { var result bool = false dest.withdrawList, result = removeWithPath(dest.withdrawList, path) if !result { logger.Debugf("could not remove path: %s from withdrawList", path.String()) } } } func (dest *DestinationDefault) computeKnownBestPath(localAsn uint32) (Path, string, error) { // """Computes the best path among known paths. // // Returns current best path among `knownPaths`. if len(dest.knownPathList) == 0 { return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("Need at-least one known path to compute best path") } logger.Debugf("computeKnownBestPath known pathlist: %d", len(dest.knownPathList)) // We pick the first path as current best path. This helps in breaking // tie between two new paths learned in one cycle for which best-path // calculation steps lead to tie. currentBestPath := dest.knownPathList[0] bestPathReason := BPR_ONLY_PATH for _, nextPath := range dest.knownPathList[1:] { // Compare next path with current best path. // TODO make interface to get Local AS number newBestPath, reason := computeBestPath(localAsn, currentBestPath, nextPath) bestPathReason = reason if newBestPath != nil { currentBestPath = newBestPath } } return currentBestPath, bestPathReason, nil } func (dest *DestinationDefault) removeOldPaths() { // """Identifies which of known paths are old and removes them. // // Known paths will no longer have paths whose new version is present in // new paths. // """ newPaths := dest.newPathList knownPaths := dest.knownPathList for _, newPath := range newPaths { oldPaths := make([]Path, 0) for _, path := range knownPaths { // Here we just check if source is same and not check if path // version num. as newPaths are implicit withdrawal of old // paths and when doing RouteRefresh (not EnhancedRouteRefresh) // we get same paths again. if newPath.getSource() == path.getSource() { oldPaths = append(oldPaths, path) break } } for _, oldPath := range oldPaths { match := false knownPaths, match = removeWithPath(knownPaths, oldPath) if !match { logger.Debugf("not exist withdrawal of old path in known paths: %s ", oldPath.String()) } logger.Debugf("Implicit withdrawal of old path, "+ "since we have learned new path from same source: %s", oldPath.String()) } } dest.knownPathList = knownPaths } func deleteAt(list []Path, pos int) ([]Path, bool) { if list != nil { list = append(list[:pos], list[pos+1:]...) return list, true } return nil, false } // remove item from slice by object itself func removeWithPath(list []Path, path Path) ([]Path, bool) { for index, p := range list { if p == path { pathList := append(list[:index], list[index+1:]...) return pathList, true } } return list, false } func computeBestPath(localAsn uint32, path1, path2 Path) (Path, string) { //Compares given paths and returns best path. // //Parameters: // -`localAsn`: asn of local bgpspeaker // -`path1`: first path to compare // -`path2`: second path to compare // // Best path processing will involve following steps: // 1. Select a path with a reachable next hop. // 2. Select the path with the highest weight. // 3. If path weights are the same, select the path with the highest // local preference value. // 4. Prefer locally originated routes (network routes, redistributed // routes, or aggregated routes) over received routes. // 5. Select the route with the shortest AS-path length. // 6. If all paths have the same AS-path length, select the path based // on origin: IGP is preferred over EGP; EGP is preferred over // Incomplete. // 7. If the origins are the same, select the path with lowest MED // value. // 8. If the paths have the same MED values, select the path learned // via EBGP over one learned via IBGP. // 9. Select the route with the lowest IGP cost to the next hop. // 10. Select the route received from the peer with the lowest BGP // router ID. // // Returns None if best-path among given paths cannot be computed else best // path. // Assumes paths from NC has source equal to None. // var bestPath Path bestPathReason := BPR_UNKNOWN // Follow best path calculation algorithm steps. // compare by reachability if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByReachableNexthop(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_REACHABLE_NEXT_HOP } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByHighestWeight(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_HIGHEST_WEIGHT } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByLocalPref(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_LOCAL_PREF } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByLocalOrigin(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_LOCAL_ORIGIN } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByASPath(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_ASPATH } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByOrigin(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_ORIGIN } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByMED(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_MED } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByASNumber(localAsn, path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_ASN } if bestPath == nil { bestPath = compareByIGPCost(path1, path2) bestPathReason = BPR_IGP_COST } if bestPath == nil { var e error = nil bestPath, e = compareByRouterID(localAsn, path1, path2) if e != nil { logger.Error(e) } bestPathReason = BPR_ROUTER_ID } if bestPath == nil { bestPathReason = BPR_UNKNOWN } return bestPath, bestPathReason } func compareByReachableNexthop(path1, path2 Path) Path { // Compares given paths and selects best path based on reachable next-hop. // // If no path matches this criteria, return None. // However RouteServer doesn't need to check reachability, so return nil. logger.Debugf("enter compareByReachableNexthop") logger.Debugf("path1: %s, path2: %s", path1, path2) return nil } func compareByHighestWeight(path1, path2 Path) Path { // Selects a path with highest weight. // // Weight is BGPS specific parameter. It is local to the router on which it // is configured. // Return: // nil if best path among given paths cannot be decided, else best path. logger.Debugf("enter compareByHighestWeight") logger.Debugf("path1: %s, path2: %s", path1, path2) return nil } func compareByLocalPref(path1, path2 Path) Path { // Selects a path with highest local-preference. // // Unlike the weight attribute, which is only relevant to the local // router, local preference is an attribute that routers exchange in the // same AS. Highest local-pref is preferred. If we cannot decide, // we return None. // // # Default local-pref values is 100 logger.Debugf("enter compareByLocalPref") _, attribute1 := path1.GetPathAttr(bgp.BGP_ATTR_TYPE_LOCAL_PREF) _, attribute2 := path2.GetPathAttr(bgp.BGP_ATTR_TYPE_LOCAL_PREF) if attribute1 == nil || attribute2 == nil { return nil } localPref1 := attribute1.(*bgp.PathAttributeLocalPref).Value localPref2 := attribute2.(*bgp.PathAttributeLocalPref).Value // Highest local-preference value is preferred. if localPref1 > localPref2 { return path1 } else if localPref1 < localPref2 { return path2 } else { return nil } } func compareByLocalOrigin(path1, path2 Path) Path { // """Select locally originating path as best path. // Locally originating routes are network routes, redistributed routes, // or aggregated routes. // Returns None if given paths have same source. // """ // # If both paths are from same sources we cannot compare them here. logger.Debugf("enter compareByLocalOrigin") if path1.getSource() == path2.getSource() { return nil } // # Here we consider prefix from NC as locally originating static route. // # Hence it is preferred. if path1.getSource() == nil { return path1 } if path2.getSource() == nil { return path2 } return nil } func compareByASPath(path1, path2 Path) Path { // Calculated the best-paths by comparing as-path lengths. // // Shortest as-path length is preferred. If both path have same lengths, // we return None. logger.Debugf("enter compareByASPath") _, attribute1 := path1.GetPathAttr(bgp.BGP_ATTR_TYPE_AS_PATH) _, attribute2 := path2.GetPathAttr(bgp.BGP_ATTR_TYPE_AS_PATH) asPath1 := attribute1.(*bgp.PathAttributeAsPath) asPath2 := attribute2.(*bgp.PathAttributeAsPath) if asPath1 == nil || asPath2 == nil { logger.Error("it is not possible to compare asPath are not present") } var l1, l2 int for _, pathParam := range asPath1.Value { l1 += pathParam.ASLen() } for _, pathParam := range asPath2.Value { l2 += pathParam.ASLen() } logger.Debugf("l1: %d, l2: %d", l1, l2) logger.Debug(reflect.TypeOf(asPath1.Value)) logger.Debug(asPath1.Value) if l1 > l2 { return path2 } else if l1 < l2 { return path1 } else { return nil } } func compareByOrigin(path1, path2 Path) Path { // Select the best path based on origin attribute. // // IGP is preferred over EGP; EGP is preferred over Incomplete. // If both paths have same origin, we return None. logger.Debugf("enter compareByOrigin") _, attribute1 := path1.GetPathAttr(bgp.BGP_ATTR_TYPE_ORIGIN) _, attribute2 := path2.GetPathAttr(bgp.BGP_ATTR_TYPE_ORIGIN) if attribute1 == nil || attribute2 == nil { logger.Error("it is not possible to compare origin are not present") return nil } origin1, n1 := binary.Uvarint(attribute1.(*bgp.PathAttributeOrigin).Value) origin2, n2 := binary.Uvarint(attribute2.(*bgp.PathAttributeOrigin).Value) logger.Debugf("path1 origin value: %d, %d byte read", origin1, n1) logger.Debugf("path2 origin value: %d, %d byte read", origin2, n2) // If both paths have same origins if origin1 == origin2 { return nil } else if origin1 < origin2 { return path1 } else { return path2 } } func compareByMED(path1, path2 Path) Path { // Select the path based with lowest MED value. // // If both paths have same MED, return None. // By default, a route that arrives with no MED value is treated as if it // had a MED of 0, the most preferred value. // RFC says lower MED is preferred over higher MED value. // compare MED among not only same AS path but also all path, // like bgp always-compare-med logger.Debugf("enter compareByMED") getMed := func(path Path) uint32 { _, attribute := path.GetPathAttr(bgp.BGP_ATTR_TYPE_MULTI_EXIT_DISC) if attribute == nil { return 0 } med := attribute.(*bgp.PathAttributeMultiExitDisc).Value return med } med1 := getMed(path1) med2 := getMed(path2) if med1 == med2 { return nil } else if med1 < med2 { return path1 } return path2 } func compareByASNumber(localAsn uint32, path1, path2 Path) Path { //Select the path based on source (iBGP/eBGP) peer. // //eBGP path is preferred over iBGP. If both paths are from same kind of //peers, return None. logger.Debugf("enter compareByASNumber") getPathSourceAsn := func(path Path) uint32 { var asn uint32 if path.getSource() == nil { asn = localAsn } else { asn = path.getSource().AS } return asn } p1Asn := getPathSourceAsn(path1) p2Asn := getPathSourceAsn(path2) // If path1 is from ibgp peer and path2 is from ebgp peer. if (p1Asn == localAsn) && (p2Asn != localAsn) { return path2 } // If path2 is from ibgp peer and path1 is from ebgp peer, if (p2Asn == localAsn) && (p1Asn != localAsn) { return path1 } // If both paths are from ebgp or ibpg peers, we cannot decide. return nil } func compareByIGPCost(path1, path2 Path) Path { // Select the route with the lowest IGP cost to the next hop. // // Return None if igp cost is same. // Currently BGPS has no concept of IGP and IGP cost. logger.Debugf("enter compareByIGPCost") logger.Debugf("path1: %s, path2: %s", path1, path2) return nil } func compareByRouterID(localAsn uint32, path1, path2 Path) (Path, error) { // Select the route received from the peer with the lowest BGP router ID. // // If both paths are eBGP paths, then we do not do any tie breaking, i.e we do // not pick best-path based on this criteria. // RFC: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5004 // We pick best path between two iBGP paths as usual. logger.Debugf("enter compareByRouterID") getAsn := func(pathSource *PeerInfo) uint32 { if pathSource == nil { return localAsn } else { return pathSource.AS } } getRouterId := func(pathSource *PeerInfo, localBgpId uint32) uint32 { if pathSource == nil { return localBgpId } else { routerId := pathSource.ID routerId_u32 := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(routerId) return routerId_u32 } } pathSource1 := path1.getSource() pathSource2 := path2.getSource() // If both paths are from NC we have same router Id, hence cannot compare. if pathSource1 == nil && pathSource2 == nil { return nil, nil } asn1 := getAsn(pathSource1) asn2 := getAsn(pathSource2) isEbgp1 := asn1 != localAsn isEbgp2 := asn2 != localAsn // If both paths are from eBGP peers, then according to RFC we need // not tie break using router id. if isEbgp1 && isEbgp2 { return nil, nil } if (isEbgp1 == true && isEbgp2 == false) || (isEbgp1 == false && isEbgp2 == true) { return nil, fmt.Errorf("This method does not support comparing ebgp with ibgp path") } // At least one path is not coming from NC, so we get local bgp id. var localBgpId_u32 uint32 if pathSource1 != nil { localBgpId := pathSource1.LocalID localBgpId_u32 = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(localBgpId) } else { localBgpId := pathSource2.LocalID localBgpId_u32 = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(localBgpId) } // Get router ids. routerId1_u32 := getRouterId(pathSource1, localBgpId_u32) routerId2_u32 := getRouterId(pathSource2, localBgpId_u32) // If both router ids are same/equal we cannot decide. // This case is possible since router ids are arbitrary. if routerId1_u32 == routerId2_u32 { return nil, nil } if routerId1_u32 < routerId2_u32 { return path1, nil } else { return path2, nil } } // return Destination's string representation func (dest *DestinationDefault) String() string { str := fmt.Sprintf("Destination NLRI: %s", dest.getPrefix().String()) return str } func (dest *DestinationDefault) constructWithdrawPath() Path { path := &IPv4Path{} return path } func (dest *DestinationDefault) getPrefix() net.IP { var ip net.IP switch p := dest.nlri.(type) { case *bgp.NLRInfo: ip = p.IPAddrPrefix.IPAddrPrefixDefault.Prefix case *bgp.WithdrawnRoute: ip = p.IPAddrPrefix.IPAddrPrefixDefault.Prefix } return ip } /* * Definition of inherited Destination interface */ type IPv4Destination struct { *DestinationDefault //need structure } func NewIPv4Destination(nlri bgp.AddrPrefixInterface) *IPv4Destination { ipv4Destination := &IPv4Destination{} ipv4Destination.DestinationDefault = NewDestinationDefault(nlri) ipv4Destination.DestinationDefault.ROUTE_FAMILY = RF_IPv4_UC //need Processing return ipv4Destination } func (ipv4d *IPv4Destination) String() string { str := fmt.Sprintf("Destination NLRI: %s", ipv4d.getPrefix().String()) return str } type IPv6Destination struct { *DestinationDefault //need structure } func NewIPv6Destination(nlri bgp.AddrPrefixInterface) *IPv6Destination { ipv6Destination := &IPv6Destination{} ipv6Destination.DestinationDefault = NewDestinationDefault(nlri) ipv6Destination.DestinationDefault.ROUTE_FAMILY = RF_IPv6_UC //need Processing return ipv6Destination } func (ipv6d *IPv6Destination) String() string { str := fmt.Sprintf("Destination NLRI: %s", ipv6d.getPrefix().String()) return str } func (ipv6d *IPv6Destination) getPrefix() net.IP { var ip net.IP logger.Debugf("type %s", reflect.TypeOf(ipv6d.nlri)) switch p := ipv6d.nlri.(type) { case *bgp.IPv6AddrPrefix: ip = p.IPAddrPrefix.IPAddrPrefixDefault.Prefix case *bgp.WithdrawnRoute: ip = p.IPAddrPrefix.IPAddrPrefixDefault.Prefix } return ip }