<!-- BIRD Programmer's Guide: Protocols (c) 2000 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz> --> <sect>Routing protocols <sect1>Introduction <p>The routing protocols are the bird's heart and a fine amount of code is dedicated to their management and for providing support functions to them. (-: Actually, this is the reason why the directory with sources of the core code is called <tt/nest/ :-). <p>When talking about protocols, one need to distinguish between <em/protocols/ and protocol <em/instances/. A protocol exists exactly once, not depending on whether it's configured or not and it can have an arbitrary number of instances corresponding to its "incarnations" requested by the configuration file. Each instance is completely autonomous, has its own configuration, its own status, its own set of routes and its own set of interfaces it works on. <p>A protocol is represented by a <struct/protocol/ structure containing all the basic information (protocol name, default settings and pointers to most of the protocol hooks). All these structures are linked in the <param/protocol_list/ list. <p>Each instance has its own <struct/proto/ structure describing all its properties: protocol type, configuration, a resource pool where all resources belonging to the instance live, various protocol attributes (take a look at the declaration of <struct/proto/ in <tt/protocol.h/), protocol states (see below for what do they mean), connections to routing tables, filters attached to the protocol and finally a set of pointers to the rest of protocol hooks (they are the same for all instances of the protocol, but in order to avoid extra indirections when calling the hooks from the fast path, they are stored directly in <struct/proto/). The instance is always linked in both the global instance list (<param/proto_list/) and a per-status list (either <param/active_proto_list/ for running protocols, <param/initial_proto_list/ for protocols being initialized or <param/flush_proto_list/ when the protocol is being shut down). <p>The protocol hooks are described in the next chapter, for more information about configuration of protocols, please refer to the configuration chapter and also to the description of the <func/proto_commit/ function. <sect1>Protocol states <p>As startup and shutdown of each protocol are complex processes which can be affected by lots of external events (user's actions, reconfigurations, behavior of neighboring routers etc.), we have decided to supervise them by a pair of simple state machines -- the protocol state machine and a core state machine. <p>The <em/protocol state machine/ corresponds to internal state of the protocol and the protocol can alter its state whenever it wants to. There are the following states: <descrip> <tag/PS_DOWN/ The protocol is down and waits for being woken up by calling its start() hook. <tag/PS_START/ The protocol is waiting for connection with the rest of the network. It's active, it has resources allocated, but it still doesn't want any routes since it doesn't know what to do with them. <tag/PS_UP/ The protocol is up and running. It communicates with the core, delivers routes to tables and wants to hear announcement about route changes. <tag/PS_STOP/ The protocol has been shut down (either by being asked by the core code to do so or due to having encountered a protocol error). </descrip> <p>Unless the protocol is in the <tt/PS_DOWN/ state, it can decide to change its state by calling the <func/proto_notify_state/ function. <p>At any time, the core code can ask the protocol to shut itself down by calling its stop() hook. <p>The <em/core state machine/ takes care of the core view of protocol state. The states are traversed according to changes of the protocol state machine, but sometimes the transitions are delayed if the core needs to finish some actions (for example sending of new routes to the protocol) before proceeding to the new state. There are the following core states: <descrip> <tag/FS_HUNGRY/ The protocol is down, it doesn't have any routes and doesn't want them. <tag/FS_FEEDING/ The protocol has reached the <tt/PS_UP/ state, but we are still busy sending the initial set of routes to it. <tag/FS_HAPPY/ The protocol is up and has complete routing information. <tag/FS_FLUSHING/ The protocol is shutting down (it's in either <tt/PS_STOP/ or <tt/PS_DOWN/ state) and we're flushing all of its routes from the routing tables. </descrip> <sect1>Functions of the protocol module <p>The protocol module provides the following functions: